Aplysia gigantea toxicosis in 72 dogs in Western Australia     

RE Peacock  G Hosgood  KL Swindells  L Smart 《Australian veterinary journal》2013,91(7):292-295

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Skeletal deformities associated with nutritional congenital rickets in newborn lambs     

KE Dittmer  RE Morley  RL Smith 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(1):51-55

Abstract

CASE HISTORY: A group of 545 pregnant rising 2-year-old Coopdale ewes on a Southland sheep farm were grazed over winter on a fodder beet (Beta vulgaris) crop. Subsequently, 45 out of approximately 750 lambs were born with a variety of skeletal deformities, including shortened limbs, varus and valgus angular limb deformities, palmar grade stance and cranial bowing of the carpus. Analysis of the crop showed the fodder beet contained a low percentage of phosphorus. In addition, 60 out of 460 rising 2-year-old ewes that had been grazed on the fodder beet crop as 1-year-olds had incisor abnormalities and malocclusion.

PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS: Two affected lambs (1-day-old and 3-days-old) with representative clinical signs examined postmortem were found to have markedly enlarged costochondral junctions, and noticeably enlarged long bone metaphyses. In addition, one lamb had a dense band of metaphyseal sclerosis beneath the physes of all long bones examined. Histopathological findings included small islands and columns of chondrocytes and eosinophilic cartilage matrix present in the metaphysis. Metaphyseal trabeculae were disorganised and often lined by accumulations of pale pink osteoid; similar pale pink osteoid was also present in the cortices. Unerupted molar teeth in the affected lambs lacked a layer of enamel, and the dentine was irregular with globular basophilia.

DIAGNOSIS: The gross and histopathological lesions were consistent with a diagnosis of rickets.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Nutritional congenital rickets has not been previously diagnosed in sheep, but is a recognised disease of human infants with vitamin D deficient mothers. The rickets in affected lambs was most likely associated with phosphorus deficiency as a result of the pregnant ewes grazing fodder beet during gestation. While vitamin D deficiency was not definitively ruled out in these cases, practitioners are alerted to the possible effects of feeding phosphorus-deficient fodder beet to ewes for long periods during gestation and to 1-year-old sheep during important growth periods.  相似文献   

Dystocia in beef heifers: A review of genetic and nutritional influences     

RE Hickson  ST Morris  PR Kenyon  N Lopez-Villalobos 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(6):256-264

Breeding beef heifers for the first time at 15 months of age has potential to increase the efficiency of the beef breeding-cow herd. An increased incidence of dystocia in heifers calving at 2 years of age, compared to mature cows, is a major reason many farmers in New Zealand have not adopted the practice. The predominant type of dystocia affecting 2-year-old heifers is feto-maternal disproportion, a condition in which the fetus is too large relative to the size of the heifer's pelvis. Reducing birthweight of the calf is a means of reducing the incidence of dystocia. Birthweight and length of gestation are determined by genotype of the calf, maternal genetic effects and environmental effects.

Bulls with low estimated breeding values for birthweight have been selected for mating heifers; however, the positive genetic correlation between birthweight and mature weight meant that the progeny of these bulls tended to be lighter at finishing, making them less desirable in the beef industry. The genotype of the dam also plays a role in determining the risk of dystocia; the maternal ability of the dam to nurture the fetus influences birth- weight, and the dam's genetic potential for growth influences the size of her pelvic area. Heavy heifers tend to produce high- birthweight calves, counteracting the reduction in the incidence of dystocia resulting from the larger pelvis in larger heifers.

Manipulating feeding level during pregnancy offers an alternative method for manipulating the birthweight of calves. Little is known about the effects of nutrition in early gestation on placental development or birthweight of calves. No differences in the birthweight of calves have been observed in response to variation in feeding in mid-pregnancy, and variable responses in birthweight and the incidence of dystocia to feeding in the third trimester of pregnancy have been reported. Differences in birthweight have not always resulted in differences in the incidence of dystocia, primarily due to differences in liveweight of the heifer also induced by feeding regimens. Variability in the incidence of dystocia in response to feeding level in the third trimester of pregnancy makes it difficult to make recommendations for the feeding of heifers at this stage of gestation. More research is needed into the effects of nutrition in early gestation on fetal and placental development in cattle.  相似文献   

