Approaches to pathogen-mediated resistance breeding against plum pox potyvirus in stone-fruit trees1     

A. DA CMARA MACHADO  E. KNAPP  H. PÜHRINGER  G. SEIFERT  V. HANZER  H. WEISS  H. KATINGER  M. LAIMER DA CMARA MACHADO 《EPPO Bulletin》1994,24(3):697-704

In a programme for developing systems which allow the transfer of foreign genes into apricot cultivars, we have tested cotyledons of immature embryos, somatic embryos and leaf discs. Apricot plants have been transformed, and then regenerated, with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA 4404 containing various binary plasmids: pBinGUSint, carrying the marker gene β-glucuronidase (GUS), and pBinPPVm, carrying the coat-protein gene of plum pox potyvirus (PPV). The marker gene GUS was used for visual evaluation of the efficiency of the transformation system. The coat-protein gene was used in the hope of introducing coat protein-mediated resistance to one of the most important stone-fruit pathogens in Europe and the Mediterranean area.  相似文献   

Molecular identification of high-affinity glutamate transporters in sheep and cattle forestomach, intestine, liver, kidney, and pancreas   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Howell JA  Matthews AD  Swanson KC  Harmon DL  Matthews JC 《Journal of animal science》2001,79(5):1329-1336

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Drying-off therapy for bovine mastitis: a comparative field trial   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

R M Loosmore  D Howell  A D Adams  D N Barnett  T F Barr 《The Veterinary record》1968,83(14):358-360

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Observations on the coeliaco-mesenteric ganglia of horses with and without grass sickness   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

J M Howell  J R Baker  H E Ritchie 《The British veterinary journal》1974,130(3):265-270

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Investigation into the potential pathogenicity of Staphylococcus felis in a cat     

Patel A  Lloyd DH  Howell SA  Noble WC 《The Veterinary record》2002,150(21):668-669

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Cotton Seedling Preemergence Damping-Off Incited by Rhizopus oryzae and Pythium spp. and Its Biological Control with Trichoderma spp     

Howell CR 《Phytopathology》2002,92(2):177-180

ABSTRACT Planting the cotton cv. Sure-Grow 747 in cotton seedling disease plots during the 2001 growing season resulted in high levels of preemergence damping-off among the seedlings. Four cotton pathogens, Pythium aphanidermatum, P. ultimum, an unidentified Pythium sp., and Rhizopus oryzae, were isolated from diseased seed embryos and seedlings. Disease incited by the Pythium spp. could be controlled by seed treatment with Metalaxyl, but disease incited by R. oryzae could not. Seed treatment with Metalaxyl in naturally infested field soil was only partially effective; therefore, symptoms in 47% of the diseased seedlings could be attributed to R. oryzae. Susceptibility to disease appeared to be related to release in the spermosphere, by the germinating seeds, of compounds that stimulate pathogen propagule germination, because exudates from seed of the suscept Sure-Grow 747 and extracts from wheat bran induced pathogen germination and growth, whereas exudates from resistant cv. Stoneville 213 did not. However, even Stoneville 213 became susceptible when infested soil was amended with wheat bran. Seed treatment with preparations of Trichoderma virens parent, mutant, and hybrid strains gave effective biological control of preemergence damping-off. Disease control was attributable to metabolism by the biocontrol agent of pathogen germination stimulants released by the seed, because amendment of pathogen-infested soil with the propagule germination stimulants in wheat bran negated the protective effect of the seed treatment.  相似文献   

Short-term biological variation of clinical chemical values in Dumeril's monitors (Varanus dumerili).     

