胶州湾鱼类群落优势种组成的时空变化   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3  

沃佳  徐宾铎  薛莹  任一平  张崇良 《中国水产科学》2017,24(5):1091-1098

优势种对群落结构有明显的控制作用,但优势度作为一个综合指标在不同时空尺度下的变异性常常被忽略。根据2008―2012年在胶州湾进行的渔业资源调查数据,以相对重要性指数(index of relative importance,IRI)表征鱼类种类优势度,应用bootstrap和多元线性回归模型(the multiple linear regression model)等方法分析了该海域的优势种组成及其在年份、季节、海区间的变化。结果表明,优势种有明显更替,六丝钝尾虾虎鱼(Chaeturichthys hexanema)和方氏云鳚(Pholis fangi)等小型底层鱼类更替为主要优势种,2008―2012年间分别占总渔获量的9.79%和10.71%,优势度分别为3285和2068;优势种存在明显季节变化,春季为方氏云鳚,夏季为细条天竺鲷(Apogonichthys lineatus),秋季和冬季是六丝钝尾虾虎鱼;空间上,湾口和湾内优势种组成相似,与湾外差异较大。多元线性回归分析表明,主要优势种中方氏云鳚优势度逐年升高,而六丝钝尾虾虎鱼相对下降,年际差异极显著(P0.01),呈现明显的群落演替过程。优势度主要受洄游产卵、水温、底质类型、水深以及饵料生物等因素的综合影响。  相似文献   

太湖地区水稻土大孔隙的CT扫描分析与灰色关联评价     

沃飞  陈效民  方堃  吴华山 《土壤》2008,40(2):319-326

利用CT扫描技术分析了太湖地区3种典型水稻土(白土、黄泥土和乌栅土)中大孔隙的孔隙度、大孔隙数量、孔隙平均面积和孔隙等效直径的变异系数在不同深度的分布情况及影响因素.结合灰色关联理论,定量地说明在不同深度下发生大孔隙优先流的难易程度及决定因素.结果表明:表层大孔隙优先流的形成能力最强,并随着深度加大呈波浪式下降趋势且变化平缓.在0～55 cm深度,黄泥土大孔隙优先流的形成能力最强,乌栅土其次,白土最弱;55 cm以下,无法明显区分出3种土壤这种能力的强弱.乌栅土地区地下水受到污染的潜在危险最大.大孔隙度和等效直径的变异系数对优先流的产生影响最大.  相似文献   

Population Genetic Analysis of a Global Collection of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, Causal Agent of Tan Spot of Wheat     

Friesen TL  Ali S  Klein KK  Rasmussen JB 《Phytopathology》2005,95(10):1144-1150

ABSTRACT The work presented here is the first major study to analyze the genetic diversity within the worldwide population of the economically important wheat pathogen Pyrenophora tritici-repentis. The genetic structure of field populations of P. tritici-repentis was determined using amplified fragment length polymorphism markers along with sequence data from the internal transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal DNA. Ninetyseven fungal isolates were collected from naturally infected wheat and wild grass species. The collection of 97 P. tritici-repentis isolates included races 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ND7, and ND8 and was collected from North America, South America, and Europe. Results show no genetic grouping of fungal races nor do results indicate grouping based on geographic location indicating that the population is preferentially outcrossing in nature and that the introduction and spread of this population is either relatively recent or that there has been a constant worldwide flow of this fungus possibly by seed movement between continents.  相似文献   

Effect of dietary L-carnitine on growth performance and body composition in nursery and growing-finishing pigs.     

K Q Owen  J L Nelssen  R D Goodband  M D Tokach  K G Friesen 《Journal of animal science》2001,79(6):1509-1515

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of dietary L-carnitine on growth performance and carcass composition of nursery and growing-finishing pigs. In Exp. 1,216 weanling pigs (initially 4.9 kg and 19 to 23 d of age) were used in a 35-d growth trial. Pigs were blocked by weight in a randomized complete block design (six pigs per pen and six pens per treatment). Four barrows and four gilts were used to determine initial carcass composition. L-Carnitine replaced ground corn in the control diets to provide 250, 500, 750, 1,000, or 1,250 ppm. On d 35, three barrows and three gilts per treatment (one pig/block) were killed to provide carcass compositions. L-Carnitine had no effect (P > 0.10) on growth, percentages of carcass CP and lipid, or daily protein accretion. However, daily lipid accretion tended to decrease and then return to values similar to those for control pigs (quadratic P < 0.10) with increasing dietary L-carnitine. In Exp. 2, 96 crossbred pigs (initially 34.0 kg BW) were used to investigate the effect of increasing dietary L-carnitine in growing-finishing pigs. Pigs (48 barrows and 48 gilts) were blocked by weight and sex in a randomized complete block design (two pigs/pen and eight pens/treatment). Dietary L-carnitine replaced cornstarch in the control diet to provide 25, 50, 75, 100, and 125 ppm in grower (34 to 56.7 kg; 1.0% lysine) and finisher (56.7 to 103 kg; 0.80% lysine) diets. At 103 kg, one pig/pen was slaughtered, and standard carcass measurements were obtained. Dietary L-carnitine did not influence growth performance (P > 0.10). However, increasing dietary carnitine decreased average and tenth-rib back-fat (quadratic, P < 0.10 and 0.05), and increased percentage lean and daily CP accretion rate (quadratic, P < 0.05). Break point analysis projected the optimal dosage to be between 49 and 64 ppm of L-carnitine for these carcass traits. It is concluded that dietary carnitine fed during the nursery or growing-finishing phase had no effect on growth performance; however, feeding 49 to 64 ppm of L-carnitine during the growing-finishing phase increased CP accretion and decreased tenth-rib backfat.  相似文献   

