Components of soil organic matter under grass and arable cropping     

D.C. Whitehead  Hazel Buchan  R.D. Hartley 《Soil biology & biochemistry》1975,7(1):65-71

Components of the organic matter have been studied in three soils from adjacent sites with different long-term treatments: soil I, prolonged arable cultivation; soil II, 17 years under grass after prolonged arable cultivation; and soil III, old pasture. Contents of total organic C in the top 15cm were 0.9% in soil I. 1.7% in soil II and 4.8% in soil III. The light fraction, comprising partially decomposed materials with a specific gravity < 2.06, represented greater proportions of the organic C in soils II and III (20–23 per cent) than in soil I (8.5 per cent). The light fraction of soil III had a relatively high N content.The proportions of the soil organic C released, by hydrolysis, as neutral sugars, uronic acids, amino sugars, amino acids and phenolic acids were generally similar in the three soils, although uronic acids and phenolic acids constituted somewhat greater proportions in soils II and III than in I.The light fractions contained greater proportions of neutral sugars and phenolic acids, and smaller proportions of amino sugars and amino acids than the whole soils.  相似文献   

Rundschau     

RD i. R. Dr. Edmund Leib 《Journal of pest science》1986,59(4):77-78

Ohne ZusammenfassungPflanzenschutzorganisation für Europa und die Mittelmeerländer  相似文献   

Rundschau     

RD i. R. Dr. Emdund Leib 《Journal of pest science》1983,56(5):98-102

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Umweltorientierter Pflanzenschutz     

RD Dr. Edmund Leib 《Journal of pest science》1970,43(8):113-117

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

Effects of ration level in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), on sensory characteristics, lipid content and fatty acid composition     

L. JOHANSSON  A. KIESSLING  T. ÅSGÅRD  L. BERGLUND 《Aquaculture Nutrition》1995,1(1):59-66

Effects of feed ration levels (RLs) and age on sensory characteristics, fillet lipid content (LC) and fatty acid composition (FA) of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), fillet were investigated in a longitudinal feeding experiment. Daily RLs were administered as a percentage of the ration size necessary for expected maximum growth (RL100). Fish on RL50, RL75, RL100 and RL200 were sampled at 1.4, 2.0 and 2.4 years of age. Analyses of LC and FA were carried out on a fillet cross-section. Sensory analyses were performed by an expert panel using ranking and conventional profiling. RL had no effect on the intensity of fresh smell or any sensory characteristic of taste or consistency of fish on RLs over 75%, irrespective of age; fish on RL50, however, scored significantly lower for fresh taste and firmness. Age had no effect on the intensity of total taste, whereas fresh taste increased and rancidity decreased with increasing age irrespective of RL. LC related strongly to RL and age, and increased up to 2.0 years of age. An increase in LC resulted in a higher level of monounsaturated FA and a lower level of polyunsaturated FA. A restriction to RL75 had no negative effects on sensory characteristics, LC or FA of the fillet.  相似文献   

Recovery from neuromuscular block in dogs: restoration of spontaneous ventilation does not exclude residual blockade     

Manuel Martin‐Flores  Daniel M Sakai  Luis Campoy  RD Gleed 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2014,41(3):269-277

ObjectiveTo evaluate if return of spontaneous ventilation to pre-relaxation values indicates complete recovery from neuromuscular blockade.Study designProspective, with each individual acting as its own control.AnimalsTen healthy adult female Beagle dogs weighing 6.2–9.4 kg.MethodsDogs were anesthetized with propofol, dexemedetomidine and isoflurane. Spontaneous ventilation was assessed by measuring end-tidal CO₂, expired tidal volume, peak inspiratory flow, respiratory rate and minute ventilation. Vecuronium 25 μg kg^?1 IV was administered and neuromuscular block was evaluated by measuring the train-of-four (TOF) ratio with acceleromyography in the hind limb. During spontaneous recovery from neuromuscular block, the TOF ratio when each ventilatory variable returned to baseline was recorded.ResultsThis dose of vecuronium produced moderate neuromuscular block in all dogs, with TOF ratio values of 0–18% at maximal block. Expired tidal volume, peak inspiratory flow and minute ventilation returned to pre-relaxation values when the median TOF ratio was ≤ 20%. The median TOF ratio was 42% when the end-tidal CO₂ returned to pre-relaxation values.Conclusions and clinical relevanceSignificant residual neuromuscular block could be measured at the hind limb with acceleromyography when ventilation had spontaneously returned to pre-vecuronium values. Monitoring spontaneous ventilation, including end-tidal CO₂, expired tidal volume, peak inspiratory flow or minute ventilation cannot be used as a surrogate for objective neuromuscular monitoring, and this practice may increase the risk of postoperative residual paralysis.  相似文献   

