Common names of pesticides recently approved by the BSI     

Walker SB;BSI Technical Committee AW/-Common Names for Pesticides  Other Agrochemicals 《Pest management science》2003,59(3):371-373

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Retention of surgery specialists in academia: a critical agenda     

Adams SB  Schulz K  Hardy J  Bliss S  Lipowitz A  Baxter G  Meagher D  Fingeroth J  Howe L  Grant B  Probst C  Loew A 《Journal of veterinary medical education》2005,32(4):404-415

Recruitment and retention of specialists to academia appears to be a growing problem in university teaching hospitals. Members of the American College of Veterinary Surgeons (ACVS) believe that the movement of surgery specialists to practice may have an impact on the training of veterinary students and surgery residents. To address these concerns, 1,071 ACVS diplomates and 60 department heads and hospital directors from all veterinary schools in North America were surveyed to determine whether a problem exists, the extent of the problem, and potential reasons for migration of specialists to practice. Responses were obtained from 620 ACVS diplomates (58 per cent) and 38 department heads and hospital directors (63%) from 28 different universities. The responses confirmed a net movement of surgery specialists from academia to practice. Eighty seven percent of department heads and hospital directors believed there was a shortage of small animal surgery specialists in academia; this information was supported by the fact that 47% responded that they had open positions and 68% had difficulty filling positions in the last five years. The demand was slightly less for large animal surgery specialists, and 42 per cent of respondents indicated that they had open positions. Financial considerations were the most common reason for surgery specialists to move from academia to private practice. Seventy-six percent of responding ACVS diplomates in private practice had a total compensation package valued at greater than $125,000 per year, whereas 77.8% of diplomates in academia had total compensation valued at $125,000 or less. Most universities offer starting salaries (not including benefits) for recently certified surgery specialists ranging from $70,000 to $90,000. Reasons for moving from academia to practice besides financial considerations included undesirable location of university hospitals; lack of interest in research; and a belief that university administration was not supportive of surgery specialists. Many academic surgery specialists were frustrated by the requirement for productivity in research, teaching, and service for promotion in tenure-track positions.  相似文献   

Jugular venous prosthesis on the horse: A preliminary report     

J.H. Cannon DVM  Norman W. Rantanen DVM  MS  Barrie D. Grant DVM  MS  M.T. Keck B.S. 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》1983,3(6):185-189

Woven dacron vascular prostheses^a were implanted in 6 horses to replace segments of external jugular veins. Anticoagulant therapy using sodium heparin and coumadin was done postoperatively. Clotting profiles and red blood cell counts were determined by measuring activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), one stage prothrombin time (OSPT), and packed cell volume (PCV). The horses were observed postoperatively for 4 to 38 days. Real time ultrasonography was used to monitor patency of the prostheses. All grafts remained patent during the observation period, although 3 cases of septic thrombosis were seen at necropsy.  相似文献   

Proteinases of the cornea and preocular tear film   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

Ollivier FJ  Gilger BC  Barrie KP  Kallberg ME  Plummer CE  O'Reilly S  Gelatt KN  Brooks DE 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2007,10(4):199-206

