Co‐culture of sea cucumber Holothuria scabra and red seaweed Kappaphycus striatum          下载免费PDF全文

Marisol Beltran‐Gutierrez  Sebastian CA Ferse  Andreas Kunzmann  Selina M Stead  Flower E Msuya  Thomas S Hoffmeister  Matthew J Slater 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(5):1549-1559

Commercially valuable sea cucumbers are potential co‐culture species in tropical lagoon environments, where they may be integrated into established aquaculture areas used for seaweed farming. In the current study, wild‐caught juvenile sea cucumbers, Holothuria scabra, and red seaweed Kappaphycus striatum were co‐cultured on Zanzibar, United Republic of Tanzania. Sea cucumbers (97 g ± 31 SD, n = 52) were cultured in mesh enclosures at initial cage stocking densities of 124 ± 21 SD and 218 ± 16 SD g m^?2 under seaweed culture lines. Over 83 days, individual growth rate (1.6 g d^?1 ± 0.2 SD) of sea cucumbers at low stocking density was significantly higher (χ² = 8.292, d.f. = 1, P = 0.004) than at high‐stocking density (0.9 g d^?1 ± 0.1 SD). Seaweed individual growth rates [6.27 (±0.3 SE) g d^?1] were highest in co‐culture with sea cucumber at low density but did not differ significantly from high sea cucumber density or seaweed monoculture treatments (χ² = 3.0885, d.f. = 2, P = 0.2135). Seaweed growth varied significantly (χ² = 35.6, d.f. = 2, P < 0.0001) with sampling period, with the final sampling period resulting in the highest growth rate. Growth performance for seaweed and sea cucumbers (χ² = 3.089, d.f. = 2, P = 0.21 and χ² = 0.08, d.f. = 1, P = 0.777 respectively), did not differ significantly between monoculture and co‐culture treatments, yet growth in co‐culture was comparable with that reported for existing commercial monoculture. Results indicate H. scabra is a highly viable candidate species for lagoon co‐culture with seaweed. Co‐culture offers a more efficient use of limited coastal space over monoculture and is recommended as a potential coastal livelihood option for lagoon farmers in tropical regions.  相似文献   

Neuroendocrine,Metabolic and Genomic Cues Signalling the Onset of Puberty in Females     

CA Meza‐Herrera  A Gonzalez‐Bulnes  RT Kridli  M Mellado  CF Arechiga‐Flores  H Salinas  JM Luginbuhl 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(6):e495-e502

Puberty is the result of a dynamic interaction between genetic factors and environmental cues, all of which lead to the attainment of reproductive capacity. Thus, significant changes in hormone secretion occur from the pre‐pubertal to the pubertal stage. The objective of this review is to provide an update of some endocrine, physiological, metabolic and genetic concepts involved in the establishment of the hypothalamic‐hypophyseal‐gonadal axis function promoting the onset of the reproductive function during puberty. To achieve this purpose, basic aspects of the function of the hypothalamic‐hypophyseal‐gonadal axis, the control of the axis by neurotransmitters and the interaction between reproductive function and metabolic status will be considered. Finally, the role of the novel kisspeptin system and the GPR54 receptor as modulators of puberty will be considered, in addition to the hierarchical expression of the main genes acting as regulators of the onset of puberty.  相似文献   

Immunomagnetic Selection of Acrosome-reacted Bovine Spermatozoa Using Anti-acrosin Antibodies     

CA Thomas  DL Garner  TV McCormick 《Reproduction in domestic animals》1996,31(2):373-378

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Cryopreservation of Sheep Primordial Follicles   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

CA Amorim  D Rondina  CM Lucci  A Giorgetti  JR de Figueiredo  PBD Gonçalves 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2007,42(1):53-57

