Mountain oases in northern Oman: An environment for evolution and<Emphasis Type="Italic"> in situ</Emphasis> conservation of plant genetic resources     

Jens Gebauer  Eike Luedeling  Karl Hammer  Maher Nagieb  Andreas Buerkert 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(3):465-481

Several botanical studies have been conducted in different parts of Oman, but knowledge about agro-biodiversity in the rapidly decaying ancient mountain oases of this country remains scarce. To fill this gap we assessed the genetic resources of three mountain oases in the al-Hajar range using a GIS-based field survey and farmer interviews. While arid conditions prevail throughout the mountain range, the different elevations of Balad Seet (950–1020 m a.s.l.), Maqta (930–1180 m a.s.l.) and Al Jabal al Akhdar (1750–1930 m a.s.l.) provide markedly differing agro-climatic conditions. Overall, 107 different crop species were identified belonging to 39 families. Species number was highest among fruits (33 spp.), followed by vegetables (24 spp.). Intensive irrigation allows cultivation of a broad range of species at all oases. However, the number of species varied significantly between sites. Fruit species diversity and homogeneity of distribution of individual fruit species was highest at Balad Seet and lowest at Maqta as indicated by respective Shannon indices of 1.00 and 0.39 and evenness values of 32% and 16%. Century plant (Agave americana L.), faba bean (Vicia faba L. var. minor Peterm. em. Harz) and lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) were identified as relict crops, supporting oral reports of past cultivation and providing evidence of genetic erosion. Some species, such as the temperate fruits of Al Jabal al Akhdar, were exclusively found at the coolest site, while others only occurred at the hotter locations. Overall greatest species similarity was found between Balad Seet and Al Jabal al Akhdar as indicated by a Sørensen coefficient of similarity of 67%. At all oases a multilayered vegetation structure dominated with a canopy, an understory and a ground layer. Greatest species richness was recorded in the lowest stratum. Overall the study shows a location-specific but surprisingly diverse mosaic of crops in Omani mountain oases which merits further studies and conservation efforts.  相似文献   

Foxtail millet (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Setaria italica</Emphasis> (L.) P. Beauv.) in Mazandaran/Northern Iran     

Karl Hammer  Korous Khoshbakht 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(4):907-911

Foxtail millet, Setaria italica is still cultivated in Mazandaran (N-Iran). It is used for the preparation of local food and for feeding cage-birds. The cultivated race is convar. moharia, formerly widely grown from Europe to SW Asia. The newly found material allows conclusion with respect to evolution and distribution of this old crop.

Korous KhoshbakhtEmail:

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Probing the chiroptical response of a single molecule     

Hassey R  Swain EJ  Hammer NI  Venkataraman D  Barnes MD 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,314(5804):1437-1439

Chirally sensitive measurement techniques have generally been restricted to bulk samples. Here, we report the observation of fluorescence-detected circular dichroism (FDCD) from single (bridgedtriarylamine) helicene molecules by using an excitation wavelength (457 nanometers) in the vicinity of an electronic transition that shows circular dichroism in bulk samples. The distributions of dissymmetry (g) parameters by analysis of signals from pure M- and P-type diastereomers are almost perfect mirror images of one another, each spanning a range of both positive and negative values. In addition, we observe a well-defined structure in the histogram of dissymmetry parameters suggestive of specific molecular orientations at the polymer interface. These single-molecule results highlight strong intrinsic circular dichroism responses that can be obscured by cancellation effects in ensemble measurements of a randomly oriented bulk sample.  相似文献   

Second meiotic spindle integrity requires MEK/MAP kinase activity in mouse eggs     

Petrunewich MA  Trimarchi JR  Hanlan AK  Hammer MA  Baltz JM 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2009,55(1):30-38

ERK-type MAP kinase activity is required for normal first meiotic (MI) metaphase spindle dynamics and first polar body formation at the MI/MII transition, and for MII arrest until egg activation. MEK and MAPK, however, remain active until meiosis is completed and pronuclei form, but whether MEK/MAPK activity affects MII spindle function during egg activation has been unknown. Polarized light microscopy revealed that the MII spindle rapidly (within approximately 15 min) lost birefringence upon treatment of the egg with U0126, indicating decreased organization at the molecular level upon MEK inhibition. In contrast, birefringence rapidly increased when MPF was inhibited with roscovitine, and this was similar to the increased birefringence previously shown after fertilization or parthenogenetic activation with Sr(2+). Confocal microscopy indicated that many spindles in U0126-activated eggs had failed to rotate or were dissociated from the egg cortex. Subsequently, abnormally-located midbodies were evident in U0126-induced parthenogenotes. Thus, MEK/MAPK activity is required to maintain the ordered structure of the MII spindle and for normal spindle dynamics during second polar body formation.  相似文献   

Leukoerythroblastosis and normoblastemia in the cat     

Hammer AS  Wellman M 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》1999,35(6):471-473

Over a six-month period, 6% of 313 cats evaluated hematologically had either leukoerythroblastosis or normoblastemia. Diseases associated with these hematological conditions included haemobartonellosis, hepatic lipidosis, trauma, viral and bacterial infections, myeloproliferative disorders, and hemangiosarcoma. The finding of leukoerythroblastosis or normoblastemia may aid in diagnosing cats presenting with nonspecific signs.  相似文献   

