Wastage and disease in Bay of Plenty dairy herds     

Anderson DC 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1985,33(5):61-65

Information on disease incidence and herd wastage was collected from 36 farms supplying the Rangitaiki Plains Dairy Company over a two-year period from June 1981 to May 1983. These herds contained 7050 milking cows and 1460 yearlings. Although 33.5% of calves horn were reared, only 21.7% entered the herd. The average wastage rate over the two seasons was 22.6%. This included a 2.5% death-rate. Main reasons for culling were infertility (6.3%), low production (3.7%) and mastitis (2.3%). Only 0.8% of cows died or were culled because of bloat and 0.4% from each of facial eczema and metabolic diseases. Treatments were administered by farmers or veterinarians to 18.8% of the cows for mastitis, to 3.9% for metabolic diseases and to 3.6% for lameness. In total, 34.6% of cows received treatment for disease. Wide differences were noted in the proportion of cases of different diseases for which veterinarians were consulted. These ranged from 83.6% for scours to 3.8% for mastitis. As well as confirming or quantifying the relative importance of various diseases and causes of wastage, the survey highlighted the problems in collecting reliable data from herd owners on the events in their herds.  相似文献   

Roaring in Clydesdales     

Goulden BE  Anderson LJ  Cahill JI 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1985,33(5):73-76

An endoscopic survey was performed to assess arytenoid cartilage movement during quiet respiration in 48 Clydesdale horses. Physical characteristics which could influence the length of the recurrent laryngeal nerves were also recorded from these horses and the relationship of these characteristics to the presence of abnormal left arytenoid cartilage movements was assessed statistically. Some degree of abnormal arytenoid movement was observed in 50% of the animals over one year of age. No significant correlation between sex, age, estimated weight, height, or neck length could be found although affected animals were, on average, slightly taller, lighter and longer necked.  相似文献   

An unusual reaction in a horse during anaesthesia     

Anderson IL 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1983,31(5):85

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Morphological description of cell cultures containg a Type-II (Marek's) leukosis virus (JM strain)     

K Anderson  M Sevoian 《Avian diseases》1969,13(3):470-485

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LIGO Director Out in Shakeup     

Anderson C 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1994,263(5152):1366

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Cell-mediated immune responses in cattle adult-vaccinated with Brucella abortus strain 19 and in cattle infected with Brucella abortus field strain.     

J M Kaneene  P Nicoletti  R K Anderson  C C Muscoplat  D W Johnson 《American journal of veterinary research》1979,40(11):1503-1509

Cell-mediated immune responses in cattle adult-vaccinated with Brucella abortus strain 19, cattle infected with B abortus field strain, and nonexposed cattle were studied by an in vitro lumphocyte-stimulation test (LST). Lymphocytes were prepared from peripheral bovine blood by the Ficoll-diatrizoate technique, and results were assayed for [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA by liquid scintillation spectrometry. Serotests and bacteriologic isolation attempts were conducted simultaneously with LST. Lymphocytes from cattle infected with field strains had significantly (P = 0.01) higher specific lymphocyte-stimulation inexposed controls. The LST, the serum standard-tube agglutination test (STT), the Rivanol (RIV) test, and the complement-fixation (CF) test correctly classified cattle from which field strains and strain 19 of B abortus were isolated. The LST was negative in cattle vaccinated with B abortus strain 19 (nonshedding), but the three serotests had many false-positive reactions. The CF test had the least false-positive reaction, followed by the RIV test, and the STT was the least specific. Well before the three serotests became positive, the LST was positive in samples from some cattle during the incubation period of the infection. There was little or no correlation between cell-mediated immune responses (as measured by LST) and serum antibody responses (as measured by STT, RIV test, and CF test) in vaccinated but culture-negative cattle and in some nonvaccinated cattle during the incubation period.  相似文献   

Longitudinal studies of naturally acquired Brucella abortus infection in sheep.     

