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21.
Efficacy of intra-muscular analgesics for acute pain in sheep 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The analgesic action of intramuscularly injected buprenorphine, methadone, flunixin meglumine and xylazine was examined in sheep, using algesimetry based on a leg withdrawal response to an electrical stimulus. No analgesic response was detected for buprenorphine, methadone or flunixin meglumine. Only the αaL2-adrenoceptor agonist, xylazine, produced an analgesic response. The current required to elicit a response increased by 170% (4.5±0.43 mA to 12.23±1.14 mA; mean±SE) after a dose of 0.05 mg/kg xylazine; by 180% (4.73±0.3 mA to 13.28±2.35 mA) after 0.1 mg/kg; and by 510% (4.52±0.29 mA to 27.63±3.89 mA) after 0.2 mg/kg. Intramuscular xylazine appears to be an effective analgesic agent for acute pain in the sheep and further investigation into ideal administration regimens and dosage may provide more detailed information on relationships between dose, analgesic and sedative effects. The findings also suggest that some common analgesic agents, and opioids in particular, may be ineffective for the management of acute pain in sheep and that any analgesic should be administered only on the basis of its proven efficacy in that species. 相似文献
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DM Hidalgo RM Friendship L Greiner R Manjarín MR Amezcua JC Domínguez RN Kirkwood 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2014,49(6):899-902
The aim of this study was to determine the association between the oestrous response of pre‐pubertal gilts to gonadotrophin injection or boar exposure and their subsequent farrowing rate and litter size. At 154 days of age, randomly selected pre‐pubertal gilts received an intramuscular injection of 400 IU equine chorionic gonadotrophin plus 200 IU human chorionic gonadotrophin (PG600®; Merck Animal Health; n = 181). From the remaining pool of animals not treated with hormones, the first gilts showing signs of oestrus were selected to act as controls (n = 201). Boar exposure began at 155 days of age for both groups, and gilts were bred at a weight of approximately 130 kg. Comparisons were made between PG600®‐treated gilts exhibiting oestrus or not within 7 days post‐injection (early and late responders, respectively) and control gilts exhibiting oestrus or not within 30 days after beginning of boar exposure (select and non‐select control gilts, respectively). By 162 days, oestrus was detected in 67.5% of PG600®‐treated gilts compared with 5.7% of control gilts (p < 0.0001). The proportion of animals observed in oestrus at least three times before breeding was greater for select control gilts compared with early and late responder PG600®‐treated gilts (p ≤ 0.001). There were no significant differences in farrowing rