Student evaluation     

Rodin M  Frey PW  Gessner PK 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1975,187(4176):555-559

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Molecular and Cellular Characterization of Buffalo Bone Marrow‐Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells     

NE Gade  MD Pratheesh  A Nath  PK Dubey  Amarpal  B Sharma  G Saikumar  G Taru Sharma 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2013,48(3):358-367

Immune privileged mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into multiple cell types and possess great potential for human and veterinary regenerative therapies. This study was designed with an objective to isolate, expand and characterize buffalo bone marrow‐derived MSCs (BM‐MSCs) at molecular and cellular level. Buffalo BM‐MSCs were isolated by Ficoll density gradient method and cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS). These cells were characterized through alkaline phosphatase (AP) staining, colony‐forming unit (CFU) assay, mRNA expression analysis (CD 73, CD 90, CD 105, Oct4 and Nanog), immunolocalization along with flow cytometry (Stro 1, CD 73, CD 105, Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog) and in situ hybridization (Oct4 and Sox2). Multilineage differentiation (osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic) was induced in vitro, which was further assessed by specific staining. Buffalo BM‐MSCs have the capacity to form plastic adherent clusters of fibroblast‐like cells and were successfully maintained up to 16^th passage. These cells were AP positive, and further CFU assay confirmed their clonogenic property. RT‐PCR analysis and protein localization study showed that buffalo BM‐MSCs are positive for various cell surface markers and pluripotency markers. Cytoplasmic distribution of mRNA for pluripotency markers in buffalo BM‐MSCs and multilineage differentiation were induced in vitro, which was further assessed by specific staining. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of buffalo BM‐MSCs, which suggests that MSCs can be derived and expanded from buffalo bone marrow and can be used after characterization as a novel agent for regenerative therapy.  相似文献   

Temporohyoid osteoarthropathy in two young horses     

PK Readford  GD Lester  CJ Secombe 《Australian veterinary journal》2013,91(5):209-212

Two cases of temporohyoid osteoarthropathy (THO) in young Australian horses are described. The pathogenesis of THO is yet to be fully elucidated, but current theories include extension of infection from otitis media or interna to the temporohyoid joint or a primary but non‐infectious degenerative condition within the temporohyoid joint. The young age of the horses and the unilateral distribution suggested an infectious aetiology. Both horses partially responded to treatment with broad‐spectrum antimicrobial and anti‐inflammatory drugs with concurrent management of ulcerative keratitis. The management of violent head shaking in one horse included the administration of gabapentin, an anticonvulsant known to have antihyperalgesic effects and reduce neuropathic pain.  相似文献   

Supplementation of a grape seed and grape marc meal extract decreases activities of the oxidative stress-responsive transcription factors NF-κB and Nrf2 in the duodenal mucosa of pigs     

Denise K Gessner  Anja Fiesel  Erika Most  Jennifer Dinges  Gaiping Wen  Robert Ringseis  Klaus Eder 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2013,55(1):18

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Assessment of current disease surveillance activities for pigs post-farmgate in New South Wales     

AK Schemann  M Hernández-Jover  W Hall  PK Holyoake  J-ALML Toribio 《Australian veterinary journal》2010,88(3):75-83

Objectives Evaluate current disease surveillance activities at saleyards and abattoirs in New South Wales (NSW) in order to establish the prevalence of clinical anomalies in pigs at different sites and to compare the sensitivity of detecting anomalies inside versus outside of pens. Procedure Routine inspections of pigs by staff and government inspectors were observed at two saleyards and two abattoirs in NSW during three visits over a 2-month period (January 2008–March 2008). All pigs presented for sale or slaughter were examined for 19 clinical anomalies from either the side of the pen or while animals were moving outside the pen, with data being combined to give an assumed ‘gold standard’. We compared the prevalence of anomalies among animals at the four sites using logistic regression, as well as the sensitivity of detection of the two inspection methods. Results Frequency and methodology of routine inspection varied among sites. Of the 7747 pigs inspected, 822 (10.6%) showed at least one clinical anomaly. There was moderate agreement between detecting anomalies in penned pigs versus while being moved. Pigs at one abattoir exhibited significantly fewer anomalies than pigs at the other sites. Conclusion The prevalence of anomalies among pigs at saleyards and abattoirs in NSW was relatively high (≈10%). Weaknesses in current disease surveillance activities for pigs post-farmgate have been identified. Increased regulation, surveillance training and modification of standard operational procedures for inspection have the potential to improve the current system.  相似文献   

A diagnostic dilemma: detecting proliferative enteritis in pigs at slaughter     

PK HOLYOAKE  RS CUTLER  IW CAPLE 《Australian veterinary journal》1994,71(9):308-309

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Effects of FGF10 on Bovine Oocyte Meiosis Progression,Apoptosis, Embryo Development and Relative Abundance of Developmentally Important Genes In Vitro          下载免费PDF全文

RF Pomini Pinto  PK Fontes  B Loureiro  AC Sousa Castilho  J Sousa Ticianelli  E Montanari Razza  RA Satrapa  J Buratini  C Moraes Barros 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2015,50(1):84-90

