Maturation of insulin and glucose responses to normal feeding in foals     

GB SMYTH †  DW YOUNG‡  SH DURAN 《Australian veterinary journal》1993,70(4):129-132

SUMMARY Postprandial insulin and glucose concentrations were measured in 3 Arabian and 3 Thoroughbred foals at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month and 3 months of age. Prefeeding serum Insulin concentrations were similar in foals at 1 day (25.9 ± 5.1 pmol/L), 1 week (32.4 ± 5.8 pmol/L), and 1 month (38.2 + 7.9 pmol/L), but had Increased significantly to 131.0 ± 20.2 pmol/L at 3 months of age (P < 0.05). There was significantly increased serum Insulin secretion after a feed In foals at 3 months of age (P < 0.05) when compared with that at younger ages. Prefeeding serum glucose concentrations ranged from 6.0 ± 0.7 mmol/L at 1 day, to 5.9 ± 0.9 mmol/L at 1 week, 4.9 ± 1.7 mmol/L at 1 month, and 4.4 ± 1.5 mmol/L at 3 months of age. There were lower postprandial glucose concentrations with advancing age. It appeared that there was a period of maturation in pancreatic β-cell function after birth in foals, which reached adult levels by 3 months of age.  相似文献   

Mineralogical and petrological investigations of lunar samples     

Bailey JC  Champness PE  Dunham AC  Esson J  Fyfe WS  Mackenzie WS  Stumpfl EF  Zussman J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1970,167(3918):592-594

Fragments of igneous rocks and breccias, and one coarse-grained rock with thin sections, have been studied. Minerals found include pyroxene, plagioclase, olivine, ilmenite, troilite, ulv?spinel, native iron, cristobalite, tridymite, alkali feldspar, apatite, and quartz. Textures are described and interpreted. Among features revealed by optical, microprobe, x-ray diffraction, and electron microscope methods are extreme zoning and unmixing in pyroxene grains, compositional variations in ilmenites, and effects of shock metamorphism. Some trace elements were determined by x-ray fluorescence analysis.  相似文献   

Repeated assessments in purpose-bred dogs: A cautionary tale     

Karen L. Overall  Donna J. Dyer  Arthur E. Dunham  Soraya Juarbe-Diaz 《Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research》2009,4(6):250-251

  相似文献   

Transgenic fish resistant to infectious diseases, their risk and prevention of escape into the environment and future candidate genes for disease transgene manipulation     

Dunham RA 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2009,32(2):139-161

Transgenic fish have been produced that have improved growth, disease resistance, survival in cold and body composition, have altered color, that can act as bioindicators for estrogenic pollutants and that can produce pharmaceutical proteins. The largest amount of transgenic research has focused on growth hormone transfer. A relatively small amount of research has focused on enhancing disease resistance, but significant enhancement has been accomplished. Pleiotropic effects from the transfer of other transgenes, particularly growth hormone gene can alter disease resistance in both positive and negative ways. Most negative effects for all transgenes appear to lower fitness traits, which is positive for biological containment. Transgenic fish appear to pose little environmental risk, but this research is not fully conclusive. To expedite commercialization and minimize environmental risk, transgenic sterilization research is underway. A large amount of functional genomics research has resulted in a much better understanding of gene expression when fish are experiencing disease epizootics. This information may allow the future design of more effective transgenic approaches to address disease resistance.  相似文献   

Effects of temperature on the induced spawning of channel catfish and the production of channel × blue catfish hybrid fry     

Ronald P. Phelps  Ryan Hastey  Alden Pendetar  Laban Linley  Nikolaos Papanikos  Rex A. Dunham 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2007,273(1):80-86

