Cucullanus oceaniensis sp. n. (Nematoda: Cucullanidae) from Pacific eels (Anguilla spp.)     

Moravec F  Sasal P  Würtz J  Taraschewski H 《Folia parasitologica》2005,52(4):343-348

A new species of parasitic nematode, Cucullanus oceaniensis sp. n., is described from the intestine of the giant mottled eel Anguilla marmorata (type host) from Futuna Island (Wallis and Futuna Islands, Polynesia) and from A. marmorata and Anguilla sp. (cf. obscura) from Fiji Islands (Melanesia, South Pacific). The main distinguishing characteristics are the length of spicules (668-1,020 microm), situation of deirids (slightly anterior to the oesophago-intestinal junction) and the excretory pore (some distance posterior to the end of oesophagus), and the arrangement of caudal papillae in the male. It is the third known species of Cucullanus from Oceania and the first one reported from freshwater eels in the region of South Pacific. Cucullanus faliexae Morand et Rigby, 1998 is considered a junior synonym of Cucullanus australiensis Baylis, 1927.  相似文献   

Detection and species-specific differentiation of pestiviruses using real-time RT-PCR     

Gaede W  Reiting R  Schirrmeier H  Depner KR  Beer M 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2005,118(3-4):113-120

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On the mode of action of the fungicide etridiazole     

Brigitte Radzuhn  Horst Lyr 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1984,22(1):14-23

Etridiazole (5-ethoxy-3(trichloromethyl)-1,2,4-thiadiazole) is a fungicide primarily effective against fungi of the Oomycete group. After addition of the compound to the medium, growth of Mucor mucedo was impaired almost immediately. Oxygen uptake of the mycelia decreased only slightly at growth-inhibiting concentrations. Respiration of isolated mitochondria of Mucor was inhibited about 50% by high concentrations of the fungicide, while the respiratory control quotient remained constant. In contrast, rat liver mitochondria were not very sensitive to etridiazole. Etridiazole stimulates the hydrolysis of membrane-bound phospholipids to free fatty acids and lysophosphatides in isolated mitochondria of Mucor. Procaine, a well-known inhibitor of phospholipases, acts as an antidote for etridiazole in growth tests as well as in the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine by isolated mitochondria. Calcium ions in millimolar concentrations act like procaine. Therefore, it was assumed that the fungistatic effect of etridiazole was mainly caused by an activation of phospholipases in the mitochondrial membranes. Moreover, under the influence of etridiazole, a lipid peroxidation of membranes is observed. Tocopherol acts as an antidote. This could be the primary toxic effect in the mechanism of action of this fungicide. The enzymes involved are not yet identified.  相似文献   

The use of vitamin D3 and its metabolites to improve beef tenderness   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Foote MR  Horst RL  Huff-Lonergan EJ  Trenkle AH  Parrish FC  Beitz DC 《Journal of animal science》2004,82(1):242-249

Three experiments were conducted to determine whether feeding 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OH D3) or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2 D3) improves the tenderness of longissimus dorsi (LD), semimembranosus (SM), and infraspinatus (IF) muscles similar to supplemental vitamin D3 without leaving residual vitamin D3 and its metabolites in muscle. In the first two experiments, 24 crossbred steers were used to determine the effects of different oral amounts of 1,25-(OH)2 D3 (Exp. 1; n = 12) and 25-OH D3 (Exp. 2; n = 12) on plasma Ca2+ concentrations. In the third experiment, crossbred steers were allotted randomly to one of four treatments: 1) control placebo (n = 7); 2) 5 x 10(6) IU of vitamin D3/d (n = 9) for 9 d and harvested 2 d after last treatment; 3) single, 125-mg dose of 25-OH D3 (n = 8) 4 d before harvest; or 4) single, 500-microg dose of 1,25-(OH)2 D3 (n = 9) 3 d before harvest. The LD and SM steaks from each animal were aged for 8, 14, or 21 d, whereas steaks from the IF were aged for 14 or 21 d. All steaks were analyzed for tenderness by Warner-Bratzler shear force and for troponin-T degradation by Western blot analysis. Supplementing steers with vitamin D3 increased (P < 0.01) the concentration of vitamin D3 and 25-OH D3 in all muscles sampled. Feeding steers 25-OH D3 increased (P < 0.05) the concentration of 25-OH D3 in meat, but to an amount less than half that of cattle treated with vitamin D3. Supplemental 1,25-(OH)2 D3 did not affect (P < 0.10) shear force values; however, there was a trend (P < 0.10) for supplemental vitamin D3 and 25-OH D3 to produce LD steaks with lower shear values after 8 and 14 d of aging, and lower (P < 0.10) shear force values for the SM aged for 21 d. Analysis of Western blots indicated that LD steaks from cattle supplemented with vitamin D3 and 25-OH D3 had greater (P < 0.05) troponin-T degradation. Antemortem supplementation of 25-OH D3 seems to increase postmortem proteolysis and tenderness in the LD and SM without depositing large concentrations of residual vitamin D3 and its metabolite 25-OH D3.  相似文献   