The Expression of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in Porcine Ovarian Cells     

O Jablonska  RE Ciereszko 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2013,48(5):710-716

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Effect of cattle breed on innate resistance to inoculations of Babesia bigemina     

RE BOCK  TG KINGSTN  NF STANDFAST  AJ de  VOS 《Australian veterinary journal》1999,77(7):465-466

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Investigation of threatened arable weeds and their conservation status in Turkey     

C TÜRE  & H BÖCÜK 《Weed Research》2008,48(3):289-296

Agronomic operations carried out in arable lands may cause changes in weed populations and also decrease the number of animal species that depend on these weed species. An emerging paradigm is the conservation and sustainability of weed species. In this study, risk status of arable weeds in Turkey was evaluated and it was determined that 112 of them (76 endemic and 36 non-endemic species) were at risk according to the IUCN Red List. Turkey is extremely diverse, with over 3000 endemic plant species out of nearly 12 000 recorded. Considering endemic weeds, they are classified in the following risk categories: critically endangered (four weed species), endangered (EN) (six), vulnerable (VU) (14), near threatened (seven), least concern (41) and data deficient (DD) (four species). Among the non-endemic weeds, three species are EN, 31 VU and two are DD. The families with the highest threatened weed species are Scrophulariaceae, Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Brassicaceae and Lamiaceae. The identification of weed species in arable habitats and their risk status is a useful tool for assessing and monitoring how the sustainability of weed populations is affected by farming practices. The results show the necessity of adopting new environment-friendly agricultural methods to conserve the high number of endemic weed species under threat in Turkey.  相似文献   

E7 (1057ΔTA) mutation of the acidic α‐glucosidase gene causes Pompe's disease in Droughtmaster cattle          下载免费PDF全文

RE Lyons  DJ Johnston  MR McGowan  A Laing  B Robinson  H Owen  BD Hill  BM Burns 《Australian veterinary journal》2017,95(5):138-142

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Crossability ofSolanum tuberosum Gp. Andigena haploids     

J. A. Landeo  R. E. Hanneman 《American Journal of Potato Research》1979,56(9):427-434

The crossability of Group Andigena haploids was investigated in this study. Groups Phureja, Stenotomum and Tuberosum haploids were crossed to Gp. Andigena haploids reciprocally to estimate the female and male fertility of the latter. The male fertility of Gp. Andigena haploids was reflected by the average seed set from crosses to Gps. Phureja Stenotomum and Tuberosum haploids (69, 43 and 21 seeds per fruit, respectively); female fertility was expressed when Gps. Phureja or Stenotomum served as the male, yielding 48 and 38 seeds per fruit, respectively. To contrast Gp. Andigena and Gp. Tuberosum haploid male fertility, they were crossed among and between themselves. As males, Gp. Andigena haploids gave three to four times the seed set of Gp. Tuberosum haploids. Pollen tube growth was analyzed in various Gp. Andigena haploid crosses to determine the site of cross failure. The results presented provide the basis for the first step in determining the potential of Gp. Andigena haploids in the development of diploid breeding stocks and the 2n gamete approach to potato improvement.  相似文献   

Heterosis and combining ability ofSolanum tuberosum Group Andigena haploids     

J. A. Landeo  R. E. Hanneman Jr. 《Potato Research》1982,25(3):227-237

Summary Combining ability analysis was done on a diallel cross of a random sample of four different cultivated diploid potato populations (Solanum tuberosum Group Andigena haploid, Gp. Tuberosum haploid, Gp. Phureja and Gp. Stenotomum) to determine the amount of heterosis and the gene action involved in the inheritance of tuber yield, fresh vine yield, total plant accumulation (tuber+vine) fresh and dried, dry vine yield and density (specific gravity). The analyses of variance on data from two locations demonstrated significant general combining ability for most traits, indicating a preponderance of additive gene action. Specific combining ability was not significant for any of the traits. Heritabilities for the more important traits such as tuber yield and density were large enough to ensure progress from selection.

