Role of PhoP–PhoQ two-component system in pellicle formation, virulence and survival in harsh environments of Dickeya dadantii 3937     

Md Manjurul Haque  Hisae Hirata  Shinji Tsuyumu 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2012,78(3):176-189

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Genetic nature of bushy plant type in the variant strain induced by grafting in Capsicum annuum L.   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

N. Yagishita  Y. Hirata 《Euphytica》1986,35(1):17-23

Summary To elucidate the genetic nature of bushy plant type in the variant strains derived from grafting, testcrosses were made on the one hand between one of the variant strains, G₅S₁₇, and both Yatsubusa and Spanish Paprika, and on the other hand between the two cultivars.The bushy strain has more nodes and branches on the main stem than the two cultivars.This bushy plant character was recessive to cv. Yatsubusa used as a scion and over-recessive to cv. Spanish Paprika used as a root stock.Such graft-induced change from recessive to over-recessive as bushy plant type was quite different from other varied characters such as, fruit shape, capsaicin content and guard cell size, which were generally intermediate between the two cultivars.  相似文献   

Mapping of EST-derived CAPS markers in Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.)     

Y. Miura    M. Hirata    M. Fujimori 《Plant Breeding》2007,126(4):353-360

New molecular markers derived from expressed sequence tag (EST) sequences were mapped on linkage maps of Italian ryegrass by a two-way pseudo-testcross strategy. cDNA sequences were obtained from various tissues of Italian ryegrass ( Lolium multiflorum ) and converted into cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers. Of 260 EST primer pairs that amplified a single band, 74 generated bands that showed clear polymorphisms among individuals of an F₁ mapping family. Of the 74 polymorphic marker loci, 69 were mapped on an Italian ryegrass linkage map previously constructed using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The newly-developed EST-CAPS markers would be useful as an efficient tool to identify genetic markers and to identify candidate genes for quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with important traits in Italian ryegrass.  相似文献   

Acidification of Growing Cloud Droplet by Rainout of SO2(g)     

Shiba  Sadataka  Hirata  Yushi  Yagi  Shunsaku 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2001,130(1-4):307-312

Growing cloud droplets absorb such atmospheric gaseous pollutant as SO₂(g), condensing atmospheric water vapor into themselves. Then, the cloud droplets are acidified by absorption of SO₂(g) during condensational growth on cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Characteristics of this process, which is a part of rainout, have not been made clear yet. In order to estimate the contribution of rainout to acid rain formation, the acidification of growing cloud droplets is investigated numerically, using a mathematical model. The numerical simulations show that: (1) the time to attain the equilibrium state for mass transfer (acidity and growth) and heat transfer (temperature) is much longer than the time for disappearance of CCN; (2) time variation of acidity and temperature of cloud droplets are greatly dependent on the existence of undissolved CCN; and (3) there seems to be a close correlation between the time variation of the acidity and that of the temperature.  相似文献   

Characteristics of chemical components in genetic resources of garlic Allium sativum collected from all over the world     

Sho Hirata  Mostafa Abdelrahman  Naoki Yamauchi  Masayoshi Shigyo 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2016,63(1):35-45

The aim of this work was to evaluate garlic diversity based on the production of chemical components in the bulbs and geographical distribution. A total of 103 garlic clones collected from worldwide sources were grown in Yamaguchi, Japan. The chemical contents–S-allyl-l-cysteine sulfoxide (AlCSO), and phenolic content—of garlic collections were determined by HPLC and Folin–Ciocalteu assay, respectively. Quantitative analysis of the chemical content showed wide variations between geographical collection sites. Morphological observation of inflorescence was performed, and clones were divided into four types according to their bolting traits: Type A—bolters, producing mainly florets; Type B—bolters, producing mainly bulbils; Type C—incomplete bolters; and Type D—non-bolters. The appearance frequencies of the bolting types varied depending on the latitude of the collection sites. A comparison of these four different types was carried out based on chemical composition data. Garlic clones that possessed florets showed a tendency for higher amount of AlCSO content than did Type B. Moreover, it was confirmed that as distance increased from high-latitude areas (Central Asia and The Northern Mediterranean), the garlic was more likely to produce bulbils in the inflorescence with lower AlCSO content and higher phenolic content. This research suggested that garlic’s transition of from sexual propagation to asexual (vegetative) propagation and changes in the chemical composition of the bulbs would have occurred in the process of expanding garlic cultivation. In conclusion, garlic seems to have obtained high environmental adaptability with these transitions and changes via artificial selection.  相似文献   

Ganglioneuroma in the urinary bladder of a dog     

Sakai H  Yonemaru K  Takeda M  Niimi K  Murakami M  Hirata A  Yanai T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(6):801-803

An 11-year-old male Labrador retriever presented with chronic oliguria. Ultrasonography findings revealed a protruding mass at the neck of the urinary bladder. A cystotomy was performed, and the mass was removed by ligation with surgical sutures. Histopathological examination revealed conspicuous foci with a variable number of ganglion cells in the tumor and abundant interwoven bundles of schwannian cells with fine fibers. The ganglion cells were positive for neuron-specific enolase and neurofilament. The schwannian cells were positive for vimentin, S-100 protein, and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Thus, according to the classification of tumor with neuronal cell differentiation, the urinary tumor was diagnosed as a ganglioneuroma.  相似文献   

