Monitoring derelict urban land: A review of problems and potentials of remote sensing techniques     

P. T. Kivell  A. J. Parsons  B. R. P. Dawson 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》1989,1(1):5-21

The accelerating rate of change in urban areas calls for more rapid and cost-effective surveys of derelict land. A review of the use of remote sensing¹ for this task reveals that, although aerial photography has been used for urban analysis since the 1940s, it has not been widely adopted for surveys of derelict land, despite demonstrations of its utility. Other forms of remote sensing are similarly shown to have been little-used and to have had patchy success. The hitherto restricted utility of remote sensing is found to be due to a combination of limitations of the forms of imagery available and the methods of analysis employed. Recent changes in available remote sensing imagery, notably the higher resolution now provided by the SPOT satellite, coupled with advances in digital image-processing techniques point to improved opportunities for using remote sensing to monitor derelict land. As a demonstration of these developments, a texture image based on scene variance is derived from a SPOT image of part of north Staffordshire. All derelict and neglected land parcels larger than 1.25 ha are delimited on this image. Remote sensing techniques are not yet ready to supplant detailed ground surveys but they have a growing role to play in monitoring various aspects of land dereliction.  相似文献   

Suspected malignant hyperthermia in a horse anaesthetized with halothane     

DC Williams  RJ Brosnan  MR Aleman  RA LeCouteur  A Imai  EP Steffey 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2002,29(2):91-91

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Gas-liquid chromatographics determination of Bayer 73 in fish, aquatic invertebrates, mud, and water     

C W Luhning  P D Harman  J B Sills  V K Dawson  J L Allen 《Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists》1979,62(5):1141-1145

A gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) method is described for determining residues of Bayer 73 (2-aminoethanol salt of 2',5-dichloro-4'-nitrosalicylanilide) in fish muscle, aquatic invertebrates, mud, and water by analyzing for 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline (CNA), a hydrolysis product of Bayer 73. Bayer 73 residues are extracted from fish muscle tissue, invertebrates, and mud with acetone-formic acid (98+2), and partitioned from water samples with chloroform. After sample cleanup by solvent and acid-base partitioning, the concentrated extract is hydrolyzed with 2N NaOH and H2O2 for 10 min at 95 degrees C. The CNA is then partitioned into hexane-ethyl ether (7+3) and determined by electron capture GLC. Average recoveries were 88% for fish, 82% for invertebrates, 82% for mud, and 98% for water at 3 or more fortification levels.  相似文献   

Antigenic and morphological differentiation of placental and intestinal isolates of Chlamydia psittaci of ovine origin.     

P C Griffiths  H L Philips  M Dawson  M J Clarkson 《Veterinary microbiology》1992,30(2-3):165-177

Ewe placental and lamb intestinal isolates of Chlamydia psittaci recovered from flocks affected with ovine enzootic abortion were examined by inclusion morphology, indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) and immunoblot analysis. Chlamydiae recovered from the faeces of sheep from two flocks free of clinical disease were also examined. In cell culture ovine abortion (OA) and intestinal isolates were distinguishable by inclusion development and morphology. Similarly, in two-way IIF tests with one week mouse antisera isolates fell into two distinct groups: abortion or intestinal. Immunoblotting with convalescent sheep abortion antiserum identified 30 out of at least 40 silver staining polypeptides as antigenic both in OA and intestinal isolates. The serum produced a similar reaction pattern to the resolved proteins of each OA isolate, indicating a higher degree of antigenic conservation among these isolates. Considerable cross reactivity between the OA and intestinal isolates was identified, but the serum also showed apparent molecular weight differences between antigens of the two types in the 87-116 kDa, 38-44 kDa and 26-28 kDa regions. Furthermore, the immunoblotting analysis revealed heterogeneity among the intestinal isolates, particularly in antigens between 87-116 kDa and 38-44 kDa.  相似文献   

Experimental diarrhoea in lambs     

C Wray  M Dawson  A Afshar  W J Sojka 《Zentralblatt für Veterin?rmedizin. Reihe B. Journal of veterinary medicine. Series B》1984,31(5):381-390

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Improving the Reproductive Efficiency, Pregnancy Diagnosis and Monitoring the Resumption of Luteal Activity in Indigenous Damascus Goats   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

MR Al-Merestani  M Zarkawi  MF Wardeh 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2003,38(1):36-40

