Isolation and characterization of a thermally extracted yeast cell wall fraction potentially useful for improving the foaming properties of sparkling wines     

Núñez YP  Carrascosa AV  Gonzalez R  Polo MC  Martínez-Rodríguez A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(20):7898-7903

Two different yeast cell wall extracts were obtained using enzymatic digestion and thermal treatment. The effects of the extracts obtained on the foaming properties of a model wine and two sparkling wines were studied. The model wine and sparkling wines, supplemented with the thermal extract, presented better foaming properties than did the samples supplemented with the enzymatic extract. The fractioning (Con A chromatography) and characterization (SDS-PAGE, SEC, GC, and RP-HPLC) of both extracts showed that the fraction responsible for the foaming properties is constituted by mannoproteins with a relative molecular weight between 10 and 30 kDa, presenting an equilibrated composition of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic protein domains. This thermal extract did not modify the protein stability in both the model wine and the sparkling wines. These results demonstrate that the enrichment of a sparkling wine with mannoproteins extracted by mild heat procedures will contribute to improving its foaming properties.  相似文献   

β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyrate supplementation to adult Thoroughbred geldings increases type IIA fiber content in the gluteus medius     

Nicolas I Busse  Madison L Gonzalez  Mackenzie L Krason  Sally E Johnson 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(10)

Consumption of β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB) alters muscle composition and metabolism leading to strength and agility improvements in human athletes. To determine if HMB affects athletic performance and muscle function in horses, Thoroughbred geldings were fed a control (CON; n = 5) or HMB (n = 6) supplement for 6 wk prior to completing a standardized exercise test (SET). Gluteus medius (GM) muscle biopsies were obtained before the SET for fiber typing. Heart rate, biceps femoris (BF) and semitendinosus (ST) surface electromyograms (EMG), and fore and hind limbs metacarpophalangeal joint angles were captured at the gallop of the SET. Results demonstrate that HMB supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the percentage of type IIA and IIA/X muscle fibers in the GM with a corresponding decrease (P < 0.05) in type IIX fibers. The percentage of type I fibers was unaffected by diet. Supplementation with HMB did not result in any measurable effects on performance or biomechanical properties by comparison to CON. Supplementation with HMB resulted in an increase (P < 0.05) in ST median frequency at speeds of 10 m/s and greater. Increasing treadmill speed resulted in an increase (P < 0.05) in stride length and the maximal proximal forelimb fetlock angle, and a decrease (P < 0.05) in stance phase time of the gait cycle. Integrated EMG (iEMG) increased (P < 0.05) with increasing treadmill speeds for both the BF and ST with the BF exhibiting greater (P < 0.05) iEMG values than the ST. In summary, HMB increased the percentage of type IIA GM fibers, which did not translate into improved performance.  相似文献   

Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of two suxibuzone oral dosage forms in horses     

Jaraiz  Rodriguez  San Andres  Gonzalez  & San Andres 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1999,22(4):247-254

A disposition and bioequivalence study with a suxibuzone granulated and a suxibuzone paste oral formulation was performed in horses. Suxibuzone (SBZ) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, which was administered to horses (n = 6) at a dosage of 19 mg/kg bwt by the oral route (p.o.) in a two period cross-over design. Suxibuzone is very rapidly transformed into its main active metabolites, phenylbutazone (PBZ) and oxyphenbutazone (OPBZ). Therefore plasma and synovial fluid concentrations of SBZ, PBZ and OPBZ were simultaneously measured by a sensitive and specific high-performance liquid chromatographic method. The pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by noncompartmental analysis. Suxibuzone could not be detected in any plasma and synovial fluid samples (< 0.04 microgram/mL). Plasma PBZ and OPBZ concentrations were detected between 30 min and 72 h after granulate and paste administration. Mean plasma concentration of PBZ peaked at 5 h (34.5 +/- 6.7 micrograms/mL) and at 7 h (38.8 +/- 8.4 micrograms/mL), and mean area under the concentration-time curve (AUC0-->LOQ) was 608.0 +/- 162.2 micrograms.h/mL and 656.6 +/- 149.7 micrograms.h/mL after granulate and paste administration, respectively. Mean plasma concentration of OPBZ increased to 5-6.7 micrograms/mL, with the maximum concentration (Cmax) appearing between 9 and 12 h after administration of both formulations. The AUCs0-->LOQ for OPBZ were also similar (141.8 +/- 48.3 micrograms.h/mL granulate vs. 171.4 +/- 45.0 micrograms.h/mL paste). It was concluded that the suxibuzone products were bioequivalent with respect to PBZ. For OPBZ, the 95% confidence intervals of the pharmacokinetic parameters were within the acceptable range of 80-125%. The paste formulation provided greater bioavailability of PBZ and OPBZ.  相似文献   