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of 1 M dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO), ethylene glycol (EG), propylene glycol (PROH) and glycerol (GLY) to cryopreserve primordial follicles. The first evaluation was performed soon after cryopreservation and the second evaluation after 4 days of in vitro culture, using the cryoprotectants that allowed the higher results (higher follicular survival rate) after cryopreservation. The results after follicular isolation (control) and cryopreservation using 1 M DMSO, EG, PROH and GLY showed that the mean number (+/- SEM) of live follicles per millilitre was 3204 (100%) +/- 319.27, 2798 (87%) +/- 239.14, 2492 (78%) +/- 345.8, 448 (14%) +/- 46.3 and 208 (7%) +/- 75.26, respectively. Higher follicular survival was reported when DMSO and EG were used. Control follicles and follicles cryopreserved with these two cryoprotectants were cultured and the percentage of follicular survival was 55% (control), 42% (EG) and 34% (DMSO). Similar results were found between control and follicles cryopreserved with EG. In conclusion, 1 M EG is the most effective cryoprotectant to preserve primordial follicles isolated from ovaries of sheep.  相似文献   

Late Pleistocene Desiccation of Lake Victoria and Rapid Evolution of Cichlid Fishes     

TC Johnson  CA Scholz  MR Talbot  K Kelts  RD Ricketts  G Ngobi  K Beuning  I Ssemmanda  JW McGill 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1996,273(5278):1091-1093

Lake Victoria is the largest lake in Africa and harbors more than 300 endemic species of haplochromine cichlid fish. Seismic reflection profiles and piston cores show that the lake not only was at a low stand but dried up completely during the Late Pleistocene, before 12,400 carbon-14 years before the present. These results imply that the rate of speciation of cichlid fish in this tropical lake has been extremely rapid.  相似文献   

THE VITAMIN CONTENT OF CASEIN     

Cannon MD  Boutwell RK  Elvehjem CA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1945,102(2656):529-530

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"Dip-Pen" nanolithography   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

RD Piner  J Zhu  F Xu  S Hong  CA Mirkin 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1999,283(5402):661-663

A direct-write "dip-pen" nanolithography (DPN) has been developed to deliver collections of molecules in a positive printing mode. An atomic force microscope (AFM) tip is used to write alkanethiols with 30-nanometer linewidth resolution on a gold thin film in a manner analogous to that of a dip pen. Molecules are delivered from the AFM tip to a solid substrate of interest via capillary transport, making DPN a potentially useful tool for creating and functionalizing nanoscale devices.  相似文献   

Effects of Monomer Structure on Their Organization and Polymerization in a Smectic Liquid Crystal     

CA Guymon  EN Hoggan  NA Clark  TP Rieker  DM Walba  CN Bowman 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1997,275(5296):57-59

Photopolymerizable diacrylate monomers dissolved in fluid-layer smectic A and smectic C liquid crystal (LC) hosts exhibited significant spatial segregation and orientation that depend strongly on monomer structure. Small, flexible monomers such as 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) oriented parallel to the smectic layers and intercalated, whereas rod-shaped mesogen-like monomers such as 1,4-di-(4-(6-acryloyloxyhexyloxy)benzoyloxy)-2-methylbenzene (C6M) oriented normal to the smectic layers and collected within them. Such spatial segregation caused by the smectic layering dramatically enhanced photopolymerization rates; for HDDA, termination rates were reduced, whereas for C6M, both the termination and propagation rates were increased. These polymerization precursor structures suggest novel materials-design paradigms for gel LCs and nanophase-separated polymer systems.  相似文献   

The effect of ketamine infusions on the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane in cats     

JE Ilkiw  PJ  Pascoe  CA Craig  LD Tripp  C Kollias-Baker 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2001,28(4):210-211

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Fescue‐associated oedema of horses grazing on endophyte‐inoculated tall fescue grass (Festuca arundinacea) pastures     

CA Bourke  E Hunt  R Watson 《Australian veterinary journal》2009,87(12):492-498

A new form of toxicity called equine fescue oedema is described. The clinical signs included inappetence, depression, and subcutaneous oedema of the head, neck, chest and abdomen. Affected horses had very low plasma albumin values. The toxicity affected 48 of 56 horses on six farms in different states of Australia, and 4 horses have died. All horses were grazing pastures that had been sown with varieties of Mediterranean tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) that carry the endophyte known as Max P or Max Q. It is proposed that a pyrrolizidine alkaloid, N‐acetyl norloline, which is produced by the Max P endophyte, may be responsible for this new toxicity in horses.  相似文献