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Zusammenfassung Es wurde die Analyse der Kombinationsf?higkeit einer diallelen Kreuzung von einer zuf?lligen Auswahl aus vier verschiedenen kultivierten diploiden Kartoffelpopulationen —Solanum tuberosum Gruppe Andigena (haploid, AH), Gruppe Tuberosum (haploid, TH), Gruppe Phyreja (PHU) und Gruppe stenotomum (STN) — durchgeführt, um das Ausmass an Heterosis und Genwirkung zu ermitteln, welches an der Vererbung von Knollenertrag, Ertrag von frischem Kraut, gesamter pflanzlicher Akkumulation (Knollen und Kraut, frisch und getrocknet), trockenem Krautertrag und Dichte beteiligt war. Das mittlere Gesamtgewicht an Knollen (Tab. 2) war für die TH×STN-F₁-Hybriden (0,75 kg/Pflanze) am h?chsten, danach folgte TH×PHU (0,59 kg/Pflanze), AH×TH (0,38 kg/Pflanze) und AH×PHU (0,23 kg/Pflanze). Eine ?hnliche Folge der Mittelwerte war beim Gewicht von Knollen+Kraut und bei der Gesamtproduktion an Trockenmasse zu beobachten. Bei Gewicht von frischem und trockenem Kraut hatten gew?hnlich die AH-Hybriden den h?chsten Ertrag. Die STN-Hybriden ergaben hohe Dichte. Beim Vergleich mit den Elternmittel-Werten glichen oder übertrafen die Hybriden diese in allen sechs Eigenschaften (Tab. 2). Die TH, STN und PHU-Hybriden übertrafen das elterliche Mittel entsprechend um 135, 145 und 117%. Die Hybriden aller vier Elternpopulationen übertrafen das elterliche Mittel bei Gesamttrockenmasse und drei der vier Hybriden beim Gewicht von Knollen+Kraut. Die Dichte aller Hybriden glich dem Elternmittel-Wert, der potentielle Bereich des prozentualen elterlichen Mittels ist jedoch gering. Die F₁-Hybriden übertrafen ohne Ausnahme das elterliche Mittel für Gesamtgewicht der Knollen, Gewicht von Knollen+Kraut und Gesamtproduktion von Trockenmasse (Tab. 2). Die mittleren Quadrate der allgemeinen Kombinationsf?higkeit (GCA) waren hochsignifikant für Gesamtgewicht der Knollen, Gewicht des frischen Krautes, Trockengewicht des Krautes und Dichte, dagegen nichtsignifikant für die Gesamtakkumulation bei frischen und bei getrockneten Pflanzen (Knollen+Kraut, Tab. 3). Ebenso wenig waren die mittleren Quadrate für spezifische Kombinationsf?higkeit (SCA) für eine der Eigenschaften signifikant. Eine starke GCA×Standort-Wechselwirkung zeigte sich bei Gesamtgewicht an Knollen und bei Gesamttrockenmasse, sie wurde deshalb von GCA eliminiert, um die Vererbung dieser Eigenschaft in engerem Sinne zu berechnen. Gesamtgewicht der Knollen (h ² =0,875) und Dichte (h ²=0,703) zeigten hohe Vererbbarkeit, w?hrend gesamte pflanzliche Akkumulation (Knollen+Kraut) frisch (h ²=0,040) und trocken (h ²=0,184) niedrige Vererbbarkeit zeigten. Gewicht von frischem Kraut (h ²=0,499) und von getrocknetem Kraut (h ²=0,573) ergaben m?ssige Vererbbarkeit. Daraus wurde geschlossen, dass additive Geneffekte als wichtig bei der Verbesserung dieser Populationen anzusehen sind. Sogar bei bekannten nachteiligen Effekten wie grosser Tagesl?nge und hoher Temperatur auf die Knolleninitiierung und-entwicklung, erh?hten die im Kurztag kultivierten und in dieser Arbeit verwendeten südamerikanischen Gruppen AH, STN und PHU im Hybridstadium die Knollenbildung betr?chtlich, obwohl die maximale Vitalit?t der Hybriden hinsichtlich der Knollenbildung durch die ungünstige Photoperiode beeintr?chtigt war. Die gesamte pflanzliche Akkumulation (Knollen+Kraut) mag ein guter Indikator für Heterosis-bedingte Reaktionen sein, die gesamte Akkumulation an Trockenmasse (Knollen+Kraut) erscheint jedoch zur Ermittlung der Heterosis in nichtadaptiertem Material noch geeigneter.