Persistence of passively transferred antibodies in porcine Taenia solium cysticercosis. Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru.     

A E Gonzalez  M Verastegui  J C Noh  C Gavidia  N Falcon  T Bernal  H H Garcia  V C Tsang  R H Gilman  P P Wilkins 《Veterinary parasitology》1999,86(2):113-118

We evaluated the presence and persistence of anticysticercal antibodies in piglets born to Taenia solium infected sows. Infected sows from a disease-endemic area of Peru were transported to a nondisease-endemic area and impregnated. Serum samples were collected from sows and piglets on Day 2 through Week 35 after birth. Using an immunoblot specific for cysticercosis, Ig isotypes to 7 cyst antigens were measured and quantified. Serum samples from the piglets contained detectable antibodies from Week 1 through Week 35 (27 weeks after weaning). The primary Ig isotype present in both sows and piglets was IgG. Antibodies did not appear in piglet serum samples until after suckling, demonstrating that anti-cysticercal antibodies are transferred solely via colostrum. Our data have shown that maternally transferred antibodies to cyst antigens may persist through much of a pig's life. Therefore, the presence of passively transferred antibodies must be considered in studies that examine the prevalence of cysticercosis in pigs. Furthermore, when designing control strategies for cysticercosis, careful evaluation and selection of sentinel pigs becomes a crucial component of sentinel selection.  相似文献   

Abstracts of presentations on selected topics at the XIVth international plant protection congress (IPPC) July 25–30, 1999     

R. Hull  H. A. Kuiper  Maryvon Y. Noordam  Marjorie A. Hoy  Jenny S. Cory  A. C. Fereres  P. Gonzalez  F. Meins  Y. Elkind  Benedicte Charrier 《Phytoparasitica》1999,27(4):299-332

  相似文献   

Multi-atom resonant photoemission: A method for determining near-neighbor atomic identities and bonding     

A Kay  E Arenholz  S Mun  Garcia de Abajo FJ  CS Fadley  R Denecke  Z Hussain  Van Hove MA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,281(5377):679-683

Measurements and theoretical calculations are reported for an interatomic multi-atom resonant photoemission (MARPE) effect that permits direct determination of near-neighbor atomic identities (atomic numbers). MARPE occurs when the photon energy is tuned to a core-level absorption edge of an atom neighboring the emitting atom, with the emitting level having a lower binding energy than the resonant level. Large peak-intensity enhancements of 33 to 105 percent and energy-integrated effects of 11 to 29 percent were seen in three metal oxides. MARPE should also be sensitive to bond distance, bonding type, and magnetic order, and be observable via the secondary processes of x-ray fluorescence and Auger decay.  相似文献   

The relationships between erodibility and erosion in a soil treated with two organic amendments   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

