Habituation of healthy dogs to treadmill trotting: Repeatability assessment of vertical ground reaction force     

Laurent Fanchon  Dominique Grandjean 《Research in veterinary science》2009,87(1):135-139

To assess the repeatability of kinetic gait analysis with a treadmill, 28 sound adult dogs were made to trot on an instrumented system. Vertical ground reaction force variables (Peak PFz and Impulse IFz) were collected by 10-s recordings, once a week, 4 weeks in succession. Data were analysed using a repeated-measures two-way ANOVA to investigate habituation to treadmill locomotion. Recorded data were stabilized from the end of the first and second sessions for IFz and PFz, respectively. The percentages of variance attributable to dogs, weeks, minutes and repetitions were, respectively, 72%, 10%, 7%, and 11% for PFz and 84%, 7%, 3%, and 6% for IFz. Habituation occurred after a single training session. Good repeatability was determined by a low coefficient of variation (3.4-4.7%). Adding a treadmill to kinetic gait analysis deserves consideration: reliable data are easily recorded using appropriate habituation and statistical model.  相似文献   

Estimating Population Growth Rate From Capture–Recapture Data in Presence of Capture Heterogeneity     

Roger Pradel  Rémi Choquet  Mauricio A. Lima  Joseph Merritt  Laurent Crespin 《Journal of Agricultural, Biological & Environmental Statistics》2010,15(2):248-258

The direct estimation and modeling of population growth rate from capture–recapture data has now seen a number of applications. However, the original model cannot accommodate heterogeneous capture probabilities. While studying a population of small mammals Peromyscus maniculatus, we became concerned that the peak of population size may be estimated too late in the year because of heterogeneous catchability. Hence, we developed a variation of the original model with a finite number of catchability classes. The results obtained with the new model are more in agreement with the known biology of this population. A bibliographic appendix and computer code are available online.  相似文献   

Short‐time clay‐mineral evolution in a soil chronosequence in Oléron Island (France)     

Laurent Caner  Emmanuel Joussein  Sébastien Salvador‐Blanes  Fabien Hubert  Jean‐Frédéric Schlicht  Nelly Duigou 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2010,173(4):591-600

Major weathering sequences in soils are well established; however, knowledge on rates of mineral transformations remains unknown, because it is often difficult to date precisely soil processes. This work was carried out on soils developed on recent (< 188 y) sand dunes on the W coast of Oléron Island (France). The coast has been protected against marine and wind erosion by constructing five consecutives barriers close to the coastline since 1820 (1820, 1864, 1876, 1889, 1948) defining the maximum age of the soil parent material, as before the areas between the barriers were under water. Soils on the older dunes have low clay content (> 94% of sand) and exhibit a bleached E horizon that overlies a yellowish brown B horizon. The process responsible for their formation is podzolization promoted by the high permeability of the material and complexing organic matter produced by coniferous vegetation. Initial mineralogy of C horizons is homogenous and constituted of chlorite, illite, illite/smectite mixed‐layer minerals, and kaolinite, quartz, calcite (≈ 8% related to shell fragments), and feldspars. The initial clay‐mineral assemblage of the E horizons is dominated by illite (well‐crystallized WCI and poorly crystallized PCI) and chlorite. With progressive podzolization, poorly crystallized illite is first transformed to illite/smectite mixed‐layer minerals and in a further step into smectite. In addition, transformation of well‐crystallized illite leads to formation of ordered illite/smectite mixed‐layer minerals in the E horizons, which is not commonly described in soils. In the B horizons, illite/smectite mixed‐layer minerals are present with traces of smectite, as well as Al and Fe oxi‐hydroxides as revealed by DCB and oxalate chemical extractions. This chronosequence illustrates that over short distances and short time (< 188 y) intense mineral weathering and soil development occur. Major clay‐mineral changes occur between 132 and 188 y in agreement with development of the pine forest producing acidic litter.  相似文献   

Assessing turnover of microbial biomass phosphorus: Combination of an isotopic dilution method with a mass balance model     

David L. Achat  Christian Morel  Laurent Augusto  Anne Gallet-Budynek 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2010,42(12):2231-2240

Microbial biomass phosphorus (P) can play an important role in P cycling and availability to plants by acting as a source (remineralization) or sink (immobilization) of phosphate ions (iP). To assess the role of the microbial P pools, both the dynamics (i.e. the turnover) and the size of the microbial P pools were studied in forest soils. Combining an isotopic dilution method with a modelling approach, we showed the existence of two pools of microbial P with different dynamics and therefore of different importance in soil P availability and cycling. In particular, we showed that the largest pool of microbial P (80%) had a fast turnover (nine days). Microbial P increased with an increase in soil organic matter and represented up to 53% of total P in contrasting forest soils. By combining these results with the turnover times of microbial P obtained in the modelling study, we evaluated that 8.5-17.3 kg P ha⁻¹ of microbial P could turn over in a few days. This suggests that microbial biomass P is a potentially significant source of available iP, and that micro-organisms can play a major role in P cycling in the forest studied here. However, microbial biomass can also be in competition with the trees since most of the remineralized P could be immobilized again in the microbial turnover.  相似文献   

