The confidential enquiry into perioperative equine fatalities (CEPEF): mortality results of Phases 1 and 2   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

GM Johnston  JK Eastment  JLN Wood  & PM Taylor 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2002,29(4):159-170

Objectives To document the equine perioperative mortality rate and to highlight any factor associated with an increased risk of death up to 7 days after anaesthesia. Study design A prospective observational epidemiological multicentre study. Methods Data were recorded from all equidae undergoing general anaesthesia in 62 clinics. Power calculations indicated that 45 000 cases were required to detect the significance of important variables. Details of each horse, operation, anaesthetic agents and clinic personnel were recorded. Outcome at 7 days was recorded as: alive, put to sleep (PTS) or dead. Data were analysed by a standard multilevel logistic regression approach, considering the effects of clustering at the level of clinic. Results Data were collected from 41 824 cases over 6 years. A total of 39 025 (93.3%) were alive on day 7 and 785 were dead giving an overall death rate of 1.9% (95% CI: 1.8–2.0) and 2014 (4.8%) were PTS. About 5846 horses undergoing emergency abdominal surgeries (‘colics’) were excluded from subsequent analyses. A total of 35 107 ‘noncolic’ horses were alive at 7 days and 328 dead giving a death rate for noncolics of 0.9% (95% CI: 0.8–1.0). Five hundred and forty‐three (1.5%) noncolic horses classified PTS were excluded from further analyses. There were 109 (33%) deaths from cardiac arrest or post‐operative cardiovascular collapse, with 107 (32%) from fractures and myopathies. Fracture repair, out of hours surgery, and age below 1 month was associated with increased risk of dying whereas the use of acepromazine and intravenous anaesthetic agent maintenance of anaesthesia was associated with reduced risk. Conclusions A number of potential contributors to the high risk of anaesthetic‐related mortality have been identified. Further investigation of the underlying mechanism for their apparent harmful effects and development of alternative techniques is merited.  相似文献   

Editorial     

PM Taylor 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2002,29(4):157-158

  相似文献   

Comparison of two sampling techniques for the detection of Malassezia pachydermatis on the skin of dogs with chronic dermatitis     

Omodo-Eluk AJ  Baker KP  Fuller H 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2003,165(2):119-124

Adhesive tape strip and dry swab sampling techniques were compared for the detection of Malassezia pachydermatis on the skin of dogs with chronic dermatitis. One hundred and four dogs were sampled by each of the techniques. Two methods, a culture method and a stain method, were used to assess the sampling techniques. By the adhesive tape strip sampling technique, M. pachydermatis was detected on 83 (80%) dogs using the culture method and on 45 (43%) dogs using the stain method. By the dry swab sampling technique, M. pachydermatis was detected on 55 (53%) dogs using the culture method and on 33 (32%) dogs using the stain method. The study showed that the adhesive tape strip sampling technique, using the culture method, detected Malassezia on the skin of significantly more dogs (P<0.001) than the same technique using the stain method and also significantly more than the dry swab sampling technique, using either the culture or stain methods. It was also shown that an adhesive tape sample could be used to transfer cells to a slide for staining and microscopy prior to being used for culturing Malassezia.  相似文献   

Comparison of three markers for the determination of bacterial protein in terminal ileal digesta in the growing pig     

W. Miner‐Williams  P. J. Moughan  M. F. Fuller 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2013,97(5):951-959

The aim of the study was to compare three methods commonly used to determine the concentrations of bacterial protein in digesta collected from the terminal ileum of growing pigs that had been fed a casein‐based diet. The amounts of bacterial protein in terminal ileal digesta were determined using three different markers: 2.6‐diaminopimelic acid (DAPA) and the d ‐amino acids, d ‐aspartic acid (d ‐Asp) and d ‐glutamic acid (d ‐Glu). The effectiveness of each marker was compared against a control based on physical fractionation by centrifugation. The total bacterial protein concentrations derived from the markers d ‐Asp and d ‐Glu were significantly different (p = 0.05) to those calculated from DAPA and the control, but there was no difference between DAPA and the control. The percentage of bacterial nitrogen ranged from 40% to 52% dependent on the marker used. Bacterial protein expressed as a percentage of the total protein, ranged from 48% to 62%, a substantial proportion of which (12–28%) was derived from lysed bacterial cells. Statistical correlations between the estimation methods were low. Such poor correlation between the markers may be the result of random errors such as variance in the epimerization of the two d ‐amino acids during protein hydrolysis. DAPA was accepted as a reliable marker for determining microbial protein in ileal digesta.  相似文献   

