RECENT BABYLONIAN RESEARCH     

Lyon DG 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1883,2(23):40-41

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THE FIRST DATING OF PRESERVED WOOD IN NEW ENGLAND     

Lyon CJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1939,90(2340):419-420

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Chemical composition and some anti-nutrient content of raw and processed bitter vetch (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Vicia ervilia</Emphasis>) seed for use as feeding stuff in poultry diet     

GH. Sadeghi  J. Pourreza  A. Samei  H. Rahmani 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(1):85-93

An experiment was conducted to determine chemical composition of raw and treated bitter vetch seed for use in poultry diets. Processing methods were: soaked in water for 12 h, then autoclaved and dried (SA); coarsely ground, soaked in water for 24 h, autoclaved and dried (GSA); coarsely ground, soaked in water for 47 h with exchange of water every 12 h, cooked and dried (GSC); coarsely ground, soaked in solution of 1% acetic acid for 24 h at 60°C and dried (GAA). Raw bitter vetch seed was contained 94.52, 26.56, 0.4, 58.86, 3.38, 5.32, 12.28 and 14.20 percent DM, CP, EE, NFE, Ash, CF, ADF and NDF, respectively. Its GE, AME, AMEn, TME and TMEn values were 18.10, 13.15, 14.38, 14.10 and 14.69 MJ/kg, respectively. Results indicated that bitter vetch is a good source of Fe (340 ppm) and Cu (46.7 ppm). It s amino acid profile was suitable and methionine was the first limiting amino acid when compared with broiler and layer chicks requirements. Its canavanine and tannin content were 0.78 and 6.7 mg/kgDM, respectively. Processing methods improved CP and in some cases AMEn. All processing methods especially GSC resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in canavanine and tannin.  相似文献   

PRINCIPLES OF CURRICULUM MAKING     

Lyon EP 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1914,39(1010):661-672

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Identification of equine herpesvirus 3 (equine coital exanthema virus), equine gammaherpesviruses 2 and 5, equine adenoviruses 1 and 2, equine arteritis virus and equine rhinitis A virus by polymerase chain reaction     

K DYNON  A VARRASSO  N FICORILLI  SA HOLLOWAY  GH REUBEL  F LI  CA HARTLEY  MJ STUDDERT  HE DRUMMER 《Australian veterinary journal》2001,79(10):695-702

OBJECTIVE: To develop rapid (< 8 hour) tests using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the diagnosis of equine herpesvirus 3 (EHV3; equine coital exanthema virus), equine gammaherpesviruses 2 (EHV2) and EHV5, equine adenovirus 1 (EAdV1), EAdV2, equine arteritis virus (EAV), equine rhinitis A virus (ERAV; formerly equine rhinovirus 1) DESIGN: Either single round or second round (seminested) PCRs were developed and validated. METHODS: Oligonucleotide primers were designed that were specific for each virus, PCR conditions were defined and the specificity and sensitivity of the assays were determined. The application of the tests was validated using a number of independent virus isolates for most of the viruses studied. The PCRs were applied directly to clinical samples where samples were available. RESULTS: We developed a single round PCR for the diagnosis of EHV3, a seminested PCR for EHV2 and single round PCRs for EHV5, EAdV1, EAdV2 and RT-PCRs for EAV and ERAV. The PCR primer sets for each virus were designed and shown to be highly specific (did not amplify any recognised non-target template) and sensitive (detection of minimal amounts of virus) and, where multiple virus isolates were available all isolates were detected. CONCLUSION: The development and validation of a comprehensive panel of PCR diagnostic tests, predominantly for viruses causing equine respiratory disease, that can be completed within 8 hours from receipt of clinical samples, provides a major advance in the rapid diagnosis or exclusion diagnosis of these endemic equine virus diseases in Australia.  相似文献   

Two-dimensional correlation analysis of visible/near-infrared spectral intensity variations of chicken breasts with various chilled and frozen storages     

Liu Y  Barton FE  Lyon BG  Windham WR  Lyon CE 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(3):505-510

Generalized two-dimensional (2D) correlation analysis of visible/near-infrared (NIR) spectra was performed to characterize the spectral intensity variations of chicken muscles induced by either storage time/temperature regime or shear force values. The results showed that intensities of two visible bands at 445 and 560 nm increase with the storage temperature under identical treatment, possibly indicating a color change due to frozen storage. The 2D NIR correlation spectra indicated that all NIR bands reduce their spectral intensities, probably due to the water loss and compositional alterations during the freeze-thaw process as well as the tenderization development in muscle storage. The heterospectra correlating the spectral bands in both visible and NIR regions exhibited a strong correlation and suggested the sequential change between color and other developments in muscles. In addition, shear value-induced NIR spectral intensity variations detected significant differences in spectral features between tender and tough muscles.  相似文献   

How farmers research and learn: The case of arable farmers of East Anglia,UK.     

