Pharmacologic-endocrinological findings in animal experiments with TURISYNCHRON and SUISYNCHRON. 4. Analysis of residuals in pig carcasses     

G Steiner  C Claussen  K R?che  M Grass  K H Chemnitius 《Archiv fuer experimentelle veterinaermedizin》1974,28(5):687-696

Twelve groups of German Edelschwein were given the recommended dosage of metallibure zinc complex (SUISYNCHRON) or 5 and 10 times this dosage. Residues were determined in liver, muscle and fat of pigs killed 3-5 hours or 1,2,4,7 or 10 days after the end of administration. In agreement with report in the literature, the highest content was found in liver, followed by meat, with hardly any residues in fat. Taking into account the accuracy of the method of determination, significant residues were present in the liver of pigs given ten times the normal dosage and killed after 3-5 hours of 1 and 2 days, but in muscle only in those killed after 3-5 hours; the content in fat did not differ significantly from that of the untreated controls.  相似文献   

Smooth Muscle Cells of the Bovine Cervical Stroma may have a Secretory, rather than a Contractile Function during Parturition     

E van Engelen  VNA Breeveld-Dwarkasing  ME Everts  GC van der Weyden  MAM Taverne  VPMG Rutten 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2009,44(2):303-311

The bovine cervix contains a large amount of smooth muscle cells distributed over an outer muscular layer and within a stromal layer. The stromal layer exhibits no electromyographic (EMG) activity at parturition. This leads to the question whether the stromal smooth muscle cells of the bovine cervix are prepared to contract with parturition, or whether they have another function. To this end, cervical biopsies were repeatedly taken from 10 pregnant cows at day-185 and -275 of gestation, at spontaneous, uncomplicated calving and at 30 days after calving. The smooth muscle bundles of the stroma were immunohistochemically analysed (n = 5) with regard to their integrity and cellular density, and the degree of staining for connexin-43, smooth muscle actin α (SMA), desmin and vimentin. Additionally, the mRNA expression for connexin-43, SMA, desmin and vimentin was determined with RT-PCR (n = 5). The smooth muscle tissue was arranged in bundles, also at parturition. However, the cellular density of these bundles and the SMA mRNA expression were decreased at parturition. Additionally, the SMA staining and connexin-43 expression and staining remained constant during pregnancy and at parturition. This might indicate that stromal smooth muscle cells are not prepared to contract with parturition, in contrast to the myometrial smooth muscle cells. The smooth muscle cells, stained for SMA, also expressed vimentin, and the proportion of co-expression was increased at day-275 of pregnancy. This suggests that the stromal smooth muscle cells predominantly have a secretory function in cows.  相似文献   

Cervical Ripening and Parturition in Cows are Driven by a Cascade of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines     

E van Engelen  MW de Groot  VNA Breeveld-Dwarkasing  ME Everts  GC van der Weyden  MAM Taverne  VPMG Rutten 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2009,44(5):834-841

The final stages of cervical ripening and parturition resemble an inflammatory process. Although the role of cytokines in both spontaneous and experimentally induced parturitions has been described in several small laboratory animals and humans, the involvement of pro‐inflammatory and regulatory cytokines in physiologic parturition in cows has not been determined. In this study, the cytokine expression profiles were assessed in bovine cervical tissue at several stages of pregnancy and at parturition. Serial biopsy samples of the cervix were obtained from 10 cows on day 185 and day 275 of pregnancy (which was on average 5.4 days before parturition) and at parturition. Messenger RNA expression levels of interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)α were determined using real‐time polymerase chain reaction and the number of neutrophils and eosinophils was estimated by Luna and Sirius Red staining. At parturition, IL‐8 expression had increased 430‐fold (p < 0.001) when compared with that of the day 185 of pregnancy, large numbers of neutrophils had invaded the cervix while eosinophils remained scarce, IL‐1β had increased eightfold (p < 0.05) and IL‐6 had not changed significantly. Additionally, IL‐10 was increased by 10‐fold (p < 0.001) and TNFα decreased by 57% (p < 0.05) when compared with that of the day 185 of pregnancy. The large increase in expression of IL‐8, enabling the influx of neutrophils, is indicative of its important role in the final stage of cervical ripening and at parturition. As previous studies have shown that neutrophils excrete matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), this might contribute to softening of the cervix. In contrast, the only slightly increased levels of IL‐1, steady concentrations of IL‐6 and decreased TNFα, the potential consequences of increased IL‐10 expression, indicate that final cervical of cows in ripening at term parturition is an inflammatory process influenced by regulatory cytokines.  相似文献   