Effect of trotting velocity on work patterns of the hind limbs of Greyhounds     

Colborne GR  Walker AM  Tattersall AJ  Fuller CJ 《American journal of veterinary research》2006,67(8):1293-1298

OBJECTIVE: To quantify the effects of trotting velocity on joint angular excursions, net joint moments, and powers across the hind limb joints in Greyhounds. ANIMALS: 5 healthy Greyhounds with no history of lameness of the hind limbs. PROCEDURES: Small reflective markers were applied to the skin over the joints of the hind limbs, and a 4-camera kinematic system was used to record positional data at 200 Hz in tandem with force platform data while the dogs trotted on a runway at slow, medium, and fast velocities. Breed-specific morphometric data were combined with kinematic and force data in an inverse-dynamics solution for net joint moments and powers at the hip, stifle, tarsal, and metatarsophalangeal joints. RESULTS: Angle, moment, and power patterns at the various joints were conserved among the 3 velocities. With increasing velocity, moments and powers at the tarsal, stifle, and hip joints during the stance phase were increased in amplitude, whereas amplitudes during the swing phase were not. The main contributors to increased velocity were the hip extensors and stifle flexors during the early part of the stance phase and the tarsal extensors during the late part of the stance phase. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Increases in trotting velocity in Greyhounds do not alter the basic patterns of work and power for various joints of the hind limbs, but local burst amplitudes during the stance phase increase incrementally.  相似文献   

Uterine biology in pigs and sheep   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

FW Bazer  G Song  J Kim  KA Dunlap  MC Satterfield  GA Johnson  RC Burghardt  G Wu 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2012,3(1):23-21

ABSTRACT: There is a dialogue between the developing conceptus (embryo-fetus and associated placental membranes) and maternal uterus which must be established during the peri-implantation period for pregnancy recognition signaling, implantation, regulation of gene expression by uterine epithelial and stromal cells, placentation and exchange of nutrients and gases. The uterus provide a microenvironment in which molecules secreted by uterine epithelia or transported into the uterine lumen represent histotroph required for growth and development of the conceptus and receptivity of the uterus to implantation. Pregnancy recognition signaling mechanisms sustain the functional lifespan of the corpora lutea (CL) which produce progesterone, the hormone of pregnancy essential for uterine functions that support implantation and placentation required for a successful outcome of pregnancy. It is within the peri-implantation period that most embryonic deaths occur due to deficiencies attributed to uterine functions or failure of the conceptus to develop appropriately, signal pregnancy recognition and/or undergo implantation and placentation. With proper placentation, the fetal fluids and fetal membranes each have unique functions to ensure hematotrophic and histotrophic nutrition in support of growth and development of the fetus. The endocrine status of the pregnant female and her nutritional status are critical for successful establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. This review addresses the complexity of key mechanisms that are characteristic of successful reproduction in sheep and pigs and gaps in knowledge that must be the subject of research in order to enhance fertility and reproductive health of livestock species.  相似文献   

Characterization of tree-to-tree variation in morphological,nutritional and medicinal properties of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Canarium indicum</Emphasis> nuts     

Roger Leakey  Steve Fuller  Tony Treloar  Lesley Stevenson  Denise Hunter  Tio Nevenimo  Jeffrey Binifa  John Moxon 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,73(1):77-87

As part of a feasibility study of the commercialization potential of C. indicum nuts as Agroforestry Tree Products in Papua New Guinea, preliminary characterization studies have examined the tree-to-tree variation in morphological traits (nut and kernel mass and kernel:nut ratio), as well as nutritional (carbohydrate, fat, protein, sodium, vitamin E) and medicinal traits (anti-oxidant activity, anti-inflammatory activity and phenolic content) of kernels from 18 to 72 trees in a small number of different villages of Papua New Guinea (East New Britain Province). There was continuous variation in these traits indicating opportunities for multiple trait cultivar development targeted at food and pharmaceutical markets. Certain traits, for example anti-inflammatory activity, in which tree-to-tree variation was highly significant, present greater opportunities than others, such as saturated:unsaturated fatty acid ratio. This intraspecific variation was greater within populations than between populations. The data presented has allowed the development of a strategy to domesticate C. indicum for cultivation in homegardens and cocoa–coconut agroforests, using a participatory approach aimed at the production of agroforestry tree products (AFTPs) to empower small-holders and enhance their livelihoods and income.  相似文献   

