Determinants for successful reforestation of abandoned pastures in the Andes: Soil conditions and vegetation cover     

Sven Günter  Paul Gonzalez  Guido Álvarez  Nikolay Aguirre  Ximena Palomeque  Frank Haubrich  Michael Weber 《Forest Ecology and Management》2009

The Andes of Ecuador are known for their outstanding biodiversity but also as the region with the highest deforestation rate in South America. This process is accompanied by accelerating degradation and loss of environmental services. Despite an extraordinary richness in native tree diversity, more than 90% of all forest plantations established in Ecuador consist of exotic species, primarily Eucalyptus spp. and Pinus spp. This is mainly due to the lack of information about the autecological and synecological requirements of the native species.  相似文献   

Floristic and ecological differences between recent and ancient forests growing on non-acidic soils     

Delphine Sciama  Laurent Augusto  Jean-Luc Dupouey  Maya Gonzalez  Concepción Moares Domínguez 《Forest Ecology and Management》2009

The aim of this work was to investigate differences in soil chemistry and understory composition between recent forests (sites afforested in the last 170 years) and ancient forests growing on non-acidic soils. The study was carried out on hardwood forests at moderate elevation (400–600 m asl) in the Jura Mountains (N.E. France) on four main pedological substrates with different characteristics. The floristic composition of 127 stands from recent forests (n = 65) or ancient forests (n = 62) was surveyed. Some functional traits and the Ellenberg indicator values of the surveyed species were recorded. In addition, the topsoil from 30 stands was analysed. The composition of the flora was analysed by Detrended Correspondence Analysis and the species which were typical of one class of forest age were identified using a chi-square (χ²) test. The difference between forest classes for plant traits, their indicator values, or soil chemistry was tested using the generalized linear model and Bonferroni t-tests (or Kruskall–Wallis tests). The floristic composition of the ancient forests was significantly different from that of the recent forests and was characterized by a high occurrence of shrub species in recent forests. These differences were associated with higher specific leaf area, low-range seeds dispersal, and some life forms like geophytes. There was no clear difference in soil chemistry between the two classes of forests, except for δ¹⁵N values. The weakness of the difference in the soil between ancient and recent forests suggested that changes in soil chemistry caused by a former agricultural land use were not responsible for the differences in understory composition recorded. The differences in functional traits between the two forest classes supported this conclusion. We finally concluded that (i) past land use modifies the vegetation composition of current forests, even on neutral soils and that (ii) in our context, biological filters were probably responsible for these changes.  相似文献   

Effect of germination on total phenolic compounds,total antioxidant capacity,Maillard reaction products and oxidative stress markers in canihua (Chenopodium pallidicaule)     

F. Abderrahim  E. Huanatico  R. Repo-Carrasco-Valencia  S.M. Arribas  M.C. Gonzalez  L. Condezo-Hoyos 《Journal of Cereal Science》2012

Germination of cereals/pseudo-cereals has been suggested as an effective method to increase antioxidant compounds. However, this process could also lead to high reducing sugar levels and subsequent Maillard reaction products. The aim of this work was to determine the time course effect of canihua (Chenopodium pallidicaule) germination on: 1) antioxidant capacity, 2) extractable and non-extractable phenolic compounds content, 3) Maillard reaction products and 4) oxidative stress markers. Germination increased antioxidant capacity, phenolic compounds and Maillard reaction products, including advanced glycated end products while it decreased oxidative stress markers. All parameters exhibited a similar time course pattern with a maximum at 72 h. In addition to the increase in phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity, canihua germination produced advanced glycated end products. The impact on human health of these compounds in germinated seeds deserves future attention.  相似文献   

RNAseq analysis reveals the role of secondary metabolism in the response of URS 21, a race‐nonspecific resistant cultivar,to crown rust          下载免费PDF全文

A. de A. Figueiró  J. L. Gonzalez‐Hernandez  M. T. Pacheco  R. N. Reese  G. L. de Morais  F. Guzman  P. Swaminathan  C. A. Delatorre 《Plant pathology》2017,66(5):702-712

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Suspect West Nile virus encephalomyelitis in an imported horse in the UK          下载免费PDF全文

S. Gonzalez‐Medina  R. Alzola  J. R. Newton 《Equine Veterinary Education》2017,29(6):321-324

This report describes a suspect case of West Nile virus (WNV) encephalomyelitis, reported for the first time in a horse in the UK. The affected gelding had been imported from the Republic of Cyprus and travelled through several WNV endemic areas in Europe before arriving at the premises in Lincolnshire. Clinical signs included muscle fasciculations, weakness of the hindlimbs and transient lip twitching that quickly progressed to depression and recumbency. West Nile virus specific antibodies were detected by serological tests in the absence of a previous history of vaccination. The horse improved clinically 10 days after the onset of disease and fully recovered in 12 weeks. Follow‐ups at 12 and 20 months post event did not reveal any sequela and the horse was performing adequately at novice level. This article refers to the same horse mentioned by Fooks et al. (2014) and it is an extension of the previous published work.  相似文献   

Regional distribution and integrity of equine ovarian pre‐antral follicles          下载免费PDF全文

SM Gonzalez  CB da Silva  AG Lindquist  I Bufalo  F Morotti  LA Lisboa  M Seneda 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2017,52(5):836-841