D W Luchsinger  R K Anderson 《American journal of veterinary research》1979,40(9):1307-1312

Naturally acquired Brucella abortus infections were studied during consecutive pregnancies in eight sheep and in their lambs over a period of 40 months to evaluate epizootiologic aspects of natural infection in sheep. Brucella abortus was isolated from the ewes following 16 of 26 natural terminations of pregnancy: from 5 of 6 ewes in the first year, from six of eight ewes in the second year, from two of six ewes in the third year, and from three of six ewes in the fourth year. Vaginal swab samples and milk samples were the most consistent source of the brucella organisms. Brucella abortus was isolated from three ewes when standard tube test seroagglutination titers were less than 1:100. In contrast, results of supplemental tests (card, 2-mercaptoethanol, complement-fixation, and Rivanol) remained positive during the study. During the 40 months, B abortus was isolated from 4 of 4 aborted fetuses, 2 of 5 stillborn lambs, 10 of 37 living lambs, and as an indicator of continuing infection, from 6 of 12 lambs born during the fourth year. Although B abortus has a definite host preference for cattle, this study demonstrated that under appropriate management conditions, sheep may be naturally infected and may remain infected for more than 40 months. Epizootiologic evaluation of all factors, including husbandry practices and exposure potential, should be utilized in determining the need to test other species that may have been exposed to cattle infected with B abortus.  相似文献   

Experimental constraints on the theory of high-tc superconductivity     

Anderson PW 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1992,256(5063):1526-1531

Analysis of the many experiments on high-temperature superconductivity indicate several essential aspects of any theory. The conductivity and other transport properties as a function of disorder, temperature, and frequency point to a non-Fermi liquid-like behavior, whereas photoemission experiments and magnetic properties indicate the presence of a Fermi surface in momentum space. To reconcile this apparent contradiction, a new type of electron liquid, called a Luttinger liquid, has been postulated, and the present article aims to show the need for this postulate. Theory and experiment indicate that the suitable phenomenological electronic structure model of the CuO layers is that of the one-band Hubbard model. It is also argued that experiment clearly indicates that interlayer interactions strongly affect the superconducting transition temperature, T(c), consistent with the fact that no theoretical calculations on two-dimensional Hubbard models have resulted in the prediction of high transition temperatures, and that anyon models are not favored by experiment.  相似文献   

Equine laryngeal hemiplegia part II: Some clinical observations     

Goulden BE  Anderson LJ 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1981,29(11):194-198

Some clinical features of laryngeal hemiplegia in 127 horses are described. Possible aetiologic factors were found in only 11% of affected animals. The onset of clinical signs was either sudden or insidious. The majority of cases were presented because of an abnormal respiratory noise made at exercise. Other clinical signs, particularly those usually attributed to laryngopalatal dislocation, were observed in a substantial proportion of affected animals. In all cases surveyed the left arytenoid was affected, although in 3 animals a bilateral laryngeal dysfunction was noted. Thirty of 65 animals examined with a fibreoptic endoscope had other upper respiratory tract abnormalities in addition to abnormal arytenoid movements. Electrocardiographic examination of 45 affected horses did not reveal a significantly higher incidence of abnormalities than that observed in the racing population. The majority of haemograms taken from affected animals were also within normal limits.  相似文献   

The hen's egg: Shell cracking at impact on a heavy,stiff body and factors that affect it     

G. B. Anderson  T. C. Carter 《British poultry science》1976,17(6):613-626

1. Eggs from hens of three strains were dropped on to a heavy, stiff, smooth, plane body with impact at the equator of the shell; the height of drop, h_c, just sufficient to produce shell failure was measured and the corresponding impact velocity, v_c, calculated.

2. A small but commercially important percentage of the well‐formed eggs of one strain cracked when h_c was as low as 3–3 mm and v_c 250 mm/s.

3. Characteristics of the egg found to affect h_c and v_c included the overall thickness of its shell, thickness of its weak inner shell layer and average shell curvature, all measured at the point of impact, and its weight; its age also had a small effect (additional to that mediated through loss of weight); so did the degree of shell ridging.

4. No effect of shell colour was found.

5. Shell damage was typically a single hair‐crack that ran either round the equator or towards a pole.  相似文献