Impact of Honey Bee Migratory Management on Pathogen Loads and Immune Gene Expression is Affected by Complex Interactions With Environment,Worker Life History,and Season     

Michael Simone-Finstrom  Micheline K Strand  David R Tarpy  Olav Rueppell 《Journal of insect science (Online)》2022,22(1)

The effects of honey bee management, such as intensive migratory beekeeping, are part of the ongoing debate concerning causes of colony health problems. Even though comparisons of disease and pathogen loads among differently managed colonies indicate some effects, the direct impact of migratory practices on honey bee pathogens is poorly understood. To test long- and short-term impacts of managed migration on pathogen loads and immunity, experimental honey bee colonies were maintained with or without migratory movement. Individuals that experienced migration as juveniles (e.g., larval and pupal development), as adults, or both were compared to control colonies that remained stationary and therefore did not experience migratory relocation. Samples at different ages and life-history stages (hive bees or foragers), taken at the beginning and end of the active season, were analyzed for pathogen loads and physiological markers of health. Bees exposed to migratory management during adulthood had increased levels of the AKI virus complex (Acute bee paralysis, Kashmir bee, and Israeli acute bee paralysis viruses) and decreased levels of antiviral gene expression (dicer-like). However, those in stationary management as adults had elevated gut parasites (i.e. trypanosomes). Effects of environment during juvenile development were more complex and interacted with life-history stage and season. Age at collection, life-history stage, and season all influenced numerous factors from viral load to immune gene expression. Although the factors that we examined are not independent, the results illuminate potential factors in both migratory and nonmigratory beekeeping that are likely to contribute to colony stress, and also indicate potential mitigation measures.  相似文献   

Establishment techniques affect productivity,nutritive value and atmospheric N2 fixation of two sunn hemp cultivars     

David M. Jaramillo  José C. B. Dubeux Jr  Joao M. B. Vendramini  Luana M. D. Queiroz  Erick R. S. Santos  Martin Ruiz-Moreno  Liza Garcia  Daciele Sousa de Abreu  Lucas Ramos de Miranda  Michelle Cristina Fernando de Siqueira 《Grass and Forage Science》2020,75(2):153-158

Nitrogen fertilization is a common practice for sustaining forage production in forage systems in southeastern United States. Warm-season annual legumes may be an alternative forage to warm-season perennial grasses that do not require N fertilization. Sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) is a fast-growing, warm-season annual legume native to India and Pakistan. The objective of this 2-year study was to assess the herbage accumulation (HA), atmospheric N₂ fixation (ANF) and nutritive value of sunn hemp. Treatments were the factorial arrangement of two sunn hemp cultivars (“Crescent Sun” and “Blue Leaf”), three seeding rates (17, 28 and 39 kg seed/ha) and seed inoculation (inoculated or non-inoculated seeds), distributed in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Crescent sun had greater HA (3,218 vs. 1764 kg DM/ha) and ANF (41 vs. 25 kg N/ha). Blue leaf had greater crude protein (CP) (188 vs. 176 g/kg) and in vitro digestible organic matter (IVDOM) concentrations (564 vs. 531 g/kg) than crescent sun. Non-inoculated seed had greater CP than inoculated seed, 188 and 177 g/kg, respectively, and inoculation did not affect HA. Intermediate seeding rate (28 kg/ha) decreased HA (2002 kg DM/ha), while HA from high and low seeding rates (17 and 39 kg/ha, respectively) did not differ (2,863 and 2,615 kg DM/ha respectively). Planting non-inoculated crescent sun at 17 kg/ha seeding rate is a feasible management practice to produce sunn hemp in subtropical regions; however, inoculation should always be recommended for proper establishment.  相似文献   

Comparison of Chemical Composition and Biological Properties of Essential Oils Obtained by Hydrodistillation and Steam Distillation of Laurus nobilis L.     

Řebíčková  Kristýna  Bajer  Tomáš  Šilha  David  Ventura  Karel  Bajerová  Petra 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2020,75(4):495-504

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - The purpose of this study was to compare the yield, chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of essential oils isolated from leaves of Laurus...  相似文献   

Extended evaluation of Bt protein cross‐pollination in seed blend plantings on survival,growth, and development of Helicoverpa zea feeding on refuge ears     

Fei Yang  David L Kerns  Graham P Head  Paula A Price  Ronnie Levy  Ying Niu  Fangneng Huang 《Pest management science》2020,76(3):1011-1019

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Additive interaction between a root‐knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica and a root‐feeding flea beetle Longitarsus bethae on their host Lantana camara     

Jufter N Musedeli  David O Simelane  Martin P Hill  Mariette Marais 《Pest management science》2020,76(1):198-204

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Spiro N‐methoxy piperidine ring containing aryldiones for the control of sucking insects and mites: discovery of spiropidion     

Michel Muehlebach  Anke Buchholz  Werner Zambach  Juergen Schaetzer  Miriam Daniels  Ottmar Hueter  Daniel P Kloer  Rob Lind  Peter Maienfisch  Andy Pierce  Thomas Pitterna  Tomas Smejkal  David Stafford  Laura Wildsmith 《Pest management science》2020,76(10):3440-3450

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Review and analysis of the potential for glyphosate to interact with the estrogen,androgen and thyroid pathways     

Steven L Levine  Elizabeth G Webb  David A Saltmiras 《Pest management science》2020,76(9):2886-2906

Glyphosate was recently evaluated for its potential to interact with the estrogen, androgen and thyroid (EAT) hormone pathways, including steroidogenesis, under the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (EDSP), then by Germany, the rapporteur Member State who led the European Annex 1 renewal for glyphosate, and then by the European Food Protection Agency (EFSA) also as part of the Annex 1 renewal for glyphosate. Under the EDSP, 11 Tier 1 assays were run following the USEPA's validated 890‐series test guidelines and included five in vitro and six in vivo assays to evaluate the EAT pathways. Steroidogenesis was evaluated as part of the estrogen and androgen pathways. An up‐to‐date critical review has been conducted that considered results from the EDSP Tier 1 battery, guideline regulatory studies and an in‐depth analysis of the literature studies that informed an endocrine assessment. A strength of this evaluation was that it included data across multiple levels of biological organization, and mammalian and nonmammalian test systems. There was strong agreement across the in vitro and in vivo Tier 1 battery, guideline studies and relevant literature studies, demonstrating that glyphosate does not interact with EAT pathways including steroidogenesis. Based on an analysis of the comprehensive toxicology database for glyphosate and the literature, this review has concluded that glyphosate does not have endocrine‐disrupting properties through estrogen, androgen, thyroid and steroidogenic modes of action. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Symbiosis disruption in the olive fruit fly,Bactrocera oleae (Rossi), as a potential tool for sustainable control     

Martina Sinno  Annie Bzier  Francesco Vinale  David Giron  Stefania Laudonia  Antonio P Garonna  Francesco Pennacchio 《Pest management science》2020,76(9):3199-3207

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Inheritance of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry2Ab2 protein resistance in Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)     

Fei Yang  Graham P Head  Paula A Price  Jos C Santiago Gonzlez  David L Kerns 《Pest management science》2020,76(11):3676-3684

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Evaluating methods for identifying large mammal road crossing locations: black bears as a case study     

Zeller  Katherine A.  Wattles  David W.  Destefano  Stephen 《Landscape Ecology》2020,35(8):1799-1808

Landscape Ecology - Roads have several negative effects on large mammals including restricting movements, isolating populations, and mortality due to vehicle collisions. Where large mammals...  相似文献