Employment of male and female graduates of US veterinary medical colleges, 2001     

Wise JK  Gonzalez ML 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2002,220(5):600-602

Among graduates who received employment offers, 89.5% of males and 84.1% of females accepted an offer. Mean starting salary was $39,120 for females and $40,052 for males.  相似文献   

Unilateral orchitis and epididymitis caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in a stallion     

M. Gonzalez  A. Tibary  D. C. Sellon  J. Daniels 《Equine Veterinary Education》2008,20(1):30-36

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Influence of probiotic Lactobacilli colonization on neonatal B cell responses in a gnotobiotic pig model of human rotavirus infection and disease     

Zhang W  Azevedo MS  Gonzalez AM  Saif LJ  Van Nguyen T  Wen K  Yousef AE  Yuan L 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2008,122(1-2):175-181

The goal of this study was to define the impact of colonization of gnotobiotic (Gn) pigs with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on development of intestinal and systemic B cell responses to human rotavirus (HRV). The LAB-specific and total B cell responses were also assessed. Gn pigs were inoculated with LAB (Lactobacillus acidophilus and L. reuteri) and virulent Wa strain HRV (LAB+HRV+), HRV only (LAB-HRV+), LAB only (LAB+HRV-) or mock (LAB-HRV-). The HRV infection induced similar HRV-specific intestinal and systemic antibody and B cell responses in pigs with or without LAB, whereas LAB significantly enhanced total intestinal IgA secreting cell responses and total serum IgM and intestinal IgM and IgG titers. The LAB colonization did not reduce HRV shedding or diarrhea, this may be partly due to the short time interval between the first LAB feeding and HRV inoculation. Further studies are needed with longer time for LAB to establish before HRV inoculation. However, our studies demonstrate that Gn pigs infected with HRV develop a similar magnitude of virus-specific B cell responses as those of HRV-infected and LAB colonized pigs. LAB colonization alone is not as efficient in promoting intestinal B cell responses, as is HRV infection.  相似文献   

Interferon production by strains of herpesvirus associated with Marek's disease     

K A Schat  J Gonzalez  A Solorzano 《Avian diseases》1974,18(4):531-535

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The effect of vaccination with the PAV-250 strain classical swine fever (CSF) virus on the airborne transmission of CSF virus     

Gonzalez C  Pijoan C  Ciprian A  Correa P  Mendoza S 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2001,63(9):991-996

The airborne transmission of Classical Swine Fever (CSF) virus to susceptible pigs, as well as the effect of vaccination with the CSF virus PAV-250 strain was investigated on this mode of transmission. Experiment I: four pigs were inoculated with the ALD CSFV strain (10(4.3) 50% TCID) by the intramuscular route, and at the onset of fever, they were introduced into an enclosed chamber. At the end of the experiment surviving pigs were sedated, anesthetized and euthanatized. Experiment II: four pigs were previously vaccinated with the CSF virus PAV-250 strain, and at 14 days post-vaccination they were challenged with the CSF virus ALD strain. In both experiments, four susceptible pigs were exposed to infectious aerosols by placing them in a chamber connected by a duct to the adjacent pen containing the infected animals and were kept there for 86 hs. In Experiment I, pigs exposed to contaminated air died as a result of infection with CSF virus on days 14, 21 and 28 post-inhalation. These four pigs seroconverted from day 12 post-inhalation. CSF virus was isolated from these animals, and the fluorescent antibody test on tonsils was positive. In Experiment II, a vaccinated pig exposed to contaminated air did not seroconvert, nor was CSF virus isolated from lymphoid tissues. However, mild fluorescence in tonsil sections from these pigs was observed. In conclusion, CSF virus was shown to be transmitted by air at a distance of 1 m to susceptible pigs. Vaccination with the PAV-250 CSF virus strain protected the pigs from clinical disease under the same conditions.  相似文献   

Vertical induction of the inclusion body hepatitis/hydropericardium syndrome with fowl adenovirus and chicken anemia virus   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Toro H  González O  Escobar C  Cerda L  Morales MA  Gonzalez C 《Avian diseases》2001,45(1):215-222

The hypothesis that fowl adenovirus (FAV) and chicken anemia virus (CAV), transmitted vertically and simultaneously, induce the inclusion body hepatitis (IBH)/hydropericardium (HP) syndrome in progeny chickens was tested. Thus, 35-wk-old light brown layer breeders, showing absence of antibodies against FAV and variable titers against CAV, were intramuscularly singly infected with the FAV serotype 4 isolate 341 or dually infected with CAV (isolate 10343) and FAV. All hens (groups A [FAV alone], B [FAV + CAV], and C [noninfected]) were clinically healthy throughout the experimental period. Both infectious viruses FAV and CAV were isolated from progenies obtained as early as 5 days after infection of their breeders. Hematocrit, serum proteins, and aspartate-aminotransferase values showed a few statistical differences between the progeny groups. Most of these differences were detected in the progeny chickens of group B. However, almost all values met reference values for the species. The pathologic findings showed that progeny chickens obtained from both singly and dually infected breeders developed macroscopic and histopathologic changes of IBH/HP. The pathologic findings shown by progeny chickens of group A (FAV) were not expected because neither synergism nor prior immunodepression by CAV was concurrent. Chickens of group B (CAV + FAV) also developed IBH/HP. Although not many differences in the evaluated parameters between groups A and B were statistically significant, most pathologic findings of group B indicated a more severe manifestation of the disease. However, because FAV alone did reproduce the syndrome, the results shown by group B would not allow a definitive confirmation of the hypothesis that the association of FAV and CAV is necessary for the successful induction of the IBH/HP syndrome in chickens when transmitted vertically.  相似文献   

