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31.
J. KOHOUT I. JAŠKOVÁ I. PAPOUŠEK A. ŠEDIVÁ V. ŠLECHTA 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2012,19(3):252-263
Abstract Stocking has had a considerable effect on wild brown trout, Salmo trutta L., populations throughout Europe. To elucidate this impact and to outline further management strategies, the genetic structure of 25 wild populations and five hatchery stocks from Czech Republic and Slovakia were analysed using mitochondrial (control region) and nuclear DNA (microsatellites, LDH‐C1*) markers. Stocking practices have caused massive hybridisation between the Atlantic and Danube brown trout strains in the central Danube basin and have lead to a loss of among‐population divergence in Slovakia and the eastern part of Czech Republic. Comparison with studies from neighbouring countries revealed substantial differences in haplotype, allele frequencies and genetic diversity across Central Europe. Differences in stocking management and origin of breeding stocks appear to be crucial factors for the spatial variability of the genetic structure of brown trout. 相似文献
32.
L. RODÁK Z. POSPÍ&#;IL J. TOMÁNEK T. VESELÝ T. OBR L. VALÍ&#;EK 《Journal of fish diseases》1988,11(3):225-235
Abstract. A double antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) is described. The sensitivity of the assay reached 102 TCID50 per 0·1 ml of culture fluid. The specificity of anti-IPNV sera and of the assay was confirmed by agar-gel immunodiffusion, by the direct immunoperoxidase technique for the deletion of IPNV in tissue cultures and by the ELISA inhibition test. High values of specific inhibition (over 90% at serum dilutions 1:40–1:2560) and low values of non-specific inhibition (8·4% at serum dilution 1:160) demonstrated the quality of the rabbit anti-IPNV serum. The results of ELISA agreed well with those of virological examinations. The potential of ELISA for investigations of a large series of field samples is discussed. 相似文献
33.
The soil environmental index(SEI),which is a four digit code system,represents relatively homogenous spatial unit with specific soil capacity to provide ecological or non-production functions.This work aimed to present information on rating and economic evaluation of SEI,which is a spatial identifier used for expressing heterogeneity of Slovak agricultural soil to support analysis of soil ecological functions.In this study,SEI index expressed the capacity of soil to accumulate water,immobilise the risk elements and substances and transform risk substances(organic pollutants).Partial evaluations of soil capacity to provide above mentioned functions were used to derive final SEI values.Within the agricultural soils of Slovakia there were 493 combinations of soil environmental index.Each index was expressed through rating(point)value and economic value.Average value of Slovak agricultural land to provide selected ecological soil functions was 55.3 points,which corresponded to 35.946 billionper agricultural land or approximately 1.42per square meter.Spatial identification of SEI codes and relevant database were developed in vector form via geographical information systems of Soil Science and Conservation Research Institute,Bratislava.In addition to using the national soil database system,a strategy was presented for evaluating and pricing of soil ecological function,and the development of an soil environmental index.Assessment and evaluation of vitally important soil functions expressed by SEI can significantly contribute to planning and protection of the soil,and can regulate indiscriminate anthropic interventions in land use decisions. 相似文献
34.
RW Graham EL Lundelius MA Graham EK Schroeder RS Toomey E Anderson AD Barnosky JA Burns CS Churcher DK Grayson RD Guthrie CR Harington GT Jefferson LD Martin HG McDonald RE Morlan HA Semken SD Webb L Werdelin MC Wilson 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1996,272(5268):1601-1606
Analyses of fossil mammal faunas from 2945 localities in the United States demonstrate that the geographic ranges of individual species shifted at different times, in different directions, and at different rates in response to late Quaternary environmental fluctuations. The geographic pattern of faunal provinces was similar for the late Pleistocene and late Holocene, but differing environmental gradients resulted in dissimilar species composition for these biogeographic regions. Modern community patterns emerged only in the last few thousand years, and many late Pleistocene communities do not have modern analogs. Faunal heterogeneity was greater in the late Pleistocene. 相似文献
35.
Veterinarians' preferences for anticonvulsant drugs for treating seizure disorders in dogs and cats 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Objective To identify veterinarians' approaches and concerns when managing canine and feline patients with acute and chronic seizure disorders.
Design Cross-sectional survey.
Method A questionnaire was distributed to veterinarians to determine how many dogs and cats they were actively treating for seizures, their anticonvulsant drug (ACD) preferences for treating acute and chronic seizure disorders and whether serum anticonvulsant concentrations and/or biochemical analytes were routinely measured. Additional questions involved the respondent's year and place of graduation and identified concerns they faced when managing patients with seizure disorders.
Results Phenobarbitone was the most commonly used ACD for managing chronic seizure disorders in both dogs and cats, with 82% of respondents using a combination of phenobarbitone and potassium bromide to manage refractory seizure disorders in dogs. Most respondents (96%) felt comfortable managing seizures in dogs, but only 63% were comfortable managing affected cats. Routine monitoring of serum ACD concentrations and of liver biochemical analytes was performed routinely by 71% and 45% of respondents, respectively. Of the respondents, 86% graduated from Australian universities and of these 53% had graduated after 1985.
Conclusion Veterinarians identified when to commence medication, whether regular monitoring of serum ACD concentrations and liver enzyme activity was necessary, and if the cost was justified. Veterinarians also identified the need to balance dose rates and side-effects by using combination therapy, and the importance of providing accurate information to clients about what to expect in terms of seizure control for their pet. 相似文献
Design Cross-sectional survey.
Method A questionnaire was distributed to veterinarians to determine how many dogs and cats they were actively treating for seizures, their anticonvulsant drug (ACD) preferences for treating acute and chronic seizure disorders and whether serum anticonvulsant concentrations and/or biochemical analytes were routinely measured. Additional questions involved the respondent's year and place of graduation and identified concerns they faced when managing patients with seizure disorders.
Results Phenobarbitone was the most commonly used ACD for managing chronic seizure disorders in both dogs and cats, with 82% of respondents using a combination of phenobarbitone and potassium bromide to manage refractory seizure disorders in dogs. Most respondents (96%) felt comfortable managing seizures in dogs, but only 63% were comfortable managing affected cats. Routine monitoring of serum ACD concentrations and of liver biochemical analytes was performed routinely by 71% and 45% of respondents, respectively. Of the respondents, 86% graduated from Australian universities and of these 53% had graduated after 1985.
Conclusion Veterinarians identified when to commence medication, whether regular monitoring of serum ACD concentrations and liver enzyme activity was necessary, and if the cost was justified. Veterinarians also identified the need to balance dose rates and side-effects by using combination therapy, and the importance of providing accurate information to clients about what to expect in terms of seizure control for their pet. 相似文献