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Résumé L'analyse de la capacité de combinaison a été faite sur un échantillon issu de croisement diallèle, pris au hasard dans les populations de quatre types de pommes de terre diplo?des cultivées:Solanum tuberosum groupe Andigena haplo?des (AH), groupe Tuberosum haplo?de (TH), groupe Phureja (PHU) et groupe Sténotonum (STN) pour déterminer le degré d'hétérosis et l'effet génétique dans la transmission du rendement en tubercules et en fanes, de la production totale (tubercules+fanes) par rapport à la matière fra?che et à la matière sèche, de la densité. La moyenne du poids total de tubercules (tableau 2) a été la plus élevée pour l'hybride F₁, TH×SIN (0,75 kg/butte) suivie par TH×PHU (0,59 kg/butte), AH×TH (0,38 kg/butte) et AH×STN (0,32 kg/butte). Un classement analogue des moyennes a été obtenu pour le poids des tubercules plus celui des fanes et la production totale de matière sèche. En ce qui concerne le poids des fanes fra?ches et sèches, les hybrides AH ont eu généralement le rendement le plus haut. Les hybrides STN ont donné une densité élevée. Quand les hybrides ont été comparés au ‘mid parent’ (voir définition tableau 2) leur valeur a généralement dépassé celle de ce dernier pour les six critères (tableau 2). Les hybrides TH, STN et PHU ont dépassé respectivement le rendement total en tubercules du ‘mid parent’ de 135, 145 et 117%. Les hybrides des quatre populations parentales ont dépassé le ‘mid parent’ pour la matière sèche totale, et trois d'entre eux pour les poids de tubercules plus fanes. La densité a égalé la valeur du ‘mid parent’ pour tous les hybrides, mais la fourchette du pourcentage au niveau de ce critère était petite pour le ‘mid parent’. Les performances des hybrides F₁ ont été supérieures à ce dernier pour le poids total de tubercules, le poids de tubercules plus fanes et la production totale de matière sèche (tableau 2). Les carrés des moyennes de la capacité générale de combinaison (GCA) ont été hautement significatifs pour le poids total des tubercules, le poids de fanes fra?ches et sèches et la densité; toutefois, il n'ont pas été significatifs pour la production de matière fra?che et sèche du total tubercules plus fanes (tableau 3). Les carrés des moyennes de la capacité spécifique de combinaisons (SCA) n'ont été significatifs pour aucun des critères. Une forte interaction GCA×localité a été observé pour le poids total des tubercules et la matière sèche totale; elle a été éliminée de la GCA pour le calcul précis de la transmission à ce niveau. On a déduit de ces résultats que l'effet des gènes additifs a été important vis à vis de ces populations. Même avec l'action des jours longs et des températures élevées, préjudiciables à l'initiation de la tubérisation et au développement des tubercules, les groupes Sud Américains cultivés AM, STN et PHU, atilisés dans cette étude, ont accru la tubérisation au stade hybride bien que leur vigueur maximum ait été pénalisée par une photopériode défavorable. La production totale de matière fra?che (tubercules+fanes) peut être un bon indicateur de la réponse à l'hétérosis, mais la production totale de matière sèche (tubercules+fanes) est souvent meilleure pour la détermination de l'hétérosis d'un matériel inadapté.

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新疆甜菜高产高效益优化农艺措施     

聂文魁  王燕飞  杨洪泽  刘华君  刘军  高卫时  张立明  热西提 《中国糖料》2002,(4):18-20

采用3因素5水平二次通用旋转回归试验设计方法,选取密度、种肥量、追肥量3项对甜菜高产、高效益起关键作用的农艺措施进行量化分析,提出直播方式下的高产、高效益模型,获得了60t/hm2以上和净收益7000元/hm2以上的优化农艺措施组合方案为:密度8.42～8.34万株/hm2,种肥222～248.4kg/hm2,追肥383～408.6kg/hm2。  相似文献