Ultrasound and computed tomography of the iliosacral lymphatic centre in dogs with anal sac gland carcinoma          下载免费PDF全文

R. E. Pollard  M. C. Fuller  M. A. Steffey 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2017,15(2):299-306

In this prospective study, we hypothesized that computed tomography (CT) would identify more normal and abnormal iliosacral lymph nodes (LNs) than abdominal ultrasound in dogs with anal sac gland carcinoma (ASGC). Twelve client‐owned dogs with ASGC but without distant metastasis were enrolled. Abdominal ultrasound and contrast‐enhanced CT scans of the abdomen were obtained. Iliosacral LNs were counted and assessed for location, laterality and size. Significantly (P < 0.00001) more iliosacral LNs were identified with CT (61) than ultrasound (30), including significantly (P = 0.00012) more medial iliac LNs with CT (33) than ultrasound (19). There was no difference in number of internal iliac LNs identified with CT versus ultrasound. Significantly (P = 0.000061) more sacral LNs were identified with CT (15) than ultrasound (0). Ultrasound identified slightly more (7) abnormal iliosacral LNs than CT (5). Contrast CT was able to identify more normal but not more abnormal LNs than ultrasound.  相似文献   

Vegetation Composition and Nutritional Quality of Forage for Gazelles in Eastern Mongolia     

Kirk A. Olson  Martyn G. Murray  Todd K. Fuller 《Strength and Conditioning Journal》2010,63(5):593-598

Mongolia’s Eastern Steppe is one of the largest remaining temperate grassland ecosystems and is habitat for Mongolian gazelles (Procapra gutturosa). During four surveys, we quantified vegetation composition, forage quality, and trace elements to gain insights on characteristics of forage that could be influencing how gazelles are distributed across the steppe. Grasses made up between 57% and 68% of all species, Stipa spp. (24–42% of all grasses) being the most abundant. Forbs made up 6% to 23% of all species with Allium spp. (11–44% of all forbs) the most abundant. The shrubs and dwarf shrubs were least common (7% and 12% of all species) with Artemisia frigida Willd. (18% and 47% of all shrubs) most common. Spring crude protein values of green vegetation averaged 21.9%. Considered an important forage for gazelles, Stipa spp. was below optimum value in phosphorous (P) and magnesium (Mg). The forbs Allium spp. and Astragalus spp. and the dwarf shrub Artemisia frigida had some of the highest crude protein contents and were above optimum for all important elements (except P in Astragalus). Calcium (Ca) and the Ca:P ratio were above optimal at nearly all sites surveyed. Phosphorus levels in vegetation were 96% of minimum requirements for ungulates at maintenance whereas magnesium and calcium were 113% and 145% of minimum requirements for ungulates, respectively. Magnesium and phosphorous were below values considered optimal for lactation and bone development at 78% and 71% of sites, respectively. Gazelles likely satisfy their nutrient requirements by selectively foraging on species that contain high concentrations of critical minerals. During periods of peak demands, particularly calving and postcalving periods, regions with a high abundance of forbs commonly occurring in gazelle diets (Allium and Astragalus) might be of greater value to lactating females and growing calves and, therefore, sought out.  相似文献   

Sensitivity of boreal forest carbon balance to soil thaw   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

ML Goulden  SC Wofsy  JW Harden  SE Trumbore  PM Crill  ST Gower  T Fries  BC Daube  S Fan  DJ Sutton  A Bazzaz  JW Munger 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,279(5348):214-217

We used eddy covariance; gas-exchange chambers; radiocarbon analysis; wood, moss, and soil inventories; and laboratory incubations to measure the carbon balance of a 120-year-old black spruce forest in Manitoba, Canada. The site lost 0.3 +/- 0.5 metric ton of carbon per hectare per year (ton C ha-1 year-1) from 1994 to 1997, with a gain of 0.6 +/- 0.2 ton C ha-1 year-1 in moss and wood offset by a loss of 0.8 +/- 0.5 ton C ha-1 year-1 from the soil. The soil remained frozen most of the year, and the decomposition of organic matter in the soil increased 10-fold upon thawing. The stability of the soil carbon pool ( approximately 150 tons C ha-1) appears sensitive to the depth and duration of thaw, and climatic changes that promote thaw are likely to cause a net efflux of carbon dioxide from the site.  相似文献