Egtved virus: temperature-dependent immune response of trout to infection with low-virulence virus   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

P. E. VESTERGÅRD JØRGENSEN 《Journal of fish diseases》1982,5(1):47-55

Abstract. The present report deals with experiments concerning the theoretical basis for development of a live, attenuated vaccine against viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS) of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, on the basis of a virus strain derived from the Egtved virus reference strain F, the pathogenicity of which has been strongly reduced by in vitro passage. It is shown that the low pathogenicity of the virus (designated the Reva strain) is a genetically stable feature and that the protection against VHS induced by infection with the virus is due to an immune response. Following immunological priming at 10°C partial protection developed at 5° 10° and 15° but not at 20°C, whereas neutralizing antibody was produced at all four temperatures by some of the fish. The duration of virus persistence in trout was found to be inversely proportional to the water temperature.  相似文献   

Role of molecular species catabolism in the temperature-induced restructuring of phosphatidylcholines in liver microsomes of thermally-acclimated rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)     

Dr. Jeffrey R. Hazel 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1996,15(3):195-204

Most previous studies of the temperature-induced restructuring of phospholipid molecular species composition have examined steps in the biosynthesis of phospholipids to explain the accumulation of unsaturated fatty acids in membranes of cold-acclimated poikilotherms. In contrast, the present study explores the role of phospholipases in this restructuring process by determining the rates of degradation of specific molecular species of phosphatidylcholine, using enzymes (microsomes) freshly isolated from the liver of rainbow trout. (Oncorhynchus mykiss) acclimated to either 5° or 20°C. The substrate preparation employed to assay phospholipase activity possessed a range of molecular species, all radiolabeled with 1-¹⁴C-palmitic acid at thesn-1 position, similar to that present in native trout liver microsomes. After defined periods of incubation (120 and 240 min at 5°C; 60 and 120 min at 20°C), phospholipids were extracted from the reaction mixture and the distribution of radioactivity among the molecular species of phosphatidylcholine was determined by HPLC/liquid scintillation counting. In general, molecular species catabolism was not significantly influenced by either assay or acclimation temperature. Only in 20°C-acclimated fish did a reduction in assay temperature (from to 20 to 5°C) result in significantly increased proportions of radioactivity being recovered in one polyunsaturated fatty acid-containing species (16:0/22:6-PC). It is concluded: 1) that phospholipase specificity, assayed under conditions approximating thosein situ, is not significantly influenced by temperature; and 2), that the increased proportions of unsaturated fatty acid-containing molecular species of phosphatidylcholine observed at low temperatures must reflect the specificity of biosynthetic rather than degradative processes.  相似文献   

Positive immunostaining of ovine congenital progressive muscular dystrophy with antibody against N- and C-terminal dystrophin     

H NAKADA  PF JACOBSEN  RD JOHNSEN  BA KAKULAS 《Australian veterinary journal》1990,67(7):271-272

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Bound phenolic compounds in water extracts of soils,plant roots and leaf litter     

D.C. Whitehead  Hazel Dibb  R.D. Hartley 《Soil biology & biochemistry》1983,15(2):133-136

Seven soils were examined for their contents of p-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, p-coumaric and ferulic acids, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and vanillin. Water-soluble forms, both “free” and “bound” of the phenolic compounds accounted for less than 0.7% of the total amount of each acid or aldehyde as determined by extraction of the soil with 2 M NaOH. In most instances, more than 50% of the water-soluble compounds were in the bound form, which was estimated after conversion to the free form by treatment of the water extract with NaOH. Water-soluble forms, both free and bound, of each compound also occurred in roots associated with six of the soils, and in beech litter associated with the seventh.  相似文献