Genetic Description of Factor XI Deficiency in Holstein Semen in Western Japan     

ME Ghanem  M Nishibori 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2009,44(5):792-796

Factor XI deficiency was detected in Holstein cows and mummified foetuses in Japan; however, no report is available about the occurrence of Factor XI deficiency in Holstein semen in Japan. Five hundred cows in twelve dairy farms in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan were under the study. Genomic DNA was extracted from the cows using a commercial DNA kits and screened to Factor XI mutation. Based on the information of the carrier cows found in the cattle population, four Holstein bulls were analysed for Factor XI mutation. DNA was extracted from bull's semen using phenol chloroform method. Extracted genomic DNA of the bull's semen was typed for Factor XI using specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers. The resultant PCR was sequenced using big dye terminator sequencing method. The pedigree of the bulls was investigated. Furthermore, the inheritance of Factor XI mutation to next generation was estimated. Out of the 500 cows, five were heterozygous to Factor XI. Moreover, out of the four bulls, one was found to carry the mutation of Factor XI; it was also a complex vertebral malformation (CVM) carrier. In DNA sequencing, the insertion mutation of 76 bp of poly-adenine that characterizes the Factor XI deficiency was detected in the carrier bull as well as the carrier cows. Pedigree analysis of the carrier bull revealed that his father and mother ID were 2247419A and 14189172A, respectively, that originated from USA Holstein. Out of six daughter cows born to the carrier bull, one cow (16.6%) inherited Factor XI mutation, while three of them (50.0%) inherited CVM mutation. Autosomal recessive genes that affect cow's reproduction have a particular concern to dairy industry. To our knowledge this is the first report of Factor XI mutation in Holstein semen in Japan.  相似文献   

Analgesic effect of pre-operative etodolac and butorphanol administration in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy     

T  Inoue  JCH Ko  RE Mandsager  ME Payton  DS Galloway  DN Lange 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2003,30(2):109-110

The analgesic, bleeding, and renal effects of dogs pre‐medicated with etodolac with and without butorphanol were evaluated. Twenty‐four 1‐year‐old healthy dogs, weighing 19 ± 3 kg (mean ± SD) were randomly assigned to four treatment groups (n = 6): control (C), etodolac (E), butorphanol (B), and etodolac with butorphanol (EB). Etodolac (12–14 mg kg^?1 PO) was given 1 hour before propofol induction and isoflurane maintenance anesthesia. Butorphanol (0.4 mg kg^?1 IV) was given immediately following endotracheal intubation. Control dogs received only propofol (8 mg kg^?1 to effect) and isoflurane anesthesia. All dogs were mechanically ventilated to maintain Pe ′CO₂ between 35 and 45 mm Hg (4.7–6.0 kPa). Lactated Ringer's solution was given at 10 mL kg^?1 hour^?1 during anesthesia. Plasma cortisol concentrations were assessed 1 day prior to surgery (baseline), immediately prior to anesthesia induction, and every 30 minutes until 5 hours following extubation, and 1 day after surgery. Total duration of anesthesia was 50 minutes and total surgery duration was 30 minutes. Isoflurane concentration area under the curve (AUC) over time during the anesthesia was compared among treatment groups. Buccal mucosal bleeding time (BMBT) was assessed 1 day before E administration and during surgery. Urine GGT to urine creatinine ratio, BUN, and plasma creatinine were taken daily from 1 day before to 3 days after surgery. Behavioral pain scores (numerical rating scale) were assessed by two observers blinded to the treatment during the 5‐hour recovery period at 30 minute intervals until 3 hours, and again at 5 hours after extubation. All data were analyzed using anova . Multiple comparisons were performed if the anova was significant. Alpha value was set at 0.05. Plasma cortisol concentrations significantly increased from time of extubation in all the treatment groups. They did not return to the baseline until 5, 2.5, 1.5, and 1.5 hours after extubation in the C, B, E, and EB groups, respectively. Isoflurane AUC was not significantly different among treatment groups. Dogs treated with EB had significantly less behavioral pain than all other groups throughout the 5‐hour recovery period. No significant difference was found between treatment groups or within treatment groups over time in BMBT, or any renal variables. This study demonstrated that (i) pre‐operative administration of E provides profound analgesia during the post‐operative period without renal or bleeding side‐effects in dogs undergoing OHE; and (ii) a combination of butorphanol–etodolac provides the best analgesic effect during the post‐operative period based on the behavioral pain score.  相似文献   

