Blastocladia and aqualinderella: fermentative water molds with high carbon dioxide optima     

Held AA  Emerson R  Fuller MS  Gleason FH 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1969,165(3894):706-708

The uniflagellate aquatic phycomycete Blastocladia ramosa appears to be a facultative anaerobe. Blastocladia pringsheimii requires traces of oxygen. Growth of both species is no greater or only slightly greater at normal atmospheric oxygen pressure than under 0.2 percent oxygen pressure, but their growth is enhanced by the addition of 5 or 20 percent carbon dioxide. The cells of both species lack typical cristate mitochondria and contain only traces of cytochrome. Blastocladia resembles the biflagellate Aqualinderella fermentans in adaptation to an environment poor in oxygen and rich in carbon dioxide.  相似文献   

HIV-1 reverse transcriptase is a target for cytotoxic T lymphocytes in infected individuals   总被引：30，自引：0，他引：30  

B D Walker  C Flexner  T J Paradis  T C Fuller  M S Hirsch  R T Schooley  B Moss 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1988,240(4848):64-66

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Airborne lidar measurements of the soufriere eruption of 17 april 1979     

Fuller WH  Sokol S  Hunt WH 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1982,216(4550):1113-1115

At the time of the Soufriere, St. Vincent, volcanic eruption of 17 April 1979, a NASA P-3 aircraft with an uplooking lidar (light detection and ranging) system onboard was airborne 130 kilometers east of the island. Lidar measurements of the fresh volcanic ash were made approximately 2 hours after the eruption, 120 kilometers to the northeast and east. On the evening of 18 April, the airborne lidar, on a southerly flight track, detected significant amounts of stratospheric material in layers at 16, 17, 18, and 19.5 kilometers. These data, and measurements to the north on 19 April, indicate that the volcanic plume penetrated the stratosphere to an altitude of about 20 kilometers and moved south during the first 48 hours after the eruption.  相似文献   

Feeding schedule alteration of daily rhythm in tyrosine alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase of rat liver     

Fuller RW  Snoddy HD 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1968,159(3816):738

Liver tyrosine alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase has a daily rhythm such that in rats fed on an unrestricted basis the activity is highest at approximately 11:00 p.m. In contrast, rats fed only from 8:00 a.m. to noon show a markedly different rhythm in the enzyme, with maximum activity at 11:00 a.m. Controlling the time of food intake seems to be a useful means of studying the mechanism of the daily changes in this enzyme.  相似文献   

Incorporating uncertainty about species’ potential distributions under climate change into the selection of conservation areas with a case study from the Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska     

Trevon Fuller  Sahotra Sarkar 《Biological conservation》2008,141(6):1547-1559

This analysis presents a conservation planning framework for decisions under uncertainty and applies it to the Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska. Uncertainty arises from variable distributional shifts of species’ ranges due to climate change. The planning framework consists of a two-stage optimization model that selects a nominal conservation area network in the first stage and evaluates its performance under the climate scenarios in the second stage. The model is applied to eleven at-risk species in Alaska including the threatened Spectacled Eider and Steller’s Eider sea ducks and the polar bear. The 109th United States Congress and 2008 federal budget proposed opening for oil and gas development the “1002 Area” of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, which intersects the Plain. This analysis finds that, if Arctic Alaska experiences 1.5 °C of warming by 2040 (as predicted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s A2 scenario), then potential habitat will decrease significantly for eight of these at-risk species, including the polar bear. This analysis also shows that there is synergism between oil and gas development and climate change. For instance, climate change accompanied by no development of the 1002 Area results in an increase of potential habitat for Steller’s Eider. However, if development accompanies climate change, then there is a 20% decrease in that area. Further, this analysis quantifies the tradeoff between development and maintenance of suitable habitat for at-risk species.  相似文献   

Improved approach for analyzing bromophenols in seafood using stable isotope dilution analysis in combination with SPME     

Fuller SC  Frank DC  Fitzhenry MJ  Smyth HE  Poole SE 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(18):8248-8254

An analytical method for the measurement of five naturally occurring bromophenols of sensory relevance in seafood (barramundi and prawns) is presented. The method combines simultaneous distillation-extraction followed by alkaline back extraction of a hexane extract and subsequent acetylation of the bromophenols. Analysis of the bromophenol acetates was accomplished by headspace solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using selected ion monitoring. The addition of (13)C 6 bromophenol stable isotope internal standards for each of the five congeners studied permitted the accurate quantitation of 2-bromophenol, 4-bromophenol, 2,6-dibromophenol, 2,4-dibromophenol, and 2,4,6-tribromophenol down to a limit of quantification of 0.05 ng/g of fish flesh. The method indicated acceptable precision and repeatability and excellent linearity over the typical concentration range of these compounds in seafood (0.5-50 ng/g). The analytical method was applied to determine the concentration of bromophenols in a range of farmed and wild barramundi and prawns and was also used to monitor bromophenol uptake in a pilot feeding trial.  相似文献   

The intra- and inter-assessor reliability of measurement of functional outcome by lameness scoring in horses     

Fuller CJ  Bladon BM  Driver AJ  Barr AR 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2006,171(2):281-286

The objective of this study was to assess the reliability of lameness scoring in horses. One veterinary surgeon examined nineteen lame horses on four occasions. Gait was recorded by camcorder, and scored from 0 to 10 ranging from sound to non-weight bearing lameness. A global score of overall change in lameness during the study was also determined for each horse. To measure intra-assessor reliability of the scoring systems, one veterinary surgeon scored videotapes of the horses' gaits on two occasions. To measure inter-assessor reliability, three veterinary surgeons viewed the videotapes, assigning individual lameness scores plus global scores to each horse. Reliability of individual lameness scoring was good intra-assessor, but only just within our acceptable limit inter-assessor. However, global scoring of change in lameness throughout the study was found to be reliable overall. Since clinician scoring is commonly used to assess lameness in horses, this is an important finding, fundamental to future clinical studies.  相似文献   

Horizontal movements,utilization distributions,and mixing rates of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) tagged and released with archival tags in six discrete areas of the eastern and central Pacific Ocean     

Kurt M. Schaefer  Daniel W. Fuller 《Fisheries Oceanography》2022,31(1):84-107

A total of 1522 yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares, were captured, tagged, and released with surgically implanted archival tags (ATs), in six discrete areas of the eastern and central Pacific Ocean, during 2002 through 2019. Of 483 ATs returned (31.7%), 227 ATs from yellowfin (48–147 cm in fork length) at liberty from 32 to 1846 d ( = 300.1 d) provided suitable data sets which were processed using an unscented Kalman filter model with sea-surface temperature measurements integrated (UKFsst) in order to obtain most probable tracks and movement parameters. Although some differences were observed in the movement patterns for fish from within and among the six release areas, 99% of the 227 fish remained within 1000 M of their release locations, indicating limited dispersion and fidelity to release locations. The median movement parameter D, which defines dispersion from the UKFsst model, for the fish released in the offshore equatorial areas showed much greater dispersion rates compared to those for the fish released along the coast or around islands. The rates of mixing of yellowfin among the release areas were found to be dependent on the distances between release areas, with, in general, the greatest mixing occurring among areas in closest proximity, whereas for the two areas offshore Mexico and the two offshore equatorial areas, the rates of mixing were nonexistent or negligible.  相似文献