银中杨、玉簪落叶生物质炭对Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)、Cr~(6+)吸附的影响因素     

徐俊平  王帅  甘露  张鑫  孙蔚恩  刘含笑  梁红 《东北林业大学学报》2017,45(7)

为探讨银中杨、玉簪落叶所制备生物质炭对水体Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)和Cr~(6+)吸附规律的差异及影响因素,采用限氧裂解法将银中杨及玉簪落叶制成生物质炭,并以此为吸附载体研究其在不同初始离子质量浓度、pH值、Na+浓度及接触时间等因素影响下对Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)和Cr~(6+)的吸附。结果表明:随着初始Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)和Cr~(6+)质量浓度的增加(0~800 mg·L~(-1)),落叶生物质炭对相应重金属离子的吸附量也增加。将初始质量浓度设置在0~200 mg·L~(-1),生物质炭对3种金属离子的吸附量由大到小表现为Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)、Cr~(6+),然而,将初始离子质量浓度提升至300~800 mg·L~(-1),吸附量由大到小表现为Pb~(2+)、Cr~(6+)、Cd~(2+);溶液pH值由2增至8,可使Pb~(2+)和Cd~(2+)在生物质炭表面的吸附率得到迅速提升,然而,生物质炭对Cr~(6+)的吸附率在整个pH值变化范围则呈渐趋降低的趋势;随着Na+浓度增加(0~0.6 mol·L~(-1)),落叶生物质炭对3种金属离子所表现的吸附规律各不相同,其中,对Pb~(2+)的吸附量先下降而后渐趋升高,对Cd~(2+)的吸附量逐渐下降,而对Cr~(6+)的吸附量则表现为先增加而后下降。Na+离子浓度由0 mol·L~(-1)提升至0.6 mol·L~(-1)可使生物质炭对Pb~(2+)和Cd~(2+)的吸附量分别降低16.8%和97.1%,相反,对Cr~(6+)吸附量却有所促进,使其增加55.6%;生物质炭对初始质量浓度为400 mg·L~(-1)的Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)和Cr~(6+)吸附的数量随接触时间延长(0~1 440min)而逐渐增加,相同条件下由大到小表现为Pb~(2+)、Cr~(6+)、Cd~(2+);生物质炭对Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)的吸附主要以电性吸附为主,而专性吸附则为生物质炭吸附Cr~(6+)的主要机制。  相似文献   

拟南芥体内硝酸盐积累差异与细胞膜H+-ATPase的关系     

曾后清  刘赣  朱毅勇  徐国华  沈其荣 《南京农业大学学报》2011,34(6)

以野生型拟南芥(WT)和叶柄硝酸盐积累减少的拟南芥突变体atnar1.4为材料,研究了叶柄与叶片硝酸盐的积累及细胞膜H+-ATPase.采用两相法分离了2种材料细胞膜并测定了细胞膜H+-ATPase活性,通过RT-PCR分析了WT与atnrt1.4叶柄及叶片中各个细胞膜H+-ATPase基因的表达,并采用Western blot分析了WT与atnrt1.4叶柄及叶片细胞膜上H+-ATPase的蛋白浓度.结果显示:atnrt1.4叶柄硝酸盐积累显著低于WT叶柄,仅为WT的58.6％;atnrt1.4叶柄中细胞膜H+-ATPase基因AHA3、AHA5、AHA10和AHA11的表达比WT显著降低;atnrt1.4叶柄细胞膜H+-ATPase蛋白浓度也显著低于WT叶柄.WT叶柄硝酸盐积累显著高于叶片,相应的细胞膜H+-ATPase的水解活性也显著高于叶片.上述研究表明:atnrt1.4叶柄硝酸盐积累减少导致其细胞膜H+-ATPase活性降低;拟南芥体内硝酸盐积累差异与细胞膜H+-ATPase活性有关.  相似文献   

不同生态环境下马铃薯还原糖含量分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

张凤军  张永成  田丰 《中国马铃薯》2007,21(1):15-18

对马铃薯参试品种在西北地区不同生态条件下的还原糖含量变化进行方差分析和稳定性分析,结果表明,试点间、品种间以及试点和品种的互作间都存在着极显著差异,6个品种平均还原糖含量为0.625%,鄂95P3-3最低,为0.458%,陇薯3号最高,为0.832%;7个地点平均还原糖含量为0.625%,宁夏固原最低,为0.433%,青海海南最高,为0.913%。鄂95P3-3和青97-1-38这两个品种的回归系数均<1,是稳定性较好的品种。  相似文献   

