Temperature,density and ammonia effects on growth and fecundity of the ramshorn snail (Helisoma anceps)          下载免费PDF全文

Tien‐Chieh Hung  Troy Stevenson  Marade Sandford  Tewdros Ghebremariam 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(2):1072-1079

Ramshorn snail (Helisoma anceps) is a freshwater gastropod found all over North America and is also an essential component to the larval and juvenile culture of endangered Delta Smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus) at the UC Davis Fish Conservation and Culture Lab (FCCL). H. anceps has been proven effective in cleaning the excess algae while not harming the larvae. A challenge at the FCCL has been having a reliable source of these snails, since previously it has been dependent upon nature and never guaranteed there would be enough to meet the needs of the FCCL. Experiments were conducted to assess the effects of temperature, food types, rearing density and total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentrations. Procedures recommended to increase snail fecundity for the FCCL are to rear spawning parent snails and the resultant eggs at a high temperature (16–20°C) and with a low TAN concentration (0–5 mg/L). Newly hatched snails need to be cultured at a low density (about one snail/20 cm²). After the snails grow to an acceptable size (1.3 cm diameter), they could be set aside and cultured in an environment with less optimal water quality parameters such as a high TAN level (as high as 20 mg/L) and low temperature (12°C) for quantity control prior to use.  相似文献   

Antibody responses against avian reovirus nonstructural protein sigmaNS in experimentally virus-infected chickens monitored by a monoclonal antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Chen PN  Liu HJ  Shien JH  Lee LH 《Research in veterinary science》2004,76(3):219-225

Crude antigen preparations from avian reovirus (ARV)-infected chicken embryo fibroblasts (sigmaNS) or from bacterially expressed protein sigmaNS (esigmaNS) were captured by monoclonal antibody 1E1(MAb 1E1) against ARV nonstructural protein sigmaNS immobilized on the ELISA plates and were used as the MAb capture ELISA for antibody detection. Sixty one-week-old specific pathogenic free (SPF) chickens were divided into six groups and were vaccinated with live or inactivated ARV vaccine preparations in different combinations or inoculated with a virulent ARV strain. Sera collected from the birds were tested for their antibody responses to ARV nonstructural protein sigmaNS. Using the MAb capture ELISAs, the level of nonspecific binding reactions was tested on the serum samples obtained weekly from mock-infected SPF chickens from 1 to 25 weeks and compared to the results tested by the conventional ELISA. The results indicated that both MAb capture ELISAs had lower nonspecific bindings than those in the conventional ELISA, even in older birds. Antibody responses against ARV sigmaNS of the birds which received the inactivated vaccine twice (group I), inactivated vaccine followed by a live vaccine (group II), or a live vaccine followed by boosting with an inactivated vaccine (group III) were detected by MAb captured ELISA with sigmaNS crude antigens. The absorbance values increased rapidly at 1-2 weeks after boosting, approximated a peak at 5-6 weeks of age, and maintained this throughout the length of the experiment. The absorbance values of the MAb capture ELISA showed a good correlation to the SN titers ( r value > 0.85). On the other hand, serum samples from the birds which received the live vaccine twice (group IV) or were inoculated with a virulent ARV (group V) did not show antibody responses to sigmaNS, similar to those from the mock-infected birds (group VI), as the absorbance values maintained at a low level (below 0.5) throughout the length of the experiment. Similar results were obtained in the sera detected by MAb capture ELISA with crude esigmaNS antigens, except that the absorbance values in the sera from the birds in group III were gradually increased and later approximated a peak at 11 weeks of age and maintained this throughout the length of the experiments. The results suggest that MAb capture ELISAs can be readily used to detect antibody responses of the birds against ARV nonstructural protein sigmaNS which may reflect an immune status of a chicken flock, receiving ARV vaccine as long as including an inactivated vaccine.  相似文献   

Cloning and Characterization of Boar Epididymal Secretory Proteins by Homology to the Human   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

B Schäfer  HH von  Horsten  JL Dacheux  W Holtz  C Kirchhoff 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2003,38(2):111-118

Northern blot analysis suggested that the boar epididymis produces closely related counterparts to human epididymal proteins HE1, HE3, HE4, HE5 and HE12. ‘Full‐length’ cloning by nucleic acid and amino acid sequence similarity was achieved by RT‐PCR methods in the case of the porcine counterparts of HE3 and HE4, while the homologues of HE5 and HE12, despite their cross‐hybridization during Northern blot analysis, have not yet been cloned. The two novel porcine cDNAs were derived from moderately abundant epididymal mRNAs that were 75 and 83% identical to HE3 and HE4 cDNAs, respectively. To emphasize their relationship to the corresponding HEs, they were named Se3 and Se4 cDNAs. Their open reading frames predicted small secretory proteins with 55% (Se3) and 76% (Se4) conserved amino acids. Monospecific antipeptide antibodies to HE secretory proteins identified He3‐ and HE12‐related proteins on Western blots of porcine epididymal fluid and semen. Both Northern and Western analyses indicated that the Se proteins were produced in a regionalized pattern and accumulated in the cauda fluid.  相似文献   

