Toward sustainable harvest strategies for marine fisheries that include recreational fishing     

Ashley M. Fowler  Natalie A. Dowling  Jeremy M. Lyle  Josep Alós  Leif E. Anderson  Steven J. Cooke  Andy J. Danylchuk  Keno Ferter  Heath Folpp  Clifford Hutt  Kieran Hyder  Daniel K. Lew  Michael B. Lowry  Tim P. Lynch  Nicholas Meadows  Estanis Mugerza  Kjell Nedreaas  Domingos Garrone-Neto  Faith A. Ochwada-Doyle  Warren Potts  David Records  Scott Steinback  Harry V. Strehlow  Sean R. Tracey  Michael D. Travis  Jun-ichi Tsuboi  Jon Helge Vølstad  Rowan C. Chick 《Fish and Fisheries》2023,24(6):1003-1019

Recreational fishing (RF) is a large yet undervalued component of fisheries globally. While progress has been made in monitoring, assessing, and managing the sector in isolation, integration of RF into the management of multi-sector fisheries has been limited, particularly relative to the commercial sector. This marginalises recreational fishers and reduces the likelihood of achieving the sector's objectives and, more broadly, achieving fisheries sustainability. We examined the nature and extent of RF inclusion in harvest strategies (HSs) for marine fisheries across 15 regions in 11 nations to define the gap in inclusion that has developed between sectors. We focused on high-income nations with a high level of RF governance and used a questionnaire to elicit expert knowledge on HSs due to the paucity of published documents. In total, 339 HSs were considered. We found that RF inclusion in HSs was more similar to the small-scale sector (i.e., artisanal, cultural, or subsistence) than the commercial sector, with explicit operational objectives, data collection, performance indicators, reference points, and management controls lacking in many regions. Where specified, RF objectives focused on sustainability, economic value and catch allocation rather than directly relating to the recreational fishing experience. Conflicts with other sectors included competition with the commercial sector for limited resources, highlighting the importance of equitable resource allocation policies alongside HSs. We propose that RF be explicitly incorporated into HSs to ensure fisheries are ecologically, economically, and socially sustainable, and we recommend that fisheries organisations urgently review HSs for marine fisheries with a recreational component to close the harvest strategy gap among sectors.  相似文献   

Ancient diets, ecology, and extinction of 5-million-year-Old horses from florida     

BJ MacFadden  N Solounias  TE Cerling 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1999,283(5403):824-827

Six sympatric species of 5-million-year-old (late Hemphillian) horses from Florida existed during a time of major global change and extinction in terrestrial ecosystems. Traditionally, these horses were interpreted to have fed on abrasive grasses because of their high-crowned teeth. However, carbon isotopic and tooth microwear data indicate that these horses were not all C4 grazers but also included mixed feeders and C3 browsers. The late Hemphillian Florida sister species of the modern genus Equus was principally a browser, unlike the grazing diet of modern equids. Late Hemphillian horse extinctions in Florida involved two grazing and one browsing species.  相似文献   

Fertilization management affects the alkaline phosphatase bacterial community in barley rhizosphere soil     

Sagar Chhabra  Dina Brazil  John Morrissey  Jim Burke  Fergal O’Gara  David N. Dowling 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2013,49(1):31-39

There is increasing interest in good agriculture practices that address the issues of sustainability, reduction in inputs such as fertilizers and pesticides while maintaining crop yield and soil fertility. It is important that soil microbial diversity and function are not impaired by altered agricultural practice. In this study, as indicators of soil quality, the bacterial community structure was evaluated from a long-term field trial managed with conventional and low-input fertilization/pesticide regimes. The low-input plots under study received approximately one fifth less N fertilizer than the conventional-input plots, a maximum of half the recommended application rates of fungicides and pesticides and no externally added P source. A non-culturable approach was taken using polymerase chain reaction–denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of 16S rRNA and alkaline phosphomonoesterase [phosphatase] (ALP) genes in an attempt to relate bacterial community structure to respective field management regimes. To identify the ALP bacteria in these plots, randomly selected ALP clones were sequenced. The results based on Shannon diversity indices and community structure analysis of ALP genes suggest differences in community diversity and structure under conventional and low-input barley sites in most sampling seasons. We conclude that soil fertilization management affects the ALP bacteria in the barley rhizosphere, while the overall changes in bacterial community in these sites are prominently due to seasonal variation compared to crop or input regimes. The randomly selected ALP sequences identified from these sites were mostly from the Alpha and Gamma classes of Proteobacteria.  相似文献   