不同小麦品种茎秆抗倒性的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

冯素伟  李淦  胡铁柱  姜小苓  李小军  董娜  茹振钢 《麦类作物学报》2012,32(6):1055-1059

为了明确影响小麦抗倒伏性的主要因素,选用生产中应用较广泛的6个高产小麦品种,采用田间试验与实验室分析相结合的方法,对不同品种的抗倒伏性状进行研究。结果表明,百农矮抗58的倒伏指数较小,为0.432,与其他品种相比差异显著;百农矮抗58的茎秆机械强度大、茎秆基部第二节短粗、秆壁较厚、次生根数量较多、株高和重心高度较低。相关分析表明,倒伏指数与第二节关系密切,第二节机械强度越大、壁越厚、干重越大、地下部根量越多,倒伏指数就越小,茎秆抗倒性就越强;适当降低株高可以降低植株的重心高度,增强植株抗倒能力。逐步回归分析表明,影响茎秆抗倒性的直接因子为茎秆基部第二节机械强度、第二节干重、地下部根量及地上部鲜重,其中第二节机械强度对茎秆倒伏指数的直接作用最大,其直接通径系数为-0.775,可用第二节机械强度的大小评价品种茎秆抗倒性的强弱。  相似文献   

Effect of dietary phosphorus levels on growth and body composition of crucian carp,Carassius auratus under indoor and outdoor experiments          下载免费PDF全文

M.H. Chen  Y.Y. Sun  C.M. Kong  H.J. Tang  L. Gan 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2017,23(4):702-709

Indoor and outdoor experiments were carried out simultaneously to evaluate the effects of dietary phosphorus levels on growth performance and body composition of crucian carp. Monocalcium was used to formulate extruded feed containing available phosphorus (AP) of 1.5 (D1), 4.7 (D2), 6.3 (D3) and 9.0 (D4) g kg^?1. Twelve 500‐L recirculating tanks were assigned to four triplicate groups with each tank stocked with 15 juveniles (39.88 ± 0.14 g) for indoor experiment. Twelve polyethylene enclosures were assigned to four groups with each one stocked with 120 juveniles (44.08 ± 1.36 g). After 8 weeks of feeding, survival ranged from 96% to 100%. Weight gain, special growth rate, protein efficiency ratio and feed conversion rate did not show significant differences among dietary treatments in both experiments. Fish cultured in the enclosures grew better, although D1 and D2 treatments did not reach significant level. Crude protein and phosphorus content of the fish were not significantly affected by dietary phosphorus level. Moisture, crude lipid, crude ash and vertebrae phosphorus were significantly affected by different phosphorus levels. Based on vertebrae phosphorus, crucian carp cultured in the tanks and in the enclosures showed phosphorus deficiency under 4.7 g kg^?1 and 6.3 g kg^?1 AP, respectively.  相似文献   

Biochemical changes during vitellogenesis in the red claw crayfish,Cherax quadricarinatus (von Martens)     

Jiayao Li  Zhanlin Guo  Xinhui Gan  Qun Wang  Yunlong Zhao 《Aquaculture Research》2010,41(10):e446-e455

Redclaw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) females at different stages of vitellogenesis were sampled to investigate variations in soluble protein, lipid and water content and in the amino acid and fatty acid composition of the hepatopancreas and ovaries. During vitellogenesis, the changes in the content of soluble proteins and lipids in the hepatopancreas and ovaries were dependent on both diet and the reserves from the hepatopancreas. However, in comparison to the ovary, the fluctuation of the amino acid composition in the hepatopancreas suggested that the protein resources mobilized from this organ was compensating for those gained from feeding. Changes in the fatty acid composition of the hepatopancreas showed limited compensatory function as for the quick accumulation of lipids in the ovaries. The proportional amounts of saturated fatty acids/mono‐unsaturated fatty acids/poly‐unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and the predominant fatty acids in both tissues indicated that the mobilization and utilization of fatty acids in freshwater species are different from that in marine species. Based on the redclaw's feeding habits, the commercial pellets used in this study may not be optimal, and a diet with less PUFA may suffice for its vitellogenesis and reduce the feeding costs.  相似文献   

海洋贝类体液防御机制的研究进展   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

杨明  侯敢  黄迪南  李江滨 《水产科学》2006,25(8):428-430

近几年，随着人们将海洋贝类作为食物的兴趣日益浓厚，科学家们对贝类及其防御机制的研究也越来越深入，对它们在生态、社会、经济、营养等方面的作用以及它们的致病微生物的特性进行了大量研究。双壳贝类由于其滤食习性，使它们体内蓄积了大量细菌，成为人类致病菌的积极携带者。因此，研究贝类与微生物之间的相互作用对维护人类健康有重要意义。  相似文献   