Effect of raw humus under two adult Scots pine stands on ectomycorrhization, nutritional status, nitrogen uptake, phosphorus uptake and growth of Pinus sylvestris seedlings     

Schulz H  Schäfer T  Storbeck V  Härtling S  Rudloff R  Köck M  Buscot F 《Tree physiology》2012,32(1):36-48

Ectomycorrhiza (EM) formation improves tree growth and nutrient acquisition, particularly that of nitrogen (N). Few studies have coupled the effects of naturally occurring EM morphotypes to the nutrition of host trees. To investigate this, pine seedlings were grown on raw humus substrates collected at two forest sites, R2 and R3. Ectomycorrhiza morphotypes were identified, and their respective N uptake rates from organic (2-(13)C, (15)N-glycine) and inorganic ((15)NH(4)Cl, Na(15)NO(3), (15)NH(4)NO(3), NH(4)(15)NO(3)) sources as well as their phosphate uptake rates were determined. Subsequently, the growth and nutritional status of the seedlings were analyzed. Two dominant EM morphotypes displayed significantly different mycorrhization rates in the two substrates. Rhizopogon luteolus Fr. (RL) was dominant in R2 and Suillus bovinus (Pers.) Kuntze (SB) was dominant in R3. (15)N uptake of RL EM was at all times higher than that of SB EM. Phosphate uptake rates by the EM morphotypes did not differ significantly. The number of RL EM correlated negatively and the number of SB EM correlated positively with pine growth rate. Increased arginine concentrations and critical P/N ratios in needles indicated nutrient imbalances of pine seedlings from humus R2, predominantly mycorrhizal with RL. We conclude that different N supply in raw humus under Scots pine stands can induce shifts in the EM frequency of pine seedlings, and this may lead to EM formation by fungal strains with different ability to support tree growth.  相似文献   

Studies on the Motility and Cryopreservation of Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdneri) Spermatozoa     

G. van der Horst  H.M. Dott  G.C. Foster 《African Zoology》2013,48(4):275-279

The very short duration of vigorous movement (1 1/2 to 7 min) in fresh water and physiological solutions make trout spermatozoa difficult subjects for cryopreservation studies. Solutions consisting of 250 to 280 mmol sucrose and 5 to 12% dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) (4 parts) did not activate trout spermatozoa (1 part), but after dilution with fresh water vigorous motility could be fully restored. These sucrose-DMSO solutions were employed in cryopreservation studies. Using straws and a fast freezing — fast thawing procedure, post-thaw dilution with fresh water resulted in 25%-60% of spermatozoa becoming motile, all with vigorous forward progression. Some existing methods for the cryopreservation of other freshwater fish spermatozoa were repeated on trout without success.  相似文献   

PMN-mediated immune reactions against Eimeria bovis     

Behrendt JH  Hermosilla C  Hardt M  Failing K  Zahner H  Taubert A 《Veterinary parasitology》2008,151(2-4):97-109

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Use of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and dietary calcium to improve tenderness of beef from the round of beef cows     

Carnagey KM  Huff-Lonergan EJ  Lonergan SM  Trenkle A  Horst RL  Beitz DC 《Journal of animal science》2008,86(7):1637-1648

The objective of this trial was to determine how 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) (25-OH D(3)) supplementation, altering supplemental dietary calcium, or their combination influence postmortem biochemical and tenderness changes in muscles from the round of mature cows. Twenty-seven Angus cows (3 to 7 yr old) were allotted randomly to 9 pens with 3 cows per pen. Treatments were arranged in a 3 x 3 factorial design with 3 dosages of 25-OH D(3) (0, 250, or 500 mg of 25-OH D(3) administered as a 1-time oral bolus 7 d before slaughter) and 3 percentages of supplemental limestone (0.5, 0.75, and 1.0%) replenished in the diet for 3 d before slaughter and after a 2-wk limestone withdrawal. Plasma samples were obtained during the feeding period. Upon slaughter, adductor, gracilus, pectineus, sartorius, semimembranosus, vastus intermedius, and vastus lateralis muscles were obtained and aged for 1, 3, or 7 d. Calcium concentrations were increased in plasma when 250 or 500 mg of 25-OH D(3) were administered (P 相似文献   

Ultra‐thin sectioning and grinding of epoxy plastinated tissue     

Mircea Constantin Sora  Christoph von Horst  Octavio Lpez-Albors  Rafael Latorre 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2019,48(6):564-571