Effects of syringe type and storage conditions on results of equine blood gas and acid-base analysis     

Kennedy SA  Constable PD  Sen I  Couëtil L 《American journal of veterinary research》2012,73(7):979-987

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Chloroaniline peroxidation by soybean peroxidases     

Franois M. G. Laurent 《Pest management science》1994,40(1):25-30

4-chloroaniline was oxidized by soya cell-wall peroxidases in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The main product, an orange compound with a maximal absorbance at 455 nm, was probably 4, 4′-dichloroazobenzene. The optimum pH of the reaction was 4. Michaelis constants, determined as described by Dalziel, were 21 mM for 4-chloroaniline and 94 μM for hydrogen peroxide. Syringaldazine was an uncompetitive inhibitor of 4-chloroaniline peroxidation (K_i =46 μM) and modified the progress of the reaction with the appearance of a lag period. By contrast, 4-chloroaniline was a non-competitive inhibitor of syringaldazine peroxidation with a K_i value of 21 mM_x at pH 7.5. Therefore, these two inhibiting effects were compatible with the presence of two binding sites for two different hydrogen donors. Both sites were linked by allosteric interactions. The inferences on chloroaniline binding are discussed.  相似文献   

Genetic immunisation of cattle against bovine herpesvirus 1: glycoprotein gD confers higher protection than glycoprotein gC or tegument protein VP8     

Toussaint JF  Coen L  Letellier C  Dispas M  Gillet L  Vanderplasschen A  Kerkhofs P 《Veterinary research》2005,36(4):529-544

Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) has frequently been used as a model for testing parameters affecting DNA immunisation in large animals like cattle. However, the selection of target antigens has been poorly studied, and most of the experiments have been conducted in mice. In the present study, we demonstrated in cattle that a DNA vaccine encoding BoHV-1 glycoprotein gD induces higher neutralising antibody titres than vaccines encoding BoHV-1 gC. Additionally, we show that a DNA vaccine encoding a secreted form of gD induces a higher immune response than a vaccine encoding full-length gD. However, the enhanced immunogenicity associated with the secretion of gD could not be extended to the glycoprotein gC. The current study also describes for the first time the development and the evaluation of a DNA vaccine encoding the major tegument protein VP8. This construct, which is the first BoHV-1 plasmid vaccine candidate that is not directed against a surface glycoprotein, induced a high BoHV-1 specific cellular immunity but no humoral immune response. The calves vaccinated with the constructs encoding full-length and truncated gD showed a non-significant tenfold reduction of virus excretion after challenge. Those calves also excreted virus for significantly (p < 0.05) shorter periods (1.5 days) than the non-vaccinated controls. The other constructs encoding gC and VP8 antigens induced no virological protection as compared to controls. Altogether the DNA vaccines induced weaker immunity and protection than conventional marker vaccines tested previously, confirming the difficulty to develop efficient DNA vaccines in large species.  相似文献   

Thiamine deficiency in a dog: clinical, clinicopathologic, and magnetic resonance imaging findings     

Garosi LS  Dennis R  Platt SR  Corletto F  de Lahunta A  Jakobs C 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(5):719-723

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Analysis of risk factors for recurrent airway obstruction in North American horses: 1,444 cases (1990-1999)     

Couëtil LL  Ward MP 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2003,223(11):1645-1650

OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors for recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) among horses examined at veterinary teaching hospitals in North America. DESIGN: Retrospective case-control study. ANIMALS: 1,444 horses with RAO and 1,444 control horses examined for other reasons. PROCEDURE: The Veterinary Medical Database was searched for records of horses in which RAO was diagnosed. A control group was identified by randomly selecting a horse with a diagnosis other than RAO that matched the institution and year of admission for each of the horses with RAO. Information obtained included hospital, admission year and month, age, sex, breed, and discharge status. The association between risk factors and diagnosis of RAO was estimated with logistic regression models. RESULTS: The risk of RAO increased significantly with age, with horses > or = 7 years old being 6 to 7 times as likely to have RAO as were horses < or = 4 years old. Thoroughbreds were 3 times as likely to have RAO as were ponies. Horses were 1.6 and 1.5 times as likely to be examined because of RAO during winter and spring, respectively, than they were during summer. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that RAO was more likely to be diagnosed in females, horses > or = 4 years old, and Thoroughbreds and that RAO has a seasonal distribution.  相似文献   

Neuromuscular weakness and collapse.     

Simon R Platt  Laurent S Garosi 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》2004,34(6):1281-1305

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