砾石对石灰土表面干缩裂隙发育特征的影响     

王星  徐勤学  赖本忠  张帅普  甘磊 《水土保持通报》2020,40(3):20-26

[目的]研究砾石粒径及含量对石灰土表面干缩裂隙发育特征的影响,为探索喀斯特地区的水土流失机理提供参考依据。[方法]通过室内模拟试验和数字图像处理技术,研究了砾石粒径(2.0～5.0 mm和5.0～12.5 mm)和砾石含量(0%,10%,20%,30%,40%)条件下的石灰土表面干缩裂隙特征。[结果]①无砾石石灰土平均表面裂隙率仅为3.03%,含砾石石灰土具有更大的表面裂隙率,在大粒径(5.0～12.5 mm)高含量(40%)条件下,表面裂隙率最大,达到8.66%;②当砾石含量增加时,裂隙的形态变得细小且密集,小粒径砾石会使裂隙网络更复杂;③大粒径(5.0～12.5 mm)条件下的土壤表面裂隙率与砾石含量成正线性相关,而小粒径(2.0～5.0 mm)条件下的裂隙率与砾石含量成负线性相关;④砾石会成为裂隙发育的基点,每个砾石颗粒周围都有可能产生围绕砾石或是向外延伸的裂隙。且在砾石形态的棱角处,容易产生向外延伸的裂隙。[结论]石灰土中存在砾石会导致表面裂隙率提高,弱化土体的抗侵蚀能力,是石漠化治理不容忽视的问题。  相似文献   

Phenethyl isothiocyanate as an anti-nutritional factor attenuates deoxynivalenol-induced IPEC-J2 cell injury through inhibiting ROSmediated autophagy     

Shuiping Liu  Xinru Mao  Lei Ge  Lili Hou  Guannan Le  Fang Gan  Lixin Wen  Kehe Huang 《动物营养（英文）》2022,8(1):300

Deoxynivalenol(DON)is considered to be the most harmful mycotoxin that affects the intestinal health of animals and humans.Phenethyl isothiocyanate(PEITC)in feedstuff is an anti-nutritional factor and impairs nutrient digestion and absorption in the animal intestinal.In the current study,we aimed to explore the effects of PEITC on DON-induced apoptosis,intestinal tight junction disorder,and its potential molecular mechanism in the porcine jejunum epithelial cell line(IPEC-J2).Our results indicated that PEITC treatment markedly alleviated DON-induced cytotoxicity,decreasing the apoptotic cell percentage and pro-apoptotic mRNA/protein levels,and increasing zonula occludens-1(ZO-1),occludin and claudin-1 mRNA/protein expression.Meanwhile,PEITC treatment ameliorated DON-induced an increase of the inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)and cyclooxygenase 2(COX-2)mRNA levels and intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)level,and a decrease of glutathione peroxidase 1(GPx1),superoxide dismutase 2(SOD2),catalase(CAT)and heme oxygenase 1(HO-1)mRNA levels.Additionally,PEITC treatment significantly down-regulated autophagy-related protein 5(ATG5),beclin-1 and microtubuleassociated protein 1 light chain 3B(LC3-II)mRNA/protein levels,decreased the number of green fluorescent protein-microtubule-associated protein 1 light-chain 3(GFP-LC3)puncta and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase(PI3K)protein expression,and up-regulated phospho-protein kinase B(p-Akt)and phospho-mammalian target of rapamycin(p-mTOR)protein expression against DON.However,the activation of autophagy by rapamycin,an autophagy agonist,abolished the protective effects of PEITC against DON-induced cytotoxicity,apoptosis and intestinal tight junction disorder.Collectively,PEITC could confer protection against DON-induced porcine intestinal epithelial cell injury by suppressing ROSmediated autophagy.  相似文献   

疣吻沙蚕胚胎发育观察及盐度对其孵化的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

段薛辉  刘文生  许爱娱  徐慈浩  何庆棠  肖锐媛  潘淦 《南方水产科学》2017,(4):115-121

采用显微镜观察了疣吻沙蚕(Tylorrhynchus heterochaeta)胚胎发育不同时期特征,并依据疣吻沙蚕人工孵化经验设置6个盐度梯度组(A:0,B:5,C:10,D:13,E:15,F:20),每组3个平行,研究了盐度对疣吻沙蚕受精率和孵化率的影响。结果表明,疣吻沙蚕胚胎发育可分为受精卵、卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠期、前担轮幼虫期、后担轮幼虫期、膜内三刚节疣足幼虫期和三刚节疣足幼虫期8个时期;盐度对疣吻沙蚕孵化影响显著(P0.05),C组受精率和孵化率最高,与其他组存在显著差异(P0.05)。适宜受精的盐度范围为10~13,最适孵化的盐度为10。  相似文献