ARTIFICIALLY INDUCED CROSSING-OVER IN MALES OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER     

Friesen H 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1933,78(2031):513-514

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Neuronal generation of the leech swimming movement   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

G S Stent  W B Kristan  W O Friesen  C A Ort  M Poon  R L Calabrese 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1978,200(4348):1348-1357

The swimming movement of the leech is produced by an ensemble of bilaterally symmetric, rhythmically active pairs of motor neurons present in each segmental ganglion of the ventral nerve cord. These motor neurons innervate the longitudinal muscles in dorsal or ventral sectors of the segmental body wall. Their duty cycles are phase-locked in a manner such that the dorsal and ventral body wall sectors of any given segment undergo an antiphasic contractile rhythm and that the contractile rhythms of different segments form a rostrocaudal phase progression. This activity rhythm is imposed on the motor neurons by a central swim oscillator, of which four bilaterally symmetric pairs of interneurons present in each segmental ganglion appear to constitute the major component. These interneurons are linked intra- and intersegmentally via inhibitory connections to form a segmentally iterated and inter-segmentally concatenated cyclic neuronal network. The network appears to owe its oscillatory activity pattern to the mechanism of recurrent cyclic inhibition.  相似文献   

Clinical findings for dogs undergoing elective and nonelective cholecystectomies for gall bladder mucoceles     

S. L. Friesen  D. A. Upchurch  D. L. Hollenbeck  J. K. Roush 《The Journal of small animal practice》2021,62(7):547-553

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灌溉量对科尔沁沙地紫花苜蓿土壤速效养分分布及淋失的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李天琦  林志玲  卢轩  黄佳媛  杨宁  沃野  高凯  柳小妮  王显国 《草地学报》2021,29(7):1454-1461

为探讨科尔沁沙地紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.）适宜灌溉量,本研究以指针式喷灌机下建植两年紫花苜蓿为试验材料,根据联合国粮农组织推荐的Penman-Monteith方法,以日为步长计算紫花苜蓿实际需水量（ETc）,并基于ETc设置4个灌溉水平W1（60% ETc）,W2（80% ETc）,W3（100% ETc）,W4（120% ETc）,研究不同灌溉量对科尔沁沙地紫花苜蓿土壤速效养分分布、残留和淋失的影响。结果表明：不同灌溉量处理下,土壤速效养分剖面分部存在明显差异,碱解氮、速效钾出现明显累积峰;碱解氮、速效钾残留量随灌溉量增加逐渐降低,W1处理下碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾残留量最高;碱解氮、速效钾淋失量随灌溉量增加逐渐增加,W4处理下碱解氮、速效钾淋失量最大,W2处理下有效磷淋失量最大。综合比较各个处理,W3处理下土壤速效养分的残留量、淋失量结果优于其他处理,因此建议生育期内采用100% ET_c的灌溉水平进行灌溉。  相似文献   

Isotope methods for assessing plant available phosphorus in acid tropical soils     

S. Bühler  A. Oberson  S. Sinaj  D. K. Friesen  & E. Frossard 《European Journal of Soil Science》2003,54(3):605-616

Use of isotope methods to measure the availability of phosphorus (P) in soils that are well supplied with P is well established. We have evaluated such methods for acid tropical soils with very small P contents, which are less well studied. The isotopically exchangeable P in soil suspensions (E value) and that in plant growth experiments (L value) were measured in soils that had received varying amounts of P fertilizer in two field experiments in Colombia. We determined the E values over 4–5 weeks of equilibration allowing for the kinetics of isotope exchange. The decrease in radioactivity in the soil solution at a particular time, t, divided by that at the start (r_t/R) was described by three parameters (r₁/R, r_∞/R, and a coefficient n) derived from the time course of isotopic exchange over 100 minutes. Values of E_t were calculated either from measured values of r_t/R or those extrapolated until 12 weeks. Agrostis capillaris was grown on the same soils labelled with carrier‐free ³³P‐orthophosphate ions to obtain L values. Agreement between E values derived from measured and extrapolated values of r_t/R was satisfactory, but errors in n and r_∞/R limited the precision with which we could estimate E values. For most soils, the P concentrations in the soil solution were greater than the detection limit of the malachite green method (0.9 µg l^?1) but smaller than its quantification limit (3.6 µg l^?1). In the soils with the least available P, the P content of the seed limited the determination of the L value. The E values were strongly correlated, but not identical, with the L values measured for the same time of isotopic exchange. We conclude that these approaches are not precise enough to detect in these soils the ability of a plant to access slowly exchangeable forms of P or to quantify the mineralization of organic P. However, these isotope techniques can be used to estimate the total fraction of added fertilizer P that remains available to the plants.  相似文献   

Melanesian Economy on The Periphery: Migration and Village Economy in Choiseul     

Wardlow Friesen 《Asia Pacific viewpoint》1993,34(2):193-214

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