Differential Appearance of Interferon-γ and Colony Stimulating Activity in Afferent Versus Efferent Lymph following Orf Virus Infection of Sheep     

DAVID HAIG  GARY ENTRICAN  DAVID YIRRELL  DAVID DEANE  HUGH R. P. MILLER  MARY NORVAL†  HUGH W. REID 《Veterinary dermatology》1992,3(6):221-229

Abstract— Following dermal infection of previously sensitized sheep with orf virus, differences in cell phenotype and kinetics are observed in afferent lymph flowing into the local lymph node compared to efferent lymph exiting the node. Afferent lymphocytes in five out of six sheep synthesized IFN-γ (an indicator of T-cell activation) 10–30 h. after challenge, whereas none was synthesised by efferent lymphocytes until 4–11 days after infection when production was intermittent and variable. Both afferent (five out of six) and efferent (six out of seven) lymph plasmas contained IFN-γ at 10–30 h. but none was found in efferent lymph after 30 h. Colony stimulating activity (an indicator of immunoinflammatory responses) in both lymph compartments was biphasic peaking at 10–30 h. with a later peak which coincided with a lymphoblast response. The results are consistent with an early memory T-cell response in the dermis and afferent lymph followed by recruitment of antigen-specific lymphocytes from the blood, and activation within the node. Résumé— Après infection dermique de noutons préalablement sensibilisés ail virus de l'ecthyma contagieux, des differences de phénotype cellulaire et de cinétique ont été observés entre le flux lymphotique afférent au ganglion local et la lymphe quittant le ganglion. Les lymphocytes afférents chez cinq des six moutons synthétisaient de l'IFNγà 10–30 h mais aucun n'a été retrouvé dans la lymphe efférente à 30 h. L'activité de stimulation de colonie (un indicateur des réponses immunoinflammatoires) dans les deux compartiments lymphatiques suivait deux pics à 10 et 30 h avec un dernier pic qui coïncidait avec la réponse lymphoblastique. Les résultats sont compatibles avec une réponse précoce de cellules T mémoire dans le derme et les lymphatiques afférents suivie par le recrutement de lymphocytes spécifiques de l'antigène dans le sang, et leur activation dans les ganglions. Zusammenfassung— Nach einer dermalen Infektion von vorber sensibilisierten Schafen mit Orf Virus konnten Unterschiede im Zell Phänotyp und in der Kinetik der afferenten Lymphe (in den örtlichen Lymphknoten fließend) gegenüber der efferenten Lymphe (aus dem Lymphknoten abfließend) gemessen werden. Die afferenten Lymphozyten synthetisierten bei 5 von 6 Schafen IFN-y (ein Indikator der T-Zell Aktivierung) 10 bis 30 Stunden nach der Infektion, während keines von der efferenten Lymphozyten synthetisiert wurde; erst 4 bis 11 Tage nach der Infektion zeigte sich eine intermittierende und variable Produktion. Sowohl bie 5 von 6 afferenten wie bei 6 von 7 efferenten Proben enthielt das Lymphplasma IFN-y nach 10 bis 30 Studen, aber keines in den efferenten Proben nach 30 Studen. Die “Kolonie-stimulierende Akrivität” als ein Indikator für Immuminflammatorische Reaktionen zeigte in beiden Lympharten einen zweiphasigen Peak nach 10 bis 30 Stunden, wobei der spätere Peak mit der Lymphoblastenreaktion zusdammen fiel. Diese Ergebnisse sprechen für eine frühe Reaktion der Memory-T-Zellen in der Dermis und der afferenten Lymphe mit anschließender Rekrutierung Antigen-spezifischer Lymphozyten aus dem Blut und Aktivierung innerhalb des Lymphknotens. Resumen Después de la infección dérmica de ovejas previamente sensibilizadas con el virus Orf, se obsevaron las diferencias en el fenotipo y quinética celular de de los nódolus aferentes que desembocaban en los nódulos locales, comparados con los de tipo eferente. Los linfocitos aferentes de 5/6 ovejas sintetizaron IFN-y, (un indicador de la activación de los linfocitos T), después de 10–30 horas, pero no se encontró alguno en los linfocitos eferentes hasta los días 4–11 después de la infección, cuando la producción era intermitente y variable. Ambos plasmas linfocíticos, aferente (5/6) y eferente (6/7), contenían IFN-y a las 10–30 horas, pero no se encontró alguno en los eferentes hasta después de las 30 horas. En ambos compartimentos linfáticos la actividad estimulante de la colonia, (un indicador de respuesta inmunoinflamatoria), presentó un máximo de tipo bifásico a las 10–30 horas con otro máximo tardío, que coincidió con la respuesta de tipo linfoblástico. Los resultados corresponden con una respuesta de los linfocitos T de memora temprana en la dermis y los nódulos linfáticos aferentes, seguidos por un flujo de linfocitos antígeno-específicos procedentes de la sangre y activación dentro del nódulo linfático.  相似文献   

The dietary control of recurrent chronic dermatitis in a cocker spaniel; a case report     

FOSTER EN 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1959,134(4):189

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Distal Interphalangeal Joint Arthrodesis in Seven Cattle Using the Acutrak Plus Screw     

ANDREW J. LEWIS  DVM    GARY A. SOD  DVM  PhD    MARJORIE S. GILL  DVM  MS  Diplomate ABVP    COLIN F. MITCHELL  BVM&S  MS  Diplomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2009,38(5):659-663

Objectives— To report a technique for arthrodesis of the distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ) with two 6.5 mm Acutrak Plus (AP) compression screws from a solar approach and outcome in 7 cattle.
Study Design— Case series.
Animals— Cattle (n=7) with DIPJ arthritis.
Methods— Retrieved data from medical records of cattle that had undergone DIPJ arthrodesis using 2 AP screws via a solar approach were signalment, history, clinical signs, preoperative blood work, preoperative radiographs, complications, postoperative radiographs, and postoperative lameness evaluation. Outcomes, assessed by owner interview 6–26 months after surgery, were classified as excellent, good, or poor.
Results— Fusion of the DIPJ was evident by 6 months. All cattle returned to full function with minimal lameness and normal appearance to the distal aspect of the limb. Four thoracic limbs and 3 pelvic limbs were affected; 3 medial and 4 lateral claws. Complications included moderate lameness associated with implants (n=2) that resolved after screw removal.
Clinical Relevance— Use of the AP screw system in cattle is an excellent option for DIPJ arthrodesis with minimal postoperative morbidity and excellent return to function.  相似文献   

Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in the Dog An Experimental Study     

GAYLE S. DONNER DVM    GARY W. ELLISON DVM  MS  DiplomateACVs    NORMAN ACKERMAN DVM  DiplomateACVR    DAVID F. SENIOR BVSC  DipiomateACVIM  GREGORY CAMPBELL MS  DVM 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1987,16(6):411-417

Percutaneous nephrostomies (PN) were created with teflon fascial dilators under fluoroscopic guidance, to implant stones bilaterally into the renal pelves of five dogs weighing 7 to 35 kg. Between one and seven stones of 0.25 to 1.00 cm diameter were implanted into each renal pelvis. Two to 4 weeks later, PN tracts were recreated, and the implanted renal stones were successfully removed under fluoroscopic and endoscopic visualization. Results of gross and histopathologic evaluation of the kidneys 2, 7, 14, 30, and 90 days after stone removal showed minimal, localized renal parenchymal trauma. Complications, although infrequent, included proximal ureteral tears and hemorrhage. Difficulty was encountered in maneuvering equipment around large or numerous stones. Canine percutaneous nephrolithotomy was successful despite great variation in kidney size, as well as variations in the number, size, and shape of stones in the upper urinary tract.  相似文献   

Implications of the RCVS review of undergraduate education: Into the next century     

JOHN FOSTER 《The Journal of small animal practice》1992,33(7):307-307

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Comparison of epizootic diarrhea of suckling rats and a similar condition in mice     

FOSTER HL 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1958,133(4):198-201

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Alterations of Endothelium-Dependent Digital Vascular Responses in Horses Given Low-Dose Endotoxin   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

GARY M. BAXTER VMD  MS  Diplomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1995,24(2):87-96

Low doses of endotoxin cause vasoconstriction and hypoperfusion of the digit, small intestine, and cecum in horses. To determine the potential cause of these vascular alterations, in vitro vascular responses of palmar digital arteries and veins were determined in 8 horses after intravenous (IV) infusion of 1 L 0.9% NaCl (control) and 0.1 μg/kg Escherichia coli 055:B5 endotoxin in 1 L of 0.9% NaCl (endotoxin-treated). Vessels were surgically removed under general anesthesia, cut into 4-mm vascular rings, suspended in tissue baths, and attached to force displacement transducers for measurement of vascular tension. Cumulative concentration response curves to acetylcholine, bradykinin, nitroprusside, norepinephrine, 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), and endothelin were determined. Maximal relaxation or contraction and the concentrations needed to produce 50% maximal relaxation or contraction were determined. Palmar digital arteries from endotoxin-treated horses relaxed significantly less in response to acetylcholine and bradykinin (endothelium-dependent), but not to nitroprusside (endothelium-independent) when compared with arteries from control horses. Digital arteries from endotoxin-treated horses also contracted significantly more with norepinephrine but less with serotonin. Digital veins responded less than digital arteries. In another study, vascular reactivity experiments documented that acetylcholine and bradykinin were endothelium-dependent vasodilators (endothelium-denuded vessels relaxed less than control vessels) in palmar digital vessels. Additionally, maximal relaxations for both vasodilators were significantly inhibited by N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a nitric oxide antagonist, suggesting that acetylcholine and bradykinin cause relaxation through the nitric oxide pathway. The data from these studies indicate that low dose endotoxin impairs endothelium-dependent relaxation and augments adrenergic contraction of palmar digital arteries in horses.  相似文献   

Partial Maxillectomy and Premaxillectomy in the Treatment of Oral Neoplasia in the Dog and Cat     

S. Kathleen Salisbury dvm  ms  Daniel C. Richardson dvm  Diplomateacvs GARY C. LANTZ dvm  Diplomateacvs 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1986,15(1):16-26

Partial maxillectomies were performed in 17 dogs and three cats to accomplish wide excision of oral tumors. The extent of the maxillectomy was dependent on tumor type, location, size, and invasiveness as determined by clinical and radiographic examination and incisional biopsy. The tumor and involved portions of adjacent facial bones, most commonly the maxillary and incisive bones, were removed. The resulting oronasal defect was closed by suturing a labial mucosal flap based on the lip margin to the hard palate mucoperiosteum. The major postoperative complication was partial suture line dehiscence, which occurred in three dogs. All four dogs with benign tumors were free of disease 7 to 34 months postoperatively (median 21.5 months). Of the 13 dogs treated for malignant neoplasia, seven were tumor-free at follow-up times ranging from 3 to 31 months (median 12 months). Five dogs with malignant tumors developed local recurrence 1 week to 10 months postoperatively (median 4.5 months). One cat with a benign tumor and two with malignant tumors were tumor-free at follow-up times of 7, 24, and 27 months. Partial maxillectomy can be effective in treating both benign and malignant oral tumors in dogs and cats.  相似文献   

Gastric Myoelectric Activity after Experimental Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus and Tube Gastrostomy in Dogs   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

ANITA R. STAMPLEY DVM    COLIN F. BURROWS BVetMed  PhD  MRCVS  Diplomate ACVIM    GARY W. ELLISON DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVS  JENNIFER TOOKER BS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1992,21(1):10-14

Gastric myoelectric activity was measured after experimental gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV), GDV and tube gastrostomy, or tube gastrostomy in 12 dogs. Gastric myoelectric activity was recorded for 1 hour before (hour 0) and at hours 5, 24, 48, 72, and 96 after surgically induced GDV in six dogs. Three dogs with induced GDV and tube gastrostomy, and three dogs with tube gastrostomy only were also studied at hours 120, 144, and 168. The only significant change in the slow wave appearance or frequency from hours 0 to 48 was bradygastria at hour 5 in all three groups. A relative increase in the mean percentages of dysrhythmia from hours 72 to 168 in the dogs with a tube gastrostomy was caused by increases in tachygastria and arrhythmias. Dogs with GDV and tube gastrostomy had the greatest mean percentages of dysrhythmia, which were significantly more than those in dogs with GDV alone at hours 48, 72 and 96. The mean percentage of spike activity was less than or equal to 31 and varied widely. In general, there was less spike activity when the frequency of dysrhythmias was high. Thus, gastric myoelectric activity was disrupted from hours 48 to 168 after GDV with tube gastrostomy and after tube gastrostomy alone. Surgically induced GDV alone did not produce any significant or sustained dysrhythmias.  相似文献   

Immunoglobulins and immunoglobulin-containing cells in the reproductive tract of normal rams     

R A FOSTER  P W LADDS  D. HOFFMANN †  A J HUSBANDS‡ 《Australian veterinary journal》1988,65(1):16-20

The levels of the immunoglobulins IgA, IgG1, IgG2, and IgM were measured in serum and fluid from various locations in the reproductive tract of normal rams. These fluids included semen, preputial washings, and fluid from the accessory sex glands (ASG), vasa deferens, rete testes, and tissue fluid from the seminal vesicles, bulbourethral glands, epididymal tails and efferent ducts. In addition, the prevalence of specific Ig-containing cells (ICC) was measured in sections of formalin fixed tissues stained by an indirect peroxidase-antiperoxidase labelling technique. Mean IgA levels in semen (1.23 mg/ml) and ASG fluid (0.46 mg/ml), were higher than in serum (0.19 mg/ml) and were at levels higher than IgG1 or IgG2 levels in semen, ASG fluid, and preputial washings, thus confirming the existence of a local immune system primarily in the ASG of ram genitalia. Relatively low concentrations of IgA and IgG in other genital fluids and IgG levels in these fluids were consistent with diffusion from serum. The relatively high prevalence of IgA-containing cells in bulbourethral (56% of all ICC) and prostate (49%) glands confirmed these tissues as major sites of local Ig production. ICC were also found in large numbers beneath pelvic urethral and preputial epithelia, but these were predominantly IgG-containing (88 and 72% respectively).  相似文献