Strychnine- and pentylenetetrazol-induced changes of excitability in aplysia neurons     

Klee MR  Faber DS  Heiss WD 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1973,179(4078):1133-1136

In Aplysia neurons isolated from their synaptic input strychnine induces doublet discharges associated in voltage clamp with a decrease in the threshold for the inward current and a reduction and delayed onset of the outward current. Pentylenetetrazol causes oscillations and bursting behavior in normally silent cells together with an increased inactivation of the delayed outward current and induced or enhanced anomalous rectification.  相似文献   

Microbial biomass and activity in pine litter in the presence of Tomocerus minor (Insecta,Collembola)     

J. H. Faber  A. Teuben  M. P. Berg  P. Doelman 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1992,12(4):233-240

Summary Laboratory microcosms were used to study microbial populations and biomasses developing in fragmented litter of Pinus nigra Arnold var. nigra (A. et G.). Direct observations (fungal standing crop and fluorescein-stainable mycelia), litter enzyme analyses (cellulase and dehydrogenase), and measurements by physiological methods (microbial CO₂ production and total microbial, fungal, and bacterial viable biomasses) were made at 3-week intervals for 15 weeks. Most variables showed great changes during this period, which were ascribed to a rise in litter moisture content during the initial phase of the experiment, and to substrate depletion towards its final phase. The addition of the collembolan Tomocerus minor (Lubbock) for 1 week enhanced cellulase activities by 4%. When the animals were introduced after 6 weeks, the fungal standing crop was enhanced, and the percentage of fluorescein-stainable mycelia was reduced. Dehydrogenase activity was increased by grazing when the microbial population had been established for 9 weeks or longer. Eucaryotic and procaryotic substrate-induced respiration were positively correlated, which was explained by partial segregation of resources for the two groups. Litter cellulase and dehydrogenase activity showed correlations by other techniques, indicating their suitability as parameters for microbial activity in general, and for the collembolan grazing impact on microbial activity in particular.  相似文献   

Galactoglucomannan Oligosaccharides (GGMO) from a molasses byproduct of pine ( Pinus taeda ) fiberboard production     

Price NP  Hartman TM  Faber TA  Vermillion KE  Fahey GC 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(5):1854-1861

"Temulose" is the trade name for a water-soluble molasses produced on a large scale (300-400 tonnes per year) as a byproduct of the fiberboard industry. The feedstock for Temulose is predominantly a single species of pine ( Pinus taeda ) grown and harvested in stands in southeastern Texas. Because of the method of production, the molasses was predicted to consist of water-soluble hemicelluloses, mainly arabinoxylan-type and galactoglucomannan-type oligosaccharides, plus minor components of lignin, but no detailed structural study had been reported. The structure and composition of the molasses has now been deduced by a combination of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, size exclusion chromatography, proton and (13)C NMR techniques, and classic carbohydrate analysis. Limited acid hydrolysis released a series of galactoglucomannan oligosaccharides (GGMO) that were selectively recovered from the acid-labile arabinogalactan by precipitation with ethanol. The precipitate was named "Temulose brown sugar" because of its appearance, and is shown to consist of GGMO with a degree of polymerization (DP) from 4 to 13, with the major component being DP 5-8. The structure of these oligosaccharides is a β-1,4-linked backbone of Man and Glc residues, with occasional α-1,6 branching by single galactosyl units.  相似文献   

In vitro digestion and fermentation characteristics of temulose molasses, a coproduct of fiberboard production, and select temulose fractions using canine fecal inoculum     

Faber TA  Bauer LL  Price NP  Hopkins AC  Fahey GC 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(5):1847-1853

It is of interest to discover new fermentable carbohydrate sources that function as prebiotics. This study evaluated the hydrolytic digestibility, fermentative capacity, and microbiota modulating properties of Temulose molasses, four hydrolyzed fractions of Temulose molasses, short-chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOS), and a yeast cell wall preparation (Safmannan). These substrates resisted in vitro hydrolytic digestion. Each substrate was fermented in vitro using dog fecal inoculum, and fermentation characteristics were quantified at 0 and 12 h. All Temulose molasses substrates decreased pH by at least 0.64 unit and resulted in greater (P < 0.05) butyrate and total short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production compared to scFOS and Safmannan. Temulose molasses substrates resulted in higher (P < 0.01) or equal Bifidobacterium spp. concentrations compared to scFOS. Temulose molasses substrate and its fractions demonstrated prebiotic characteristics as indicated by low hydrolytic digestibility, high fermentability, and enhanced growth of microbiota considered to be beneficial to health.  相似文献   