With classical sheet plastination techniques such as E12, the level and thickness of the freeze‐cut sections decide on what is visible in the final sheet plastinated sections. However, there are other plastination techniques available where we can look for specific anatomical structures through the thickness of the tissue. These techniques include sectioning and grinding of plastinated tissue blocks or thick slices. The ultra‐thin E12 technique, unlike the classic E12 technique, starts with the plastination of a large tissue block. High temperatures (30–60°C) facilitate the vacuum‐forced impregnation by decreasing the viscosity of the E12 and increasing the vapour pressure of the intermediary solvent. By sectioning the cured tissue block with a diamond band saw plastinated sections with a thickness of <300 μm can be obtained. The thickness of plastinated sections can be further reduced by grinding. Resulting sections of <100 µm are suitable for histological staining and microscopic studies. Anatomical structures of interest in thick plastinate slices can be followed by variable manual grinding in a method referred to as Tissue Tracing Technique (TTT). In addition, the tissue thickness can be adapted to the transparency or darkness of tissue types in different regions of the same plastinated section. The aim of this study was to evaluate the advantages of techniques based on sectioning and grinding of plastinated tissue (E12 ultra‐thin and TTT) compared to conventional sheet‐forming techniques (E12).  相似文献   

Assessment of parental genomic proportions in crossbred chickens by DNA fingerprints     

Wimmers K  Ponsuksili S  Valle-Zarate A  Horst P  Wittig B 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》1997,114(1-6):55-68

SUMMARY: Starting with the second crossbred generation, parental genomic-proportion lines in individuals deviate considerably from expectation. These individual variations offer the potential to increase the efficiency of crossbreeding programmes. DNA fingerprinting was established as an approach, to quantify the genomic contribution of the parental lines in individuals of two crossbred generations. For this purpose, line-specific bands were identified in representative banding patterns of pooled DNA from purebreds. The representative banding patterns obtained with eight combinations of restriction enzymes HinfI and AluI, and oligonucleotide probes [CA]8, [CAC]5, [GGAT]4, and [GACA]4, contained between nine and 14 line-specific bands. The estimation of the proportion was based on the relative proportion of line-specific bands of one parental line in banding patterns of crossbreds. This was first done in F1 individuals with a definite 50% genomic proportion of each parental line, to determine the accuracy of the approach. The mean value, 51.0 ± 0.34%, observed in 45 F1s using all eight combinations of enzymes and probes, of genomic contribution of one parental line, was close to the theoretical value of 50%. In 24 animals of the BC1, considerable shifting of the parental genomic proportion was observed. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Sch?tzung der Genomanteile bei Hühnern verschiedener Kreuzungsstufen durch DNA-Fingerprinting Von der ersten Rückkreuzungsgeneration an treten erhebliche, individuelle Verscheibungen in der Verteilung der Genomanteile der parentalen Ausganslinien vom Durchschnitt auf. Diese individuelle Variation stellt ein Potential zur Steigerung der Effektivit?t von Kreuzungszuchtprogrammen dar. Mit der vorliegenden Arbeit wird eine Untersuchungsmethode zur direkten Quantifizierung der Genombeitr?ge der parentalen Ausganslinien bei Individuen verschiedener Kreuzungsstufen durch DNA fingerprints vor gestellt. Dazu wurden in für die Ausgangslinien repr?sentativen Bandenmustern aus DNA-Gemischen linienspezifische Banden identifiziert. Die repr?sentativen Bandenmuster wurden mit den Restriktionsenzymen HinfI and AluI sowie den Oligonukleotidsonen [CA](8) , [CAC](5) , [GGAT](4) , und [GACA](4) erzeugt und enthielten 9-14 linienspezifische Banden. Die Bestimmung der parentalen Genomanteile beruhte auf der Identifizierung linienspezifischer Banden in den Bandmustern von Kreuzungsindividuen und der anschlie?enden Berechnung des relativen Anteils an für eine parentale Linie spezifischen Banden. Um die Genauigkeit der Untersuchungsmethode zu evaluieren, wurde sie zun?chst bei F(1) Tieren angewandt, die einen Anteil von jeweils 50% der elterlichen Linien aufweisen müssen. Der Durchschnittswert berechnet über alle 45 F(1) Individuen und alle acht Kombinationen von Enzymen und Sonden betrug 51,0 ± 0,34% Genomanteil der einen parentalen Linie und lag somit nahe dem theoretischen Wert von 50%. Bei 24 Tieren der R1 konnte eine beachtliche Verschiebung der Genombeitr?ge der parentalen Ausgangslinien gezeigt werden.  相似文献