The goal of this study was to determine the distribution of pre‐antral follicles in the ovarian parenchyma of mares. For Experiment 1, each ovary was cut longitudinally at the greater curvature, performing two hemiovaries. After that, six fragments from each hemiovary were obtained, resulting in 12 fragments, which were divided into the innermost region of the parenchyma, the middle region and the outermost region. All the three obtained sections were cut transversally to obtain two fragments from each one. For Experiment 2, each ovary also submitted to a longitudinal cut on the greater curvature, forming two hemiovaries. Each hemiovary was sectioned into four symmetrical fragments, resulting in eight fragments per ovary. The fragments were related as being near to or far from the ovulatory fossa. The fragments of both experiments were immediately fixed in Carnoy for 12 hr and kept in 70% ethanol for 24 hr. Follicles were classified according to the stages of development and for morphological integrity according to oocyte morphology and granulosa cells. After the histological assessment, a total of 1,130 follicles were visualized from Experiment 1, being 1,054 (93.3%) primordial follicles and 76 (4.7%) follicles in development. The innermost region had the highest percentage of pre‐antral follicles compared to the other regions (p < .05). The middle and outermost regions showed higher percentages of intact primordial and developing follicles than the innermost region (p < .05). Considering Experiment 2, 938 follicles were found, being 894 (95.3%) primordial and 44 (4.7%) follicles in development. The region near the ovulatory fossa presented higher (58.7%; 551 of 938) follicular concentration compared to the region far from the ovulatory fossa (41.3%; 387 of 938; p < .05). As a conclusion, distribution of pre‐antral follicles in the equine ovary has a specific pattern through the parenchyma. Also, the follicular integrity differed in the studied ovarian areas.  相似文献   

Response of Winter Manure Application on Surface Runoff Water Quantity and Quality from Small Watersheds in South Dakota     

Shikha Singh  Nathan Brandenburg  Laurent Ahiablame  Arturo Gonzalez  Jeppe Kjaersgaard  Todd P. Trooien  Sandeep Kumar 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2017,228(10):389

Manure application on frozen soil, which is a common practice in the upper Midwest of USA, results in degraded soil and water quality. During snowmelt or precipitation events, water runoff carries nutrients into nearby streams and impairs the water quality. There is a need, therefore, to identify improved management of manure application in the soils. This study was conducted to assess water quality impacts associated following manure application during winter months when soil is completely covered with snow. The study site included three watersheds, named south (SW), east (CW), and north (NW) managed with a corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean (Glycine max L.) rotation located in South Dakota. The SW and NW were used as treatment, and CW as the control watershed. The treatments included manure application on the upper half of the SW and lower half of the NW, and CW received no manure application. This study showed that manure improved soil properties including infiltration rate and organic matter. Nitrogen and phosphorus losses in the surface runoff were higher from NW compared to that of SW. The CW had similar nutrient losses compared to the NW with slight differences. It can be concluded that maintaining a setback distance can help in improving the environmental quality as well as managing the agricultural wastes during the winter months.  相似文献   

Persistent Mullerian Duct Syndrome in a Miniature Schnauzer Dog with Signs of Feminization and a Sertoli Cell Tumour     

AR Vegter  HS Kooistra  FJ Van Sluijs  LWL Van Bruggen  J Ijzer  C Zijlstra  AC Okkens 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(3):447-452

A 5‐year‐old male Miniature Schnauzer was presented with unilateral cryptorchidism and signs of feminization. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed an enlarged right testis and a large, fluid‐filled cavity that appeared to arise from the prostate. Computed tomography revealed the cavity to be consistent with an enlarged uterine body, arising from the prostate, and showed two structures resembling uterine horns that terminated close to the adjacent testes. The dog had a normal male karyotype, 78 XY. Gonadohysterectomy was performed and both the surgical and the histological findings confirmed the presence of a uterus in this male animal, resulting in a diagnosis of persistent Mullerian duct syndrome (PMDS). The enlarged intra‐abdominal testis contained a Sertoli cell tumour. Computed tomography proved to be an excellent diagnostic tool for PMDS.  相似文献   

First report on the diagnosis and treatment of encephalic and urinary paracoccidioidomycosis in a cat     

Juan F. Gonzalez  Nestor A. Montiel  Rodrigo L. Maass 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2010,12(8):659-662

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Insights on gene expression response of a characterized resistant genotype of Solanum commersonii Dun. against Ralstonia solanacearum     

R. Narancio  P. Zorrilla  C. Robello  M. Gonzalez  F. Vilaró  C. Pritsch  M. Dalla Rizza 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2013,136(4):823-835

Solanum commersonii is a wild species related to the cultivated potato. Some S. commersonii genotypes have been proven to be resistant to the pathogenic bacteria Ralstonia solanacearum, which causes damage in potato and other economically important crops. Here an expression analysis of the response of a resistant S. commersonii genotype against R. solanacearum was performed using microarrays. The aims of this work were to elucidate the molecular processes involved in the interaction, establish the timing of the response, and contribute to identify genes related to the resistance. The response to the treatment was already initiated at 6 h post-inoculation (hpi) and was established at 24 hpi; during this period, a high number of genes was differentially expressed and several candidate genes for the resistance of S. commersonii to R. solanacearum were identified. At an early stage, the photosynthetic process was highly repressed and several genes encoding proteins related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were differentially expressed. The induction of ERF and ACC-oxidase genes related to the ethylene pathway and PR1 related to the salicylic acid pathway suggested the induction of both pathways, and back up the previously reported hemibiotrophic nature of the pathogen. Five genes related to plant defence and observed to be differentially expressed at the first two time points were validated by real time PCR. This work gives a glimpse to the molecular processes involved in S. commersonii resistance and identifies the species as a valuable genetic source for potato breeding against bacterial wilt.  相似文献