Maintenance and repair of corneal stromal extracellular matrix (ECM) requires a tightly coordinated balance of ECM synthesis, degradation and remodeling in which proteolytic enzymes (proteinases) perform important functions. There are natural proteinase inhibitors present in preocular tear film (PTF) and cornea simultaneously with proteinases that prevent excessive degradation of normal healthy tissue. Disorders occur when there is an imbalance between proteinases and proteinase inhibitors in favor of the proteinases, causing pathologic degradation of stromal collagen and proteoglycans in the cornea. Two matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), MMP-2 and MMP-9, are of major importance in terms of remodeling and degradation of the corneal stromal collagen. Immunohistochemical studies have shown different origins of MMP-2 and -9. MMP-2 is synthesized by corneal keratocytes and performs a surveillance function in the normal cornea, becoming locally activated to degrade collagen molecules that occasionally become damaged. Alternatively, MMP-9 may be produced by epithelial cells and polymorphonuclear neutrophils following corneal wounding. Because the cornea is in close contact with the preocular tear film (PTF), proteinases have been evaluated in the PTF. In damaged corneas, total proteolytic activity in the tear fluid was found to be significantly increased compared to normal eyes and contralateral eyes. Studies analyzing the proteolytic activity in serial PTF samples during corneal healing led to the following conclusions: ulcerative keratitis in animals is associated with initially high levels of tear film proteolytic activity, which decrease as ulcers heal; proteinase levels in melting ulcers remain elevated leading to rapid progression of the ulcers. The success of medical and surgical treatment of the corneal ulcers is reflected by the proteolytic activity in tears. In animals, successful treatment leads to a rapid reduction in tear film proteolytic activity that corresponds with the improvement in the clinical signs of corneal ulceration. The in vitro effects of various compounds on proteolytic activity in the tear fluid of animals with ulcerative keratitis have been evaluated and their important inhibitory effects have been confirmed. Because these various compounds utilize different mechanisms to inhibit various families of proteinases, a combination of these proteinase inhibitors may be beneficial.  相似文献   

Urban ragweed populations in vacant lots: An ecological perspective on management     

Daniel S.W. Katz  Benjamin T. Connor Barrie  Tiffany S. Carey 《Urban Forestry & Urban Greening》2014,13(4):756-760

Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) is one of the most prolific producers of allergenic pollen in North America, and negatively impacts tens of millions of people each year. Recent work shows that local plant populations can be the most important source of allergenic pollen in the urban environment. This research emphasizes that management choices that influence species abundance can determine the burden of allergenic pollen for people living near these plant populations. In Detroit, MI, USA, ragweed populations are predominantly found in vacant lots; the management of these lots could therefore have large impacts on allergenic pollen burdens. The main form of management in these vacant lots is mowing, which occurs at frequencies ranging from monthly mowing to no mowing. We hypothesized that annual or biennial mowing would result in conditions where ragweed populations could thrive. To test this, we conducted a vegetation survey of vacant lots in Detroit, in which we quantified the mowing regime, characteristics of the vegetation, and ragweed presence and stem density. We found that ragweed was significantly more likely to be present in lots that were mowed annually or biennially; unfortunately these are the most common management types, accounting for 51% of vacant lots in Detroit. Ragweed's association with this disturbance regime fits with its early successional status, as it is most competitive in recently disturbed soils where there is reduced competition for resources such as light. We therefore recommend one of two alternative management regimes for reducing ragweed in vacant lots: either mow them frequently (multiple times a growing season) or do not mow them at all. Both approaches will reduce ragweed prevalence in vacant lots and reduce allergenic pollen exposure for people who live near vacant lots.  相似文献   

Wet and dry deposition of sulphates and nitrates in Eastern Canada: 1979–1982     

L. A. Barrie  A. Sirois 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1986,30(1-2):303-310

Daily air and precipitation chemistry observations at six rural locations in eastern Canada were analyzed to obtain wet and dry deposition. Dry deposition was calculated from air concentrations using deposition velocities originating from a recent literature review and synthesis exercise involving land use types. Total annual deposition ranges for \({\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}^{\text{ = }} \) from 10 to 86 mmol m^?2 and for \({\text{NO}}_{\text{3}}^{\text{ - }} \) excluding N0₂ contributions to dry deposition from 13 to 62 mmol m^?2. Dry deposition accounts for an estimated 22 and 21% of the total \({\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}^{\text{ = }} \) and \({\text{NO}}_{\text{3}}^{\text{ - }} \) deposition, respectively. For \({\text{NO}}_{\text{3}}^{\text{ - }} \) , this fraction increases to 30% if N0₂ concentration to dry deposition is included. There is a marked seasonal variation in total \({\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}^{\text{ = }} \) deposition but not in that of \({\text{NO}}_{\text{3}}^{\text{ - }} \) . Both wet and dry deposition are episodic. 20% of daily events deliver between 47 and 70% of the deposition.  相似文献   

Wet deposition of methyl mercury in northwestern Ontario compared to other geographic locations     

Vincent L. St.Louis  John W. M. Rudd  Carol A. Kelly  Leonard A. Barrie 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1995,80(1-4):405-414