Recommendations for keeping birds of prey and owls according to animal welfare regulations     

W Hammer  M Heidenreich  J K?sters  G Trommer 《Tier?rztliche Praxis》1989,17(1):59-70

In the Federal Republic of Germany the ownership of birds of prey and owls is subject to legal provisions for the conservation of nature and wildlife, as well as to the game law. Minimal requirements for housing and care of such birds result from regulations for animal welfare. According to these--arranged as to the pertinent paragraphs--recommendations are supplied for dealing with all aspects of animal welfare in the management and care of birds of prey and owls.  相似文献   

二甲硝咪唑及其代谢物在猪体内的消除规律   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

张雨梅  谢恺舟  曹永忠  褚德明 《中国兽医学报》2001,21(3):293-296

建立了应用HPLC法测定二甲硝咪唑（DMZ）在猪组织中残留的方法。在猪肌肉、肝脏、肾脏、脂肪等组织中添加高、中、低不同量的二甲硝咪唑，HPLC测定的回收率均在80％以上，变异系数在10％以内。肌肉、肝脏、肾脏的最低检测限为10μg/kg，脂肪为50μg/kg。同时研究了二甲硝咪唑在猪组织中残留的消除规律。试验结果认为，二甲硝咪唑在猪体内很快地转变为2－羟甲基硝基咪唑（DMZOH），DMZOH是其主要代谢物。以300、600mg/kg的剂量连续内服5d，停药48h后各组织中均检测不到DMZ及DMZOH。  相似文献   

Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia outbreak in captive wild ungulates at Al Wabra Wildlife Preservation, State of Qatar.   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Abdi Arif  Julia Schulz  Fran?ois Thiaucourt  Abid Taha  Sven Hammer 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2007,38(1):93-96

Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) caused by Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae is a highly contagious and serious respiratory disease of domestic goats, characterized by coughing, severe respiratory distress, and high mortality rates. The lesions at necropsy are mainly a fibrinous pleuropneumonia with increased straw-colored pleural fluid. An outbreak of CCPP in wild goat (Capra aegagrus), Nubian ibex (Capra ibex nubiana), Laristan mouflon (Ovis orientalis laristanica), and gerenuk (Litocranius walleri) occurred at Al Wabra Wildlife Preservation in the State of Qatar. The disease was suspected because of the clinical symptoms and the necropsy findings and was confirmed by the isolation and identification of the causative organism. This new finding indicates that CCPP should be considered a potential threat to wildlife and the conservation of endangered ruminant species, especially in the Middle East, where it is enzootic because of its presence in chronic carriers. Susceptible imported animals should be quarantined and vaccinated. The preferred samples for diagnosis are the pleural fluid, which contains high numbers of Mycoplasma, and sections of hepatized lung, preferably at the interface of normal and diseased tissues. Samples must be shipped to diagnostic laboratories rapidly, and appropriate cool conditions must be maintained during shipping.  相似文献   

Natural remission of nephrotic syndrome in a dog with immune-complex glomerular disease.     

C A Osborne  R F Hammer  J S Resnick  J B Stevens  B L Yano  R L Vernier 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1976,168(2):129-137

A nephrotic syndrome caused by immune-complex glomerular disease was diagnosed in a 4-year-old male Great Dane. The syndrome was characterized by proteinuria, hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia, and subcutaneous edema. Renal biopsy revealed segmental membranous glomerular disease. The edema underwent complete remission 18 days after admission. Two months after admission, there was no clinical or laboratory evidence of glomerular disease. Periodic reevaluation of the dog during the next 2 years revealed recurrence of proteinuria, but no other clinical or laboratory abnormalities. Serial renal biopsies revealed persistence, but no appreciable increase, in the severity of the segmental membranous glomerular disease. The natural course of the nephrotic syndrome and immune-complex glomerular disease has been associated with unpredictable variability. It was concluded that the widespread use of corticosteroid or immunosuppressant therapy in dogs with immune complex glomerular disease should be withheld until the natural course of the disease has been evaluated in a significant number of patients and until the results of well-controlled clinical studies confirm or deny their therapeutic value.  相似文献   

Injury to the origin of the gastrocnemius muscle as a possible cause of lameness in four horses     

Swor TM  Schneider RK  Ross MW  Hammer EJ  Tucker RL 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2001,219(2):215-219

Four horses were evaluated because of hind limb lameness. Two had a distinct gait abnormality at the walk characterized by lateral rotation of the point of the calcaneus and medial rotation of the toe during the stance phase. Nuclear scintigraphy revealed a focal area of intense radioisotope uptake in the caudodistal aspect of the femur in all 4 horses, and 3 of the horses had a corresponding proliferative reaction on the caudodistal cortex of the femur on radiographs. In all 4 horses, a diagnosis of injury to the origin of the gastrocnemius muscle was made. Three of the horses returned to athletic endeavors after an extended period of rest and a gradual return to exercise. The fourth improved after 5 months of rest but became lame again when returned to exercise and was euthanatized.  相似文献