Detection of antibodies to mycoplasmas in South American camelids     

A.L. Hung  A. Alvarado  T. Lopez  R. Perales  O. Li  E. Garcia 《Research in veterinary science》1991,51(3):250-253

Indirect haemagglutination tests on sera from 757 South American camelids (alpacas, llamas and vicunas) carried out in the Andean region of Peru, revealed evidence of exposure mainly to Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides LC. The incidence of detectable antibodies to this mycoplasma in 554 alpacas was 5.0 per cent and in 141 llamas 15.6 per cent. Antibody to Mycoplasma capricolum and the F38 biotype was detected in 0.9 per cent and 0.2 per cent of alpacas, respectively. In a group of 62 vicunas only one reactor to both M m mycoides LC and M capricolum was observed. No reactors to M mycoides subspecies capri or M agalactiae were observed in the flocks examined. Antibodies to mycoplasma were also detected in nine out of 10 goat flocks tested. The incidence of antibodies to M m mycoides LC was 13.8 per cent, 3.8 per cent for M capricolum and 1.8 per cent for the F38 biotype. In a group of 110 sheep, six reactors (5.5 per cent) to M m mycoides LC and one (0.9 per cent) to F38 were observed. The implications of these results are discussed in relation to the involvement of mycoplasmas in existing disease in camelids in Peru.  相似文献   

Effect of growth differentiation factor‐9 (GDF‐9) on the progression of buffalo follicles in vitrified–warmed ovarian tissues          下载免费PDF全文

MA Abdel‐Ghani  TM El‐sherry  HH Abdelhafeez 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2016,51(5):795-803

To improve the reproductive performance of water buffalo to level can satisfy our needs, the mechanisms controlling ovarian follicular growth and development should be thoroughly investigated. Therefore, in this study, the expressions of growth differentiation factor‐9 (GDF‐9) in buffalo ovaries were examined by immunohistochemistry, and the effects of GDF‐9 treatment on follicle progression were investigated using a buffalo ovary organ culture system. Frozen–thawed buffalo ovarian follicles within slices of ovarian cortical tissue were cultured for 14 days in the presence or absence of GDF‐9. After culture, ovarian slices were fixed, sectioned and stained. The follicles were morphologically analysed and counted. Expression pattern of GDF‐9 was detected in oocytes from primordial follicles onwards, besides, also presented in granulosa cells. Moreover, GDF‐9 was detected in mural granulosa cells and theca cells of pre‐antral follicles. In antral follicles, cumulus cells and theca cells displayed positive expression of GDF‐9. In corpora lutea, GDF‐9 was expressed in both granulosa and theca lutein cells. After in vitro culture, there was no difference in the number of primordial follicles between cultured plus GDF‐9 and cultured control that indicated the GDF‐9 treatment has no effect on the primordial to primary follicle transition. GDF‐9 treatment caused a significant decrease in the number of primary and secondary follicles compared with controls accompanied with a significant increase in pre‐antral and antral follicles. These results suggest that a larger number of primary and secondary follicles were stimulated to progress to later developmental stages when treated with GDF‐9. Vitrification/warming of buffalo ovarian tissue had a little remarkable effect, in contrast to culturing for 14 days, on the expression of GDF‐9. In conclusion, treatment with GDF‐9 was found to promote progression of primary follicle that could provide an alternative approach to stimulate early follicle development and to improve therapies for the most common infertility problem in buffaloes (ovarian inactivity).  相似文献   

Prevalence and genetic profiles of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains isolated from buffaloes, cattle, and goats in central Vietnam     

Vu-Khac H  Cornick NA 《Veterinary microbiology》2008,126(4):356-363

We investigated the prevalence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in 568 healthy domestic animals (buffaloes, cattle, and goats) from 98 farms in the central region of Vietnam. The aims of this study were to determine if the prevalence of STEC in South East Asia is similar to that in other parts of the world, to characterize the virulence gene profiles from the recovered STEC and to determine if the recovered STEC belong to serotypes commonly associated with human disease. STEC and intimin-positive strains were recovered from 27% of buffaloes, 23% of cattle, and 38.5% of goats. Seventy percent of buffalo farms, 60% of cattle farms and 100% goat farms were positive for STEC. Of 170 STEC strains, 99 carried both stx1 and stx2 genes, 36 carried the stx2 gene, and 35 carried the stx1 gene. The eae gene was found in six caprine isolates, but not in buffalo or bovine isolates. Among 173 E. coli strains (170 STEC and 3 intimin-positive), 110 carried the ehxA gene, 106 possessed the saa gene. Further characterization of stx subtypes demonstrated that among 134 stx1-containing isolates, 107 belonged to the stx1c subtype and 27 were the stx1 subtype. Of the 132 stx2-containing isolates, 36 were stx2, 34 were stx2c, 43 were stx2d subtype, 3 belonged to stx2g, and 16 strains were stx2d(act). The stx2c variant was dominant in strains isolated from buffalo while the stx2d variant occurred more frequently in caprine isolates. Only 9 (5%) STEC strains contained genes encoding for serotypes O26, O91, O121, O145, and O157 LPS, which are more frequently associated with human infections. The results of this study provide data for understanding of epidemiology of STEC among domestic animals in Vietnam and indicate that buffaloes are also an important reservoir of STEC.  相似文献   