Concentrations of methyl mercury (MeHg) and total mercury (THg) in precipitation were measured at the Experimental Lakes Area (ELA), a remote field station in northwestern Ontario. We found that precipitation was a source of both MeHg and THg to boreal ecosystems, but at lower rates than in industrialized regions of North America and Scandinavia. MeHg concentrations in precipitation ranged from 0.010 to 0.179 ng L^?1 and were highest when events originated west of the ELA. THg concentrations in precipitation ranged from 0.95 to 9.31 ng L^?1 and were highest when the events came from the southeast. There was no relationship between THg and MeHg over time in precipitation. Inputs of both MeHg and THg to ecosystems were highest during summer months.  相似文献   

An experimental investigation of yarn tension in simulated ring spinning     

Zheng-Xue?Tang  Xungai?WangEmail author  W.?Barrie?Fraser  Lijing?Wang 《Fibers and Polymers》2004,5(4):275-279

Yarn tension is a key factor that affects the efficiency of a ring spinning system. In this paper, a specially constructed rig, which can rotate a yarn at a high speed without inserting any real twist into the yarn, was used to simulate a ring spinning process. Yarn tension was measured at the guide-eye during the simulated spinning of different yarns at various balloon heights and with varying yarn length in the balloon. The effect of balloon shape, yarn hairiness and thickness, and yarn rotating speed, on the measured yarn tension, was examined. The results indicate that the collapse of balloon shape from single loop to double loop, or from double loop to triple etc, lead to sudden reduction in yarn tension. Under otherwise identical conditions, a longer length of yarn in the balloon gives a lower yarn tension at the guide-eye. In addition, thicker yarns and/or more hairy yarns generate a higher tension in the yarn, due to the increased air drag acting on the thicker or more hairy yarns.  相似文献   

Molecular phylogeny and evolution of morphology in the social amoebas   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Schaap P  Winckler T  Nelson M  Alvarez-Curto E  Elgie B  Hagiwara H  Cavender J  Milano-Curto A  Rozen DE  Dingermann T  Mutzel R  Baldauf SL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,314(5799):661-663

The social amoebas (Dictyostelia) display conditional multicellularity in a wide variety of forms. Despite widespread interest in Dictyostelium discoideum as a model system, almost no molecular data exist from the rest of the group. We constructed the first molecular phylogeny of the Dictyostelia with parallel small subunit ribosomal RNA and a-tubulin data sets, and we found that dictyostelid taxonomy requires complete revision. A mapping of characters onto the phylogeny shows that the dominant trend in dictyostelid evolution is increased size and cell type specialization of fruiting structures, with some complex morphologies evolving several times independently. Thus, the latter may be controlled by only a few genes, making their underlying mechanisms relatively easy to unravel.  相似文献   

Obstruction of equine small intestine associated with focal idiopathic eosinophilic enteritis: An emerging disease?     

Archer DC  Barrie Edwards G  Kelly DF  French NP  Proudman CJ 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2006,171(3):504-512

Idiopathic focal eosinophilic enteritis (IFEE) is a rare disease in the horse and few cases have been reported in the literature. The objective of this paper was to describe the clinical, surgical, histological features and post-operative progress of 12 horses with IFEE, a disease that had not been identified in the authors' hospital population prior to 2000. Diagnosis of IFEE was made at laparotomy and confirmed by histological examination of resected abnormal small intestine. In all 12 horses colic was associated with jejunal obstruction involving visibly striking and palpably thickened serosal plaques or circumferential constrictions. Surgical resection of affected intestine was performed in 10 horses, of which seven completely recovered. In one horse, on which surgical resection was not performed, ingesta re-obstructed post-operatively at one of the lesions. Histological examination of resected intestines revealed, in all cases, severe transmural enteritis in which eosinophilic leucocytes were the predominant inflammatory cells. No helminths were identified and the cause of this lesion is not known. IFEE is an uncommon but significant cause of small intestinal obstruction for which surgical resection can be curative. The gross lesions may be under-recognised and histology is essential for diagnosis.  相似文献