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF10) acts at the cumulus oocyte complex, increasing the expression of cumulus cell expansion‐related genes and oocyte competency genes. We tested the hypothesis that addition of FGF10 to the maturation medium improves oocyte maturation, decreases the percentage of apoptotic oocytes and increases development to the blastocyst stage while increasing the relative abundance of developmentally important genes (COX2, CDX2 and PLAC8). In all experiments, oocytes were matured for 22 h in TCM‐199 supplemented with 0, 2.5, 10 or 50 ng/ml FGF10. In Experiment 1, after maturation, oocytes were stained with Hoechst to evaluate meiosis progression (metaphase I, intermediary phases and extrusion of the first polar body) and submitted to the TUNEL assay to evaluate apoptosis. In Experiment 2, oocytes were fertilized and cultured to the blastocyst stage. Blastocysts were frozen for analysis of COX2, CDX2 and PLAC8 relative abundance. In Experiment 1, 2.5 ng/ml FGF10 increased (p < 0.05) the percentage of oocytes with extrusion of the first polar body (35%) compared to 0, 10 and 50 ng/ml FGF10 (21, 14 and 12%, respectively) and FGF10 decreased the percentage of oocytes that were TUNEL positive in all doses studied. In Experiment 2, there was no difference in the percentage of oocytes becoming blastocysts between treatments and control. Real‐time RT‐PCR showed a tendency of 50 ng/ml FGF10 to increase the relative abundance of COX2 and PLAC8 and of 10 ng/ml FGF10 to increase CDX2. In conclusion, the addition of FGF10 to the oocyte maturation medium improves oocyte maturation in vitro, decreases the percentage of apoptotic oocytes and tends to increase the relative abundance of developmentally important genes.  相似文献   

Molecular insights into the mechanisms of liver‐associated diseases in early‐lactating dairy cows: hypothetical role of endoplasmic reticulum stress          下载免费PDF全文

R. Ringseis  D. K. Gessner  K. Eder 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2015,99(4):626-645

The transition period represents the most critical period in the productive life of high‐yielding dairy cows due to both metabolic and inflammatory stimuli, which challenge the liver and predispose dairy cows to develop liver‐associated diseases such as fatty liver and ketosis. Despite the fact that all high‐yielding dairy cows are affected by marked metabolic stress due to a severe negative energy balance (NEB) during early lactation, not all cows develop liver‐associated diseases. Although the reason for this is largely unknown, this indicates that the capacity of the liver to cope with metabolic and inflammatory challenges varies between individual high‐yielding dairy cows. Convincing evidence exists that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays a key role in the development of fatty liver, and it has been recently shown that ER stress occurs in the liver of high‐yielding dairy cows. This indicates that ER stress may be involved in the development of liver‐associated diseases in dairy cows. The present review shows that the liver of dairy cows during early lactation is exposed to several metabolic and inflammatory challenges, such as non‐esterified fatty acids, tumour necrosis factor α, interleukin‐1β, reactive oxygen species and lipopolysaccharides, which are known inducers of ER stress. Thus, ER stress may represent a molecular basis for fatty liver development and account for the frequent occurrence of fatty liver and ketosis in high‐yielding dairy cows. Interindividual differences between dairy cows in the activation of hepatic stress response pathways, such as nuclear factor E2‐related factor 2, which is activated during ER stress and reduces the sensitivity of tissues to oxidative and inflammatory damage, might provide an explanation at the molecular level for differences in the capacity to cope with pathological inflammatory challenges during early lactation and the susceptibility to develop liver‐associated diseases between early‐lactating dairy cows with similar NEB and milk yield.  相似文献   

Expression and Characterization of Constitutive Heat Shock Protein 70.1 (HSPA‐1A) Gene in In Vitro Produced and In Vivo‐Derived Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Embryos     

GT Sharma  A Nath  S Prasad  S Singhal  N Singh  NE Gade  PK Dubey  G Saikumar 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2012,47(6):975-983

Cells are blessed with a group of stress protector molecules known as heat shock proteins (HSPs), amongst them HSP70, encoded by HSPA‐1A gene, is most abundant and highly conserved protein. Variety of stresses hampers the developmental competence of embryos under in vivo and in vitro conditions. Present work was designed to study the quantitative expression of HSPA‐1A mRNA in immature oocytes (IMO), matured oocytes (MO), in vitro produced (IVP) and in vivo‐derived (IVD) buffalo embryos to assess the level of stress to which embryos are exposed under in vivo and in vitro culture conditions. Further, HSPA‐1A gene sequence was analysed to determine its homology with other mammalian sequences. The mRNA expression analysis was carried out on 72 oocytes (40 IMO; 32 MO), 76 IVP and 55 IVD buffalo embryos. Expression of HSPA‐1A was found in oocytes and throughout the developmental stages of embryos examined irrespective of the embryo source; however, higher (p < 0.05) expression was observed in 8–16 cell, morula and blastocyst stages of IVP embryos as compared to IVD embryos. Phylogenetic analysis of bubaline HSPA‐1A revealed that it shares 91–98% identity with other mammalian sequences. It can be concluded that higher level of HSPA‐1A mRNA in IVP embryos in comparison with in vivo‐derived embryos is an indicator of cellular stress in IVP system. This study suggests need for further optimization of in vitro culture system in which HSPA‐1A gene could be used as a stress biomarker during pre‐implantation development.  相似文献   

Femtosecond multidimensional imaging of a molecular dissociation     

Gessner O  Lee AM  Shaffer JP  Reisler H  Levchenko SV  Krylov AI  Underwood JG  Shi H  East AL  Wardlaw DM  Chrysostom ET  Hayden CC  Stolow A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,311(5758):219-222

The coupled electronic and vibrational motions governing chemical processes are best viewed from the molecule's point of view-the molecular frame. Measurements made in the laboratory frame often conceal information because of the random orientations the molecule can take. We used a combination of time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy, multidimensional coincidence imaging spectroscopy, and ab initio computation to trace a complete reactant-to-product pathway-the photodissociation of the nitric oxide dimer-from the molecule's point of view, on the femtosecond time scale. This method revealed an elusive photochemical process involving intermediate electronic configurations.  相似文献