The Current State of Solar Modeling     

J Christensen-Dalsgaard  W Dappen  SV Ajukov  ER Anderson  HM Antia  S Basu  VA Baturin  G Berthomieu  B Chaboyer  SM Chitre  AN Cox  P Demarque  J Donatowicz  WA Dziembowski  M Gabriel  DO Gough  DB Guenther  JA Guzik  JW Harvey  F Hill  G Houdek  CA Iglesias  AG Kosovichev  JW Leibacher  P Morel  CR Proffitt  J Provost  J Reiter  EJ Rhodes  FJ Rogers  IW Roxburgh  MJ Thompson  RK Ulrich 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1996,272(5266):1286-1292

Data from the Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG) project and other helioseismic experiments provide a test for models of stellar interiors and for the thermodynamic and radiative properties, on which the models depend, of matter under the extreme conditions found in the sun. Current models are in agreement with the helioseismic inferences, which suggests, for example, that the disagreement between the predicted and observed fluxes of neutrinos from the sun is not caused by errors in the models. However, the GONG data reveal subtle errors in the models, such as an excess in sound speed just beneath the convection zone. These discrepancies indicate effects that have so far not been correctly accounted for; for example, it is plausible that the sound-speed differences reflect weak mixing in stellar interiors, of potential importance to the overall evolution of stars and ultimately to estimates of the age of the galaxy based on stellar evolution calculations.  相似文献   

Modeling the Exchanges of Energy, Water, and Carbon Between Continents and the Atmosphere   总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19  

PJ Sellers  RE Dickinson  DA Randall  AK Betts  FG Hall  JA Berry  GJ Collatz  AS Denning  HA Mooney  CA Nobre  N Sato  CB Field  A Henderson-Sellers 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1997,275(5299):502-509

Atmospheric general circulation models used for climate simulation and weather forecasting require the fluxes of radiation, heat, water vapor, and momentum across the land-atmosphere interface to be specified. These fluxes are calculated by submodels called land surface parameterizations. Over the last 20 years, these parameterizations have evolved from simple, unrealistic schemes into credible representations of the global soil-vegetation-atmosphere transfer system as advances in plant physiological and hydrological research, advances in satellite data interpretation, and the results of large-scale field experiments have been exploited. Some modern schemes incorporate biogeochemical and ecological knowledge and, when coupled with advanced climate and ocean models, will be capable of modeling the biological and physical responses of the Earth system to global change, for example, increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide.  相似文献   

Experimental tunicamycin toxicity in cattle, sheep and pigs     

CA BOURKE  MJ CARRIGAN 《Australian veterinary journal》1993,70(5):188-189

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Temporal distribution of porcine circovirus 2 genogroups recovered from postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome affected and nonaffected farms in Ireland and Northern Ireland.   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Gordon M Allan  Francis McNeilly  Michael McMenamy  Irene McNair  Steven G Krakowka  Sirje Timmusk  Dermot Walls  Maria Donnelly  Donal Minahin  John Ellis  Per Wallgren  Caroline Fossum 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2007,19(6):668-673

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is now recognized as the essential infectious component of porcine postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). PMWS was first recognized in high-status, specific pathogen-free pigs in Canada in 1991 and is now an economically important disease that affects the swine industry around the world. Recently, reports of genomic studies on PCV2 viruses indicated that 2 distinctive genogroups of PCV2 exist.4,10 This report involves the results of a study on the distribution of predominant PCV2 genogroups recovered from samples taken from PMWS-affected and PMWS-nonaffected farms on the island of Ireland over a 9-year period and the results of a study on PCV2 genogroup recovery from fecal samples taken from a farm in Northern Ireland from 2003 to 2005 that was first diagnosed as PMWS positive in August 2005. The results indicate that, although at least 2 distinct genogroups of PCV2 have been circulating on pig farms on the island of Ireland, there does not appear to be a direct relationship between infection with these different genogroups of PCV2 and the development of PMWS.  相似文献   

Bovine hematology. I. Technical problems in the counting of leukocytes     

O C Straub  R J Lorenz  L Chevrier  W J Donnelly  J C Flensburg  G Gentile  M Mammerickx  L M Markson  A A Ressang 《Zentralblatt für Veterin?rmedizin. Reihe B. Journal of veterinary medicine. Series B》1978,25(1):14-28

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Analgesic drugs in the cat     

L E Davis  E J Donnelly 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1968,153(9):1161-1167

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A comparison of the complement fixation and immunofluorescent antibody tests in a survey of the prevalence ofBabesia equi andBabesia caballi in horses in the sultanate of Oman     

J. Donnelly  L. P. Joyner  Oliver Graham-Jones  C. P. Ellis 《Tropical animal health and production》1980,12(1):50-60

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Fatal pulmonary rhabdomyosarcoma in a lamb     

W J Donnelly  A F Hamilton 《The Veterinary record》1972,91(12):280-282

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Pathogenesis and diagnosis of infections with Mycobacterium bovis in cattle. Independent Scientific Group on Cattle TB     

Morrison WI  Bourne FJ  Cox DR  Donnelly CA  Gettinby G  McInerney JP  Woodroffe R 《The Veterinary record》2000,146(9):236-242

In last week's Veterinary Record, members of the Independent Scientific Group on Cattle TB discussed the approach they are adopting in attempting to develop sustainable strategies for controlling bovine tuberculosis in cattle (VR, February 19, pp 207-210). In this second, complementary article, they consider the extent to which efforts to control the disease may be constrained by limitations in current testing procedures.  相似文献   

Phosphorus reduces salinity stress in micropropated potato     

A. Kalifa  N. N. Barthakur  D. J. Donnelly 《American Journal of Potato Research》2000,77(3):179-182

The present study was conducted to determine whether varying the sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations in Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium could affect radiophosphorus (³²P) uptake, and whether high NaCl stress was moderated by the availability of inorganic phosphorus (Pi) to micropropagated potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Russet Burbank). The kinetics of³²P uptake in micropropagated potato plantlets was studied over a 48-hr interval in MS medium containing 1.25 mM Pi and varying concentrations of NaCl (0 to 120 mM). The³²P activity of the top-most trifoliate leaf increased considerably with time, but decreased significantly as medium NaCl concentrations increased. The³²P activity of the root tips at 48 hr was greater, but translocation of Pi into leaves was less, as medium NaCl concentration increased. As medium Pi concentration was increased from 0 to 2.5 mM, in the presence of 120 mM NaCl,³²P activity decreased in root tips but translocation into the topmost leaves occurred more efficiently.  相似文献