Mads F Bertelsen  Mads Kjelgaard-Hansen  Jennifer R Howell  Graham J Crawshaw 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2007,38(2):217-221

Plasma biochemical values are routinely used in the medical management of ill reptiles, and for monitoring the health of clinically normal animals. Laboratory tests, including clinical biochemical values, are subject to biological and analytical variation, the magnitude of which determines the utility of population-based reference ranges for the detection of abnormal results in the individual animal. Nested analysis of variance of repeated measurements allows the variance to be broken into within-individual, between-individual, and analytical variation. When the within-individual variation is large and the interindividual variation is low, a sample may be accurately classified as normal or abnormal based on a population-based reference interval. However, if the intraindividual variation is low and the interindividual variation high, population-based reference intervals are of limited value as the ranges for an individual encompass only a part of the conventional reference interval. Between-lizard, within-lizard, and analytical components of variance were assessed by nested analysis of variance for 16 commonly measured plasma biochemical parameters in eight healthy adult Dumeril's monitors (Varanus dumerili). Albumin, cholesterol, phosphate, calcium, sodium, and total protein demonstrated levels of individuality suggesting that comparison of a single measurement to a conventional population-based reference range may be too insensitive to detect small but significant alterations in the value for that animal. Only for potassium and AST did the index of individuality suggest that the use of reference values may be warranted. Uric acid, globulin, glucose, and amylase fell in a gray zone, where population-based ranges should be used with caution. The critical difference indicates the difference between two consecutive analytical results that may be safely ascribed to natural variation. In the present study critical difference varied from 7 and 11%, respectively, for sodium and chloride to 75 and 125% for uric acid and AST.  相似文献   

内蒙古阿拉善盟草原疯草危害调查   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

樊泽峰  王建军  赵宝玉  董强  达能太 《中国草地学报》2006,28(2):56-59

采用现场调查和资料收集相结合的方法，对内蒙古阿拉善盟的阿拉善左旗、阿拉善右旗和额济纳旗3个旗疯草的种类、分布、危害及防治对策进行了调查研究。结果表明：阿拉善盟有疯草7种，其中棘豆属有毒植物3种，黄芪属有毒植物4种，分布面积超过139．33万hm^2，危害最严重的是小花棘豆和变异黄芪，给当地畜牧业造成了极大的危害，并就如何综合利用疯草提出了几点措施。  相似文献   

Changes in Plasma Cortisol, Glucose, and Selected Blood Properties in the Summer Flounder Paralichthys dentatus Associated with Sequential Movement to Three Experimental Conditions     

James A.  Sulikowski W. Huntting  Howell 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2003,34(3):387-397

To determine the changes in blood chemistry associated with sequential transfer of summer flounder Paralichthys dentatus (320–480 g), 300 hatchery-reared fish were moved to three different environmental conditions during a 20-d period. Fish were transferred in progression from a recirculating seawater system (22 ppt, 22.5 C) to a flow-thru seawater system (31 ppt, 20.0 C), to three small coastal net pens (33 ppt, 15.5 C), and finally to a large open ocean net pen (33 ppt, 16.0 C). For this study, eight random fish were captured at each progressive step (environmental condition), anesthetized (MS222), and bled from the caudal vein (2 mL). Transferred flounder were bled every 12 h for 48 h to collect plasma cortisol and glucose samples. Fish were bled 24 h after transport and every 3 d thereafter for osmolarity, hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular hemoglobin content, glucose, cortisol, and the electrolytes Cl^- Na⁺, K⁺ and Ca⁺. The most significant perturbations to blood chemistry (P < 0.05) occurred within 24 h of initial transfer from the recirculating to flow-thru seawater systems, suggesting an osmoregulatory rather than handling or transfer related stress. Osmolarity, electrolyte, and hematological parameters fluctuated and then recovered to stable levels by day 8 in the flow-thru seawater system. However, unlike the initial transfer, successive movement to the coastal and then the open ocean net pens produced transient increases in both plasma cortisol and glucose levels, suggesting a high level of stress associated with extended flounder handling and transfer.  相似文献   

浙江天童国家森林公园常绿阔叶林主要组成树种材积与生物量相关关系探讨   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

杨同辉  达良俊  宋坤  李修鹏 《福建林业科技》2007,34(4):110-112

以天童国家森林公园常绿阔叶林主要组成树种为研究对象,通过测定其各组分生物量,建立了实测生物量与材积之间的回归模型,结果表明:主要组成树种各组分生物量与其材积之间存在着密切的相关关系,各主要树种材积与生物量的回归模型存在差异;回归方程精度较高,用于根据地区常绿阔叶林主要树种材积推算其生物量是可行的。  相似文献