Hybrid catfish (channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, female × blue catfish, I. furcatus, male) can be obtained by induced spawning and artificial fertilization but with variable results. Temperature of the surrounding environment affects the rates of physiological processes in fish including time to ovulation following hormone injection and time post-ovulation when quality eggs can be obtained. Brood females were held at 24, 26, and 28 °C in 100 L aquaria and injected with LH-RHa at 20 μg/kg followed 12 h later with 100 μg/kg. Fish were monitored hourly recording the time of the first egg deposit. Some females were manually stripped soon after the first eggs were observed, and the remaining females were stripped 4-6 h after the first eggs were observed. Eggs were artificially fertilized with blue catfish sperm and incubated. The percent of females that ovulated were 52.9%, 82.4% and 95.5% at 24, 26, and 28 °C (P = 0.001) respectively. The majority of females that ovulated did so between 58 to 64 h at 24 °C, 48 to 52 h at 26 °C and 24 to 40 h at 28 °C for a degree hour response time of 1405 ± 117, 1141 ± 238 and 951 ± 261 respectively (P < 0.001). Differences in eggs/kg female, eggs/g of eggs, percent viable eggs, percent hatch and survival of sac fry to swimup resulted in an average of 384.4 ± 316.97 fry/kg female at 24 °C, 370 ± 219.2/kg at 26 °C and 1284 ± 1394.1/kg at 28 °C (P = 0.136). Egg quality varied with how soon eggs were stripped after the first egg was observed. For fish held at 26 and 28 °C. the combined effects of egg quality and fry survival resulted in an average 1081 ± 1483.9 fry/kg female for fish stripped within 2 h after the first eggs were released and 500 fry/kg female when stripped after 4 or more hours once the first eggs were released.  相似文献   

Performance of Australian wethers in Arabian Gulf feedlots after transport by sea     

DW SCHARP 《Australian veterinary journal》1992,69(2):42-43

  相似文献   

The effects of Arctotheca calendula (capeweed) on digestive function of sheep     

DW PETHICK  HM CHAPMAN 《Australian veterinary journal》1991,68(11):361-363

The effects of Arctotheca calendula (capeweed) on digestive function in the rumen, caecum and colon of sheep were studied. Three groups of 2-year-old Merino wethers were compared: 13 grazing capeweed-free pasture for 23 days; 8 fed 700 g of lucerne hay daily for 18 days, and 13 fed 6 kg of freshly cut capeweed (dry matter 11.3%) daily for 7 days. Capeweed did not cause diarrhoea and based on measurements of products of fermentation in the rumen, the plants were as nutritious as pasture containing grasses and clovers. The main disadvantage of capeweed in this single feeding trial was that sheep eating it lost body weight due to their inability, or lack of incentive, to consume enough dry matter.  相似文献   

Study of feline injection-site sarcomas     

Dean R  Adams V  Dunham S  Montgomery D  Mellor D  Philbey A  Whitbread T  Scase T  McCandlish I  Pfeiffer D  Smith K 《The Veterinary record》2008,162(20):664

  相似文献   

Retroviral infections of small animals.     

Stephen P Dunham  Elizabeth Graham 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》2008,38(4):879-901, ix

Retroviral infections are particularly important in cats, which are commonly infected with feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus. This article describes the biology of these viruses and explores current issues regarding vaccination and diagnosis. The seeming lack of a recognized retrovirus infection in dogs is speculated on, and current and potential future therapies are discussed.  相似文献   

Effects of Changing Climate on the Hydrological Cycle in Cold Desert Ecosystems of the Great Basin and Columbia Plateau     

Keirith A. Snyder  Louisa Evers  Jeanne C. Chambers  Jason Dunham  John B. Bradford  Michael E. Loik 《Strength and Conditioning Journal》2019,72(1):1-12

Climate change is already resulting in changes in cold desert ecosystems, lending urgency to the need to understand climate change effects and develop effective adaptation strategies. In this review, we synthesize information on changes in climate and hydrologic processes during the past century for the Great Basin and Columbia Plateau and discuss future projections for the 21st century. We develop midcentury projections of temperature and climate for the Great Basin and Columbia Plateau at timescales relevant to managers (2020 ? 2050) and discuss concepts and strategies for adapting to the projected changes. For the instrumented record in the Great Basin and Columbia Plateau (1985 ? 2011), a temperature increase of 0.7 ? 1.4°C has been documented, but changes in precipitation have been relatively minor with no clear trends. Climate projections for 2020 ? 2050 indicate that temperatures will continue to increase, especially in winter and during the night. Precipitation is more difficult to project, and estimates range from an 11% decrease to 25% increase depending on location. Recent records indicate that the Great Basin and Columbia Plateau are becoming more arid, a trend that is projected to continue. Droughts are likely to become more frequent and last longer, invasive annual grasses are likely to continue to expand, and the duration and severity of wildfire seasons are likely to increase. Climate projections can help in developing adaptive management strategies for actual or expected changes in climate. Strategies include reducing the risks of nonnative invasive plant spread and wildfires that result in undesirable transitions, planning for drought, and where necessary, facilitating the transition of populations, communities, and ecosystems to new climatic conditions. A proactive approach to planning for and adapting to climate change is needed, and publicly available Internet-based resources on climate data and planning strategies are available to help meet that need.  相似文献