Prevalence and distribution patterns of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sarcocystis</Emphasis> spp. in buffaloes in Beni-Suef,Egypt     

El-Dakhly KM  El-Nesr KA  El-Nahass el-S  Hirata A  Sakai H  Yanai T 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(8):1549-1554

This study was performed for the purpose of investigating the prevalence of Sarcocystis spp. in buffaloes in Beni-Suef Governorate, Egypt. Both macroscopic (Sarcocystis fusiformis) and microscopic (Sarcocystis levinei) cysts were recognized, and were differentiated by their morphological features and location in the tissues. Of 379 buffaloes examined in abattoirs in Beni-Suef, 299 were found to be infected, with an overall prevalence of 78.9%. Depending on age, three categorized groups of naturally infected buffaloes were examined: male buffalo calves aged 1.5–2 years, adult females aged 2–5 years, and females older than 5 years. Among these groups, infection rates were 74.5%, 82.3%, and 81.2%, respectively. Organs examined included esophagus, tongue, and heart. Macroscopic cysts were examined by the naked eye through meat inspection in abattoirs, while the pepsin-digestion method and the histological technique were applied to detect microscopic cysts. It has been found that esophagus showed the highest rate of infection among the infected organs, with both macroscopic and microscopic cysts seen in the infected buffaloes. Moreover, results of the pepsin-digestion method proved more accurate than those produced by the histological technique in terms of infection rates for the microscopic cysts. Our findings indicated that infected buffaloes aged 2–5 years showed the highest mixed infection rate (82.3%) for both types of cysts. The high prevalence of microscopic Sarcocystis spp. in Beni-Suef Governorate reflects a significant role played by stray dogs, rather than cats, in the transmission of these parasites.  相似文献   

Sex distinction of asparagus by loop-mediated isothermal amplification and observation of seedling phenotypes     

Yukie Shiobara  Mioko Yoshino  Atsuko Uragami  Ani Widiastuti  Akifumi Omori  Keiko Kuba  Harufumi Saito  Yukimasa Hirata  Takahiro Sonoda  Takeharu Koizumi  Tatsuo Sato 《Euphytica》2011,177(1):91-97

Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) is a dioecious plant. In general, male and female plants are used for open-field culture and intensive cultivation, respectively. Farmers distinguish between the sexes by observing the form of the flower organs. However, because flowering begins 2?C3 years after planting, the sexes cannot be differentiated at transplantation by using this method, and planting of an all-male population is not possible. In this study, the usefulness of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), a simple method of gene amplification, for sex distinction at the DNA level was determined. In addition, the phenotypic differences in seeds and seedlings of male and female plants were investigated for application as a method of early sex distinction. By using the LAMP method, the sex could be correctly identified in 100% of the seedlings, suggesting that this method is effective for sex distinction at the gene level. Principal component analysis was conducted with 11 selected parameters after investigating the seeds and seedlings of both male and female plants. The results revealed that male plants tend to have many stalks or cladophylls and female plants tend to have large plant forms, suggesting that the sexes can be distinguished by the external appearance of the seedlings before planting. LAMP and observation of the seedling phenotypes could be useful methods of sex distinction for increasing the efficiency of asparagus breeding.  相似文献   

Prostaglandin D2 as a mediator of allergic asthma   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Matsuoka T  Hirata M  Tanaka H  Takahashi Y  Murata T  Kabashima K  Sugimoto Y  Kobayashi T  Ushikubi F  Aze Y  Eguchi N  Urade Y  Yoshida N  Kimura K  Mizoguchi A  Honda Y  Nagai H  Narumiya S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,287(5460):2013-2017

Allergic asthma is caused by the aberrant expansion in the lung of T helper cells that produce type 2 (TH2) cytokines and is characterized by infiltration of eosinophils and bronchial hyperreactivity. This disease is often triggered by mast cells activated by immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergic challenge. Activated mast cells release various chemical mediators, including prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), whose role in allergic asthma has now been investigated by the generation of mice deficient in the PGD receptor (DP). Sensitization and aerosol challenge of the homozygous mutant (DP-/-) mice with ovalbumin (OVA) induced increases in the serum concentration of IgE similar to those in wild-type mice subjected to this model of asthma. However, the concentrations of TH2 cytokines and the extent of lymphocyte accumulation in the lung of OVA-challenged DP-/- mice were greatly reduced compared with those in wild-type animals. Moreover, DP-/- mice showed only marginal infiltration of eosinophils and failed to develop airway hyperreactivity. Thus, PGD2 functions as a mast cell-derived mediator to trigger asthmatic responses.  相似文献   

Earthquake source fault beneath Tokyo     

Sato H  Hirata N  Koketsu K  Okaya D  Abe S  Kobayashi R  Matsubara M  Iwasaki T  Ito T  Ikawa T  Kawanaka T  Kasahara K  Harder S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,309(5733):462-464

Devastating earthquakes occur on a megathrust fault that underlies the Tokyo metropolitan region. We identify this fault with use of deep seismic reflection profiling to be the upper surface of the Philippine Sea plate. The depth to the top of this plate, 4 to 26 kilometers, is much shallower than previous estimates based on the distribution of seismicity. This shallower plate geometry changes the location of maximum finite slip of the 1923 Kanto earthquake and will affect estimations of strong ground motion for seismic hazards analysis within the Tokyo region.  相似文献