Detection by PCR of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, the bacterium causing citrus huanglongbing in vector psyllids: application to the study of vector–pathogen relationships     

T.-H. Hung †  S.-C. Hung  C.-N. Chen  M.-H. Hsu  H.-J. Su 《Plant pathology》2004,53(1):96-102

Citrus huanglongbing (HLB), previously called greening, is a serious citrus disease in Asia, eastern and southern Africa. It is caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las), a phloem-limited, nonculturable bacterium transmitted by the Asian citrus psyllid ( Diaphorina citri ) in Asia. A PCR-based assay was developed for monitoring Las in vector psyllids using a rapid DNA extraction from psyllid bodies and PCR amplification. The entire procedure for Las detection in psyllids can be completed within 5 h. Using this method, Las can be accurately detected in psyllid adults as well as nymphs in different instar stages. The assay is sensitive enough for Las detection in single-psyllid extract from adult, fifth, fourth and third instars. In a transovarial transmission experiment, Las was not detected in eggs or in offspring produced by Las-carrying psyllid females. In a retention test, the Las-carrying psyllids remained Las-positive for 12 weeks after they were moved to common jasmine orange, a Las-immune plant. From these experimental results it was concluded that Las persists in the Asian citrus psyllid vector, but is not transovarially transmitted by the vector. These data help in understanding epidemiological characteristics of Las and psyllids in citrus HLB.  相似文献   

四纹豆象(Callosobruchus quadrimaculatus Fabr.)生物学特性和熏蒸方法研究     

洪若豪 《植物保护学报》1965,4(3):249-254

四纹豆象为豆类危险性害虫之一。它能在田间及仓庫内为害豇豆、綠豆、茶豆和豌豆等多种豆科的种子,使种子失去种用和食用价值。据在福州室内飼养结果:四纹豆象一年发生世代数与食料种类有关,在仓儲綠豆、豇豆和菜豆种子上,一年可繁殖9—10代;在大豆和蚕豆种子上一年至少可繁殖6—7代。研究所用材料系采自邮寄进口豆种,并在綠豆上飼养。四紋豆象在福州可以生活繁殖,一年可发生10代。消灭措施采用氯化苦熏蒸,效果甚好。  相似文献   

Genetic variation of the lambdaA and lambdaC protein encoding genes of avian reoviruses     

Shen PC  Chiou YF  Liu HJ  Song CH  Su YP  Lee LH 《Research in veterinary science》2007,83(3):394-402

Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of lambdaA and lambdaC protein encoding genes of 12 avian reoviruses is described. The sequence of lambdaA possesses a variable region (residues 19-51) located within a conserved hydrophilic region (residues 1-110) and a C(2)H(2) zinc-binding motif (residues 182-202). lambdaC shows the two conserved K residues at positions 169 and 188 indicative of guanylyltransferase activity, an ATP/GTP-binding site motif A (residues 379-386), and a conserved S-adenosyl-l-methionine-binding motif (residues 822-830). Pairwise sequence comparisons show that the mean sequence identities of lambdaA encoding genes and lambdaA proteins are 92% and 98%, respectively, and those of lambdaC encoding genes and lambdaC proteins are 91% and 95%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of lambdaA and lambdaC encoding genes reveals that both encoding genes have diverged into three distinct lineages, respectively, and that there is no correlation between lineages and viral serotypes or pathotypes. Also, reassortment of gene segments L1 and L3 has been observed between viruses.  相似文献   

Medium‐chain triglyceride as an alternative of in‐feed colistin sulfate to improve growth performance and intestinal microbial environment in newly weaned pigs          下载免费PDF全文

Hung‐Che Yen  Wei‐Kang Lai  Chuan‐Shun Lin  Shu‐Hsing Chiang 《Animal Science Journal》2015,86(1):99-104

Five hundred and twenty‐eight newly weaned pigs were given four treatments, with eight replicates per treatment. Sixteen to 18 pigs were assigned per replicate and were fed diets supplemented with 0 or 3% medium‐chain triglyceride (MCT) and 0 or 40 ppm colistin sulfate (CS) in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement for 2 weeks. The results showed that dietary supplementation with MCT improved the gain‐to‐feed ratio during days 3‐7 and in the overall period (P < 0.05). Dietary supplementation with MCT decreased coliforms counts (C) in colon and rectum content (P < 0.05). Dietary supplementation with CS decreased C and lactic acid bacteria plus C counts (L + C) in cecum (P < 0.05), and C, L + C (P < 0.01) and ratio of L and C (P < 0.05) in colon and rectum contents. The lack of interactions between MCT and CS indicates different modes of action and additive effects between the two supplementations. In conclusion, supplementation with MCT in diet with or without CS could improve the intestinal microbial environment and the feed utilization efficiency of newly weaned pigs.  相似文献