Fergus Lyon 《Agriculture and Human Values》1996,13(4):39-47

This study of arable agriculture in East Anglia, UK, draws on the experiences of farmer participatory research and the use of indigenous knowledge in agricultural development in less developed countries. Farmers were found to be continually doing research, although agricultural science has tended to play it down. Farmers' research was found to be closely linked to the specific locality and the strategies, aspirations, and experiences of farmers. The diversity of agriculture within East Anglia makes local research necessary and the idea of blueprints for agricultural production untenable. The process of generating information can come from learning while working, which may appear to be experiential rather than experimental. Other ideas are generated by observing chance occurrences and some farmers were found to be doing more structured experiments similar to agricultural science. Criticisms of farmers' own research are reviewed. However, this paper proposes that such research should not be compared to scientific method, since agricultural science has the primary objective of generating information while farmers' research is embedded in the local context and is part of the farming practice. It is therefore necessary to have complementary roles for farmers' own research and formal research rather than an attempt to combine or translate indigenous knowledge and farmers' experimentation in agricultural science.  相似文献   

Cranial epidural spread of contrast medium and new methylene blue dye in sternally recumbent anaesthetized dogs     

Son WG  Kim J  Seo JP  Yoon J  Choi M  Lee LY  Lee I 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2011,38(5):510-515

ObjectiveTo examine the spread of solution in the epidural space of sternally recumbent dogs.Study designProspective experimental trial.AnimalsTen healthy adult Beagle dogs weighing 7.6 ± 1.1 kg.MethodsDogs were anaesthetized with total intravenous propofol infusion, and placed in sternal recumbency. A volume of 0.2 mL kg^?1 contrast medium (CM) containing 1% new methylene blue (MB) dye was administered into the lumbosacral epidural space. Left to right lateral radiographs using a horizontal beam were taken every 5 minutes for 45 minutes. The perpendicular height (PH) between floor of the epidural canal of the highest vertebra and that of lumbosacral spinal canal was measured on radiographs. The angle of slope from the injection point toward the highest vertebral floor was measured. Immediately after taking the last radiographic image, dogs were euthanized and a laminectomy was performed from the cervical to lumbar vertebrae for visual evaluation of MB spread. The spread of CM and of MB as counted in number of stained vertebra were compared, and each of these data sets were further compared to PH and angle, using linear regression analyses.ResultsThe PH and angle were (mean ± SD) 3.8 ± 0.8 cm and 14.8 ± 2.8° respectively. The most cranial spread of CM was at 12.7 ± 5.7 (range: C6–L3) vertebrae, and at 14.0 ± 5.4 (range: C6–L2) vertebrae for MB staining. There were no significant correlations between PH and spread of CM (R² = 0.08) or MB (R² = 0.13), between angle and spread of CM (R² = 0.05) or MB (R² = 0.02), respectively. CM and MB demonstrated proportional relationship (R² = 0.82, p < 0.001).ConclusionsNo significant inhibitory effect of upward slope on cranial epidural spread of the solution was observed. Other factors may have greater effect on epidural spread in sternally recumbent dogs.  相似文献   

Book reviews     

Gary Paul Nabhan  F. P. Gardner  Roger Paden  John Lyon  Marilyn Holly  Michael Gold  Thomas C. Edens  Robert Lawless 《Agriculture and Human Values》1987,4(2-3):111-136

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Quantifying links between instream woody habitat and freshwater fish species in south‐eastern Australia to inform waterway restoration     

Zeb Tonkin  Adrian Kitchingman  Ben Fanson  Jarod Lyon  Renae Ayres  Joanne Sharley  Wayne M. Koster  Justin O'Mahony  Graeme Hackett  Paul Reich  Robin Hale 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2020,30(7):1385-1396

1. Removal of instream woody habitat (IWH) is one factor attributed to declines in fish populations worldwide. Restoration of IWH to help fish populations recover is now common; however, quantitative predictions about the outcomes of these interventions is rare. As such, quantitative links between IWH and fish abundance is of interest to managers to inform conservation and restoration activities.
2. Links between instream habitat attributes, especially IWH, and selected fish species of recreational, cultural, and ecological significance were explored at 335 sites spanning eight streams across south‐eastern Australia. Data were collected on fish abundance and length, IWH density and a range of other habitat attributes at a scale that incorporated at least one of each of the major mesohabitat types (functional river elements). The data were analysed using Bayesian hierarchical generalized linear mixed models to examine fish habitat associations and used to make quantitative predictions of responses to future restoration.
3. Strong positive relationships were found between fish abundance and IWH density and the strength of this relationship varied between species and waterways. Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii), a species commonly targeted by IWH interventions, displayed the strongest association with IWH density. River blackfish (Gadopsis marmoratus) also showed a significant relationship with IWH, but this effect was waterway specific. Fish length was only related to IWH for river blackfish. These results may reflect differences in the life histories of these two species. We suggest that differences in habitat association through ontogeny may be more relevant at smaller spatial scales.
4. The results generated in this study can be used to guide waterway restoration and develop quantitative predictions about how fish might respond to IWH interventions across south‐eastern Australia. This approach provides a powerful quantitative framework within which to explore management options and objectives, and to test our predicted responses to habitat restoration.

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