蒙古马睾丸支持细胞的体外分离培养与鉴定     

宋连杰  崔迎迎  赵一萍  白东义  任秀娟  特日格乐  芒来  李蓓 《中国畜牧兽医》2020,47(9):2751-2758

为研究一种简单快速分离蒙古马睾丸支持细胞并保证其活性的基本方法,本试验采集2岁蒙古马睾丸组织于低温环境下进行机械分离,将1~3 g睾丸组织剪碎,采用重力沉淀法去除游离的红细胞和间质细胞;使用0.1%胶原酶Ⅳ和0.25%胰蛋白酶+EDTA逐步进行组织消化,并用含有10%胎牛血清的培养基进行细胞培养;在接种后采用差异贴壁法分离纯化支持细胞,使用Tris-HCl低渗法去除杂质细胞,并采用碱性磷酸酶（AKP）染色、HE染色、实时荧光定量PCR方法进行鉴定。结果显示,支持细胞贴壁性能较强,培养24 h后大多数细胞开始贴壁,细胞形状呈椭圆形;培养48 h后胞质增多,折光性变强;培养3~4 d细胞胞质展开紧密连接,此时细胞呈三角形,有明显的核仁,培养6~7 d细胞生长状态进入稳定期。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,GATA4和GDNF基因在培养细胞中极显著表达（P<0.01）,AKP染色支持细胞呈阴性表达,表明分离培养的细胞确为支持细胞。本试验使用机械分离法与两步酶消化法处理组织,可快速高效地获得睾丸支持细胞,成功构建了蒙古马睾丸支持细胞体外培养方法。  相似文献   

Synapses of horizontal cells in rabbit and cat retinas   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

J E Dowling  J E Brown  D Major 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1966,153(744):1639-1641

Horizontal cells in the retinas of cats and rabbits are morphologically similar; in both species, two types can be distinguished in Golgistained material. Horizontal cells and their processes are readily recognized in electron micrographs, and many of the horizontal cell processes appear to make synaptic contacts with dendrites and somata of bipolar cells, and probably with other horizontal cells. The synapses of the horizontal cell appear similar to chemical synaptic contacts described throughout the nervous system. With the finding of synaptic contacts, it seems clear that retinal horizontal cells should be classified as neurons.  相似文献   

熔喷过程湍流模型中的气流场数值模拟     

李建国  特铮 《沈阳农业大学学报》2007,38(4):631-633

以熔喷过程中的气流场为核心,建立熔喷过程的数学物理模型,采用数值模拟的方法进行研究。以Navier-Stocks方程为基础,应用基于同位网格的SIMPLER算法并行化计算气流场的速度分布,将试验测试值与数值模拟进行比较,结果表明:采用的数值模拟方法是有效的,完全可以用于模拟双槽钝头型模具的熔喷过程。  相似文献   

Ulcerative mycosis: a serious menhaden disease of the southeastern coastal fisheries of the United States   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M. J. DYKSTRA  J. F. LEVINE  E. J. NOGA  J. H. HAWKINS  P. GERDES  W. J. HARGIS JR  H. J. GRIER  D. TE STRAKE 《Journal of fish diseases》1989,12(2):175-178

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Large Animal Internal Medicine, 2nd ed          下载免费PDF全文

Patricia M. Dowling 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1996,37(12):760-761

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The National Veterinary Medical Series: Pharmacology          下载免费PDF全文

Patricia M. Dowling 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1996,37(11):652

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Antimicrobial therapy of skin and ear infections.   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

P M Dowling 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1996,37(11):695-699

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