Seventy‐five female Damascus goats aged between 1.5 and 5.5 years were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the intravaginal sponges and prostaglandin analogue on oestrous synchronization and fecundity; to diagnose pregnancy and to monitor the resumption of the luteal activity. Females were divided randomly, during the breeding season, into three equal groups, S, P and C. Females in group S were fitted with sponges containing 45 mg of flugestone acetate (FGA) for 14 days and injected with pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) at the sponge withdrawal. Females in group P were given two injections of prostaglandin F2α analogue at 11‐day intervals, whereas females in group C (control) received no treatment. The results showed that there was a significant difference (p < 0.001) in oestrous exhibition between females in group S as compared with those in groups P and C, with means being 30 ± 10, 172 ± 115 and 217 ± 75 h for groups S, P and C, respectively. Kidding rates resulting from the first and all matings were 80 and 88, 52 and 88, and 68 and 80% for groups S, P and C, respectively. Fecundity rates were 215, 175 and 180% for groups S, P and C, respectively, with a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the S and both P and C groups. Using an ultrasound pregnancy detector performed on days 57 ± 3 after mating, positive pregnancy diagnosis was 93.3% and 100% for non‐pregnancy. Females in the control group showed functional corpus luteum starting in September. It is concluded that FGA sponges plus PMSG treatment could be successfully used to synchronize oestrus and improve fecundity; whereas prostaglandin treatment was not effective to synchronize oestrus. It is also concluded that pregnancy can be diagnosed accurately and successfully using an ultrasound pregnancy detector. In addition, ovarian activity in the Damascus goat in Syria resumes in September.  相似文献   

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: detection and quantitation of fibrils, fibril protein (PrP) and vacuolation in brain     

A C Scott  G A Wells  M J Stack  H White  M Dawson 《Veterinary microbiology》1990,23(1-4):295-304

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is a new disease of cattle which has considerable homology with scrapie, the archetype of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Abnormal brain fibrils, called scrapie associated fibrils (SAF), are specific ultrastructural markers for these diseases. Fibril detection was compared with histopathological diagnosis in the brains of 167 cattle; 157 clinically suspect BSE and 10 clinically normal. Fibrils were detected in samples of pooled brain regions of 67/144 in which vacuolar changes of BSE were confirmed, but absent in the remaining 23 brains, in which no vacuolation was found, including those from the clinically normal cattle and 13 with alternative neuropathological diagnoses. When eight defined anatomic regions from the brains of another 22 affected cows were examined, the sensitivity of fibril detection was greater than 90% for the brain stem areas. Fibril prevalence in these areas approximated to severity of vacuolar changes. When the same defined regions from four of the affected cows were assayed for fibril protein (PrP) by western blotting, the density of immuno-labelling generally correlated with the fibril prevalence. This study confirms the specificity of fibril detection for BSE, shows that the ease of fibril detection depends on anatomic region sampled and suggests an association between PrP accumulation and vacuolar changes in certain neuroanatomic areas.  相似文献   

Effects of supplemental fructooligosaccharides plus mannanoligosaccharides on immune function and ileal and fecal microbial populations in adult dogs.     

Kelly S Swanson  Christine M Grieshop  Elizabeth A Flickinger  H P Healy  K A Dawson  N R Merchen  G C Fahey 《Archives of Animal Nutrition》2002,56(4):309-318

The goal of this study was to examine whether supplemental fructooligosaccharides (FOS) plus mannanoligosaccharides (MOS) influenced immune function and ileal and fecal microbial populations of adult dogs. Eight adult dogs surgically fitted with ileal cannulas were used in a crossover design. Dogs were fed 200 g of a dry, extruded, kibble diet twice daily. At each feeding, dogs were dosed with either 1 g sucrose (placebo) or 2 g FOS plus 1 g MOS orally via gelatin capsule. Fecal, ileal, and blood samples were collected at the end of each 14-d period to measure microbial populations and immune characteristics. Treatment least squares means were compared using the GLM procedure of SAS. Supplementation of FOS plus MOS increased fecal bifidobacteria and fecal and ileal lactobacilli concentrations. Dogs fed FOS plus MOS also tended to have lower blood neutrophils and greater blood lymphocytes vs placebo. Serum, fecal, and ileal immunoglobulin concentrations were unchanged by treatment. Supplementation of FOS plus MOS beneficially altered indices of gut health by improving ileal and fecal microbial ecology. Supplementation of FOS plus MOS also altered immune function by causing a shift in blood immune cells.  相似文献   

A landscape connectivity index for assessing desertification: a case study of Minqin County,China     

Danfeng Sun  Richard Dawson  Hong Li  Rong Wei  Baoguo Li 《Landscape Ecology》2007,22(4):531-543

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日粮添加赛乐硒对奶牛产奶量和乳品质的影响     

刘强  黄应祥  Karl Dawson  苗朝华  高登宏 《中国奶牛》2007,(5):13-16

选用35头处于干奶期40d、泌乳期相近和上胎平均日产奶量20kg的中国荷斯坦奶牛，采用完全随机区组设计分为7组，即：对照组、亚硒酸钠组（7．5mgSe／d、15mgSe／d和22．5mgSe／d）和赛乐硒组（7．5mgSe／d、15mgSe／d和22．5mgSe／d），研究赛乐硒和无机硒对奶牛泌乳性能和乳硒含量的影响。结果表明：在泌乳期30d、60d、90d赛乐硒组较对照组显著提高奶牛产奶量、乳蛋白率和乳干物质含量，有提高乳脂率和乳糖含量的趋势。试验前各组乳硒差异不显著，试验期赛乐硒组较无机硒组、对照组显著提高乳硒含量。  相似文献