Dietary management of renal senescence and failure in dogs     

DS KRONFELD 《Australian veterinary journal》1994,71(10):328-331

SUMMARY The need for dietary management of renal senescence and the beginning of chronic renal failure should be evaluated in all middle-aged dogs. One survey found that 35% were overweight and 10% underweight; another that 25% were mildly azotaemic, with 5% showing slight clinical signs of chronic renal failure. Dogs in prime condition or overweight are candidates for a diet low in energy (for example 3.0–3.3 kcal/g dry matter, DM), but thin dogs need a higher caloric density (such as 4.0–4.5 kcal/g DM). Healthy older dogs need higher dietary protein than the minimum for maintenance (about 20% on a metabolisable energy basis, ME) of young mature dogs. Thin older dogs showing signs of renal insufficiency may benefit from moderate protein and near-minimal phosphorus in the diet. In dogs with chronic renal failure, clinical, haematological and biochemical responses to the combination of low protein (13–16% ME) and low phosphorus (0.4% DM) were positive in one clinical trial but not in three others. Only beneficial responses, such as less proteinuria, less renal impairment and lower mortality, have been reported for diets containing low phosphorus and moderate protein (20–31% ME). Individual dietary goals for energy, protein and phosphorus should be chosen for each middle-aged or older dog; these goals may be met by a single product or mixtures of products.  相似文献   

Effects of calcium and magnesium intakes and feeding level during the dry period on bone resorption in dairy cows at parturition     

A E Van de Braak  A T Van't Klooster  S A Goedegebuure  J A Faber 《Research in veterinary science》1987,43(1):7-12

A study was made of the influence of low and high calcium intakes at two feeding levels (experiments 1 and 2), and of different magnesium intakes (experiment 3) during the dry period, on the cellular resorptive activity in bone of dairy cows at parturition. In experiment 1 (26 cows) the feed intake was 1.12 times maintenance and the calcium intake was either 13.0 g d-1 or 83.5 g d-1. In experiment 2 (33 cows) the feed intake was 1.9 times maintenance and the calcium intake was either 26.4 g d-1 or 87.2 g d-1. In experiment 3 the cows feed intake was 1.4 times maintenance, the calcium intake was 71 to 72 g d-1 and the magnesium intake was either 16.6 g d-1 or 71.0 g d-1. Bone biopsies were taken from the tuber coxae between three and eight hours after parturition. In experiment 1 the cellular resorptive activity in bone from older cows was higher in the cows receiving the low calcium diet. In experiment 2 the differences between the bone resorptive activities of the two groups were small. In experiment 3 the bone resorptive activity was lower in the cows with a deficient supply of magnesium. There were significant relationships in young cows, but not in older cows, between the cellular resorptive activity in bone and the rate of calcium mobilisation measured biochemically. These results suggest that in older dairy cows bone resorption makes only a minor contribution to the total rate of calcium mobilisation at parturition and is therefore of minor importance for the prevention of periparturient hypocalcaemia.  相似文献   

Letters to the editor     

Faber BL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1974,185(4153):734-735

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Comparative Development of Embryonic Age by Organogenesis in Domestic Dogs and Cats          下载免费PDF全文

NCG Pieri  AF Souza  JB Casals  KCS Roballo  CE Ambrósio  DS Martins 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2015,50(4):625-631

The precise determination of the embryonic chronology is very important in reproductive biotechnologies, especially in estimating embryonic age. Thus, there is a need for greater knowledge and standardization for determining the chronology of embryonic development and functional morphology. We describe aspects of embryonic development in two domestic carnivores to add knowledge about organ peculiarities and for application in veterinary practice, in prenatal development and in the biotechnology fields. We found that the development of differential characteristics of embryonic organs occurs in the first trimester of pregnancy for both species. Thus, using the combination of the crown‐rump length, macroscopic analysis and optical microscopy, it is possible to predict gestational age more precisely in animals that lack a defined breed and establish an embryonic pattern.  相似文献   

Borehole Temperatures and a Baseline for 20th-Century Global Warming Estimates     

RN Harris  DS Chapman 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1997,275(5306):1618-1621

Lack of a 19th-century baseline temperature against which 20th-century warming can be referenced constitutes a deficiency in understanding recent climate change. Combination of borehole temperature profiles, which contain a memory of surface temperature changes in previous centuries, with the meteorological archive of surface air temperatures can provide a 19th-century baseline temperature tied to the current observational record. A test case in Utah, where boreholes are interspersed with meteorological stations belonging to the Historical Climatological Network, yields a noise reduction in estimates of 20th-century warming and a baseline temperature that is 0.6° ± 0.1°C below the 1951 to 1970 mean temperature for the region.  相似文献   

Drenching adult ewes: Implications of anthelmintic treatments pre- and post-lambing on the development of anthelmintic resistance     

DM Leathwick  CM Miller  DS Atkinson  NA Haack  RA Alexander  A-M Oliver 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(6):297-304

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