M. Tejada  J.L. Gonzalez   《Soil & Tillage Research》2006,91(1-2):186-198

The influence of two organic wastes, cotton gin crushed compost (CC) and beet vinasse (BV) applied for 5 years on a Typic Xerofluvent under dryland conditions near to Sevilla city (Guadalquivir River Valley, Andalusia, Spain) on soil erodibility (K factor of the USLE and RUSLE) and soil loss was studied. CC and BV were applied at rates of 1780, 5340, and 10,680 kg ha⁻¹ (expressed as organic matter content). When CC was applied to the soil, erodibility factor (K) is correlated with soil loss, highlighting a decrease in K and soil loss when increased the dose of CC applied to the soil. In this respect, K decreased 17% in CC-amended soils respect to control soil at the end of the experiment, and soil loss decreased 36% in CC-amended soils respect to control soil at the end of the experiment and for 45 min and 60 mm h⁻¹. However, when BV was applied, soil physical and biological properties decreased. K decreased 6.4% in BV-amended soils respect to control soil at the end of the experiment, and soil loss increased 59.7% in BV-amended soils respect to control soil at the end of the experimental period and for 45 min and 60 mm h⁻¹. We think that this is because the higher level of Na⁺ (and possibly of fulvic acids) in BV increased the exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) and reduced structural stability of BV-amended soil, leading to higher soil loss. This explains the relatively higher soil loss in BV-amended soils. These results contradict many previous reports in which soil organic matter prevented soil loss. For this reason, the equation of soil erodibility (K factor of USLE and RUSLE) must have in consideration other aspects such as the chemical composition of the soil organic matter as well as the soil structural stability.  相似文献   

A superconducting reversible rectifier that controls the motion of magnetic flux quanta     

Villegas JE  Savel'ev S  Nori F  Gonzalez EM  Anguita JV  García R  Vicent JL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,302(5648):1188-1191

We fabricated a device that controls the motion of flux quanta in a niobium superconducting film grown on an array of nanoscale triangular pinning potentials. The controllable rectification of the vortex motion is due to the asymmetry of the fabricated magnetic pinning centers. The reversal in the direction of the vortex flow is explained by the interaction between the vortices trapped on the magnetic nanostructures and the interstitial vortices. The applied magnetic field and input current strength can tune both the polarity and magnitude of the rectified vortex flow. Our ratchet system is explained and modeled theoretically, taking the interactions between particles into consideration.  相似文献   

Mass spectrometry-assisted confirmation of the inability of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 to cleave goldfish peptide YY(1–36) and the lack of anorexigenic effects of peptide YY(3–36) in goldfish (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Carassius auratus</Emphasis>)     

R.?Gonzalez  S.?UnniappanEmail author 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2016,42(3):831-844

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) is a serine protease of great interest because it has been shown to modulate the activity of several peptidergic factors including peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide-1/2. While PYY(1–36) is orexigenic in mammals, PYY(3–36) recently garnered interest as a potent anorexigen. In silico phylogenetic analysis found that the DPP4 cleavage sites are absent in fish PYY sequences. However, no studies were conducted to show that indeed PYY(3–36) is not produced by DPP4 in fish. If DPP4 does not cleave PYY(1–36), is PYY(3–36) an anorexigen in fish? The objectives of this research were to (1) test whether DPP4 cleaves goldfish PYY(1–36) and (2) determine whether PYY(3–36) is an anorexigen in goldfish. First, we identified the highly conserved catalytic region of DPP4 in goldfish. Abundant expression of DPP4 mRNA was found within the gastrointestinal tract. We also report the first MALDI-MS cleavage analysis of DPP4 effects on PYY(1–36) in a non-mammalian vertebrate. Our novel results indicate that DPP4 is unable to cleave goldfish PYY(1–36) to PYY(3–36) in vitro. It also confirms a previously held hypothesis that DPP4 is unable to cleave fish PYY(1–36) that contains N-terminal proline–proline residues. PYY(3–36) had no effects on food intake of goldfish. The appetite inhibitory effects of intraperitoneal and intracerebroventricular injections of 10 ng/g body weight gfPYY(1–36) were abolished by coinjections of BIBP3226, a Y1 receptor antagonist. These results are significant because it shows the lack of generation of endogenous PYY(3–36) and its anorectic effects in goldfish.  相似文献