Chicken anemia virus and fowl adenoviruses: association to induce the inclusion body hepatitis/ hydropericardium syndrome     

Toro H  Gonzalez C  Cerda L  Hess M  Reyes E  Geissea C 《Avian diseases》2000,44(1):51-58

The effects of a simultaneous and/or a subsequent coinfection with chicken anemia virus (CAV) isolate 10343 and fowl adenovirus (FAV) isolate 341 in specific-pathogen-free light chickens were evaluated. The simultaneous coinfection was conducted by the intramuscular route, whereas the subsequent coinfection trial considered FAVs administered orally. In trial 1, 20-day-old chickens simultaneously coinfected with CAV (10343) and FAV (341) intramuscularly (i.m.) showed 55% mortality and characteristic signs and lesions of inclusion body hepatitis/hydropericardium (IBH/HPS). In contrast, birds singly infected with FAV i.m. showed 10% mortality due to IBH/HPS. Trial 2 showed that birds receiving FAV 341 orally at day 7 post-CAV intramuscular infection (group A) developed a mild form of IBH/HPS with presence of inclusion bodies (INIBs) in 60% of the group and virus-neutralizing antibodies against FAV 341. Group B (FAV orally 14 days after CAV) showed significant decreased weight gain, nonspecific microscopic lesions in the liver, spleen, bursa, and thymus, and an antibody response against FAV 341. However, no INIBs could be detected in the hepatocytes of these chickens. Group C (FAV orally 35 days after CAV) showed nonspecific histopathologic changes in the liver and no antibody response to FAV. The oral single infection with FAV isolate 341 induced neither mortality nor macroscopic lesions of IBH/HPS in the birds. The present results corroborate previous reports on pathogenicity of Chilean FAV isolates, which suggest that synergism with other viruses or prior immunosuppression is necessary to produce IBH/HPS in chickens. These results also suggest that the susceptibility of chickens to FAV oral infection resulting in IBH/HPS varies throughout the course of CAV infection.  相似文献   

Effects of physical properties on incidence of breakage in canned white potatoes     

N. B. Reid  B. P. Marks  A. R. Gonzalez  T. J. Siebenmorgen 《American Journal of Potato Research》2000,77(5):319-324

During commercial sterilization of whole white potatoes, mild to severe breakage sometimes occurs. Physical properties of potatoes were measured before and after sterilization. These included major diameter, minor diameter, density, dry matter content, amylographic viscosity, compressive breaking strength, and tensile breaking strength. The experimental data were evaluated in terms of mean values from 33 different truckloads sampled at a commercial canning facility (60 tubers sampled per load). These properties were statistically compared to the incidence of breakage in sterilized potatoes. The results did not show significant relationships between any of the raw potato properties and the incidence of breakage. However, several properties of the sterilized potatoes (major diameter, peak viscosity, peak viscosity temperature) were linearly related to breakage (R² = 0.84).  相似文献   

水牛感染肝片吸虫后红细胞免疫功能的变化   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王丙云  陈龙 《中国兽医寄生虫病》2000,8(1):1-3

选择２０头２－３岁、体重３００－４００ｋｇ健康雄性去势水牛,经粪便检查和Ｄｏｔ－ＥＬＩＳＡ检测确认为无肝片形吸虫感染后进行两个系列的实验。第一系列实验８头水牛随机分成感染组（ｎ＝５）和对照组（ｎ＝３）,感染组每头水牛每天口服６０个囊蚴,连续２０天,共感染１２００年囊蚴,研究慢性感染方式对机体红细胞免疫功能的影响;第二系列实验１２头水牛随机分成感染组（ｎ＝９）和对照组（ｎ＝３）,感染组每头水牛１次性  相似文献   

7-Coumaryl permethrate and its cis- and trans-isomers as new fluorescent substrates for examining pyrethroid- cleaving enzymes     

Orihuela PL  Picollo MI  Audino PG  Barrios S  Zerba E  Masuh H 《Pest management science》2006,62(11):1039-1044

New esterase substrates were synthesized using cis-, trans- and cis-trans-permethrinic acid chloride and then used to measure pyrethroid-cleaving enzymes in insects. The new substrates, namely cis-, trans- and cis-trans-7-coumaryl permethrates (7-CP), show a structure very similar to permethrin insecticide and yield fluorescent products on hydrolysis. These substrates were hydrolyzed by a commercial porcine preparation that provided esterase-specific activity, and were stable at different pH values (5.2-7.8). Studies made with house fly, Musca domestica (L.), homogenates showed that these compounds are appropriate for determining pyrethroid hydrolysis activity on individual insects. The measured activity of house fly esterase was 870 relative fluorescence units (RFU) min(-1) with cis-7-CP as substrate, 1117 RFU min(-1) with trans-7-CP as substrate and 1423 RFU min(-1) with cis-trans-7-CP as substrate. The fluorescent substrates for pyrethroid-cleaving esterases described in this paper have advantages over methods already given in the literature. They are substrates with structures very similar to pyrethroids, the cleavage of which can be followed by an increase in fluorescence emission at 440 nm; it takes only about 5 min to measure the reaction, and moreover the high sensitivity of the fluorescence technique allows the quantification of esterase activity on individual insects.  相似文献