Rubber production of salt-stressed guayule at various plant populations     

G. J. Hoffman  M. C. Shannon  E. V. Maas  L. Grass 《Irrigation Science》1988,9(3):213-226

Summary The hypothesis that increasing the plant population of guayule (Parthenium argentatum) to compensate for the reduced plant canopy size caused by soil salinity coupled with an anticipated enchancement of rubber production under the moderate environmental stress imposed by salinity was tested in a field plot experiment in the Imperial Valley of California. Irrigation waters having electrical conductivities (EG _i ) of 1.2, 3.2, 6.5, and 9.4 dS/m were applied for 4 years to plots having plant populations of 28,000, 56,000, and 84,000 plants per hectare. The influence of salinity on rubber and resin production was independent of plant population. The salt tolerance threshold, maximum average salinity level of the root zone measured as the electrical conductivity of saturated soil extracts ( ) without yield reduction, was 7.5 dS/m; beyond this threshold, rubber production was reduced 6.1% per unit increase of soil salinity. The salinity values were averaged through the root zone from planting to harvest. The average rubber content — 7.9% — was altered little by treatment or harvest age for 2- to 4-year-old plants. Resin content averaged 8.4% but increased salinity and increased plant population increased the resin content slightly in some cases. Dry matter production of shoots for the nonsaline treatment was 259 kg/ha/month for pollarded (clipped) shoots after 31 months, 203 kg/ha/month for shoots harvested after 43 months, and 401 kg/ha/month for the 24-month period after pollarding. Combining the shoot mass after 31 and 55 months gave an average growth rate of 321 kg/ha, supporting the recommendation for pollarding. Monthly growth rates for the lowest salt treatment (3.2 dS/m) were about 10% less than for the nonsaline treatment (1.2 dS/m). The hypothesis tested was proven to be false because neither increased salinity nor increased plant population increased rubber production.  相似文献   

日本血吸虫非叉型尾蚴感染动物试验   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

谢银杰  吴定宇  杨建发  孙绍美  孙秀涛  段纲  邹丰才 《中国畜牧兽医》2011,38(3):226-227

试验采集云南巍山地区自然条件下的钉螺,压碎钉螺、检获尾蚴,发现为非叉型尾蚴。将非叉型尾蚴400~850条/只经皮肤感染家兔,同时,用云南洱源的叉型尾蚴作对照试验。感染后50～55 d解剖兔子,试验组检获到日本血吸虫,荷虫量为10～15条/只。试验结果表明,云南巍山非叉型尾蚴能感染动物,该试验结果为丰富日本血吸虫的生活史提供了极有价值的补充。  相似文献   

生态型农业观光园规划设计   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵志刚  谢小立  陈安磊  王凯荣 《北方园艺》2011,(11):199-202

通过阐述园区规划设计原则及理论根据,结合实例分析了生态型农业观光园的设计内容,有利于更好的研究与开发农业观光园项目。  相似文献   

乌冈栎地理分布与水热环境因子的关系     

谢春平  方彦  方炎明 《水土保持研究》2011,18(1):125-131

在广泛收集乌冈栎地理分布资料的基础上,利用目前常用的植被与气候相互关系的研究方法,结合温暖指数(WI)、寒冷指数(CI)、干燥度指数(K)、水热综合指数(S)、年均生物温度(BT)、可蒸散量(PET)和年均可能蒸发量率(PER),以及单一的气象因子一月均温(TM-Jan)、七月均温(TM-Jul)、最高温(TMax)、最低温(TMin)、年均温(TM-A)、年均降水量(PM)等,对乌冈栎在东亚地区的地理分布及其与气候的关系进行了研究。结果表明:乌冈栎在中国地理分布在23°-34°N、100°-120°E,日本分布在26°-37°N、128°-140°E,均属于亚热带分布。气候环境指数研究的结果表明乌冈栎各项指数平均值均较低,与亚热带分布的青冈的指数接近,因此其性质为亚热带耐寒树种。通过热量曲线的比较,反映了中日两国乌冈栎分布范围的差异。结合主成分分析可知,影响乌冈栎分布的最主要因素是温度,并将其分布区划分为5类,包括:日本区(A)、中国华东区(B)中国西南部区(C)、中国西北部区(D)和中国南部区(E)。最后建立了乌冈栎生物地理模型,对预测该物种的分布提供了科学参考依据。  相似文献   

The effect of extension and loading of the carpus on radial rotation     

Erez Bitton DVM  Rotem Joseph DVM  Diplomate ECVS  Lena Portman BSc  Gilad Segev DVM  Diplomate ECVIM‐CA  Yaron Meiner BSc ME  Anna Shipov DVM  Diplomate ECVS  Joshua Milgram BVSc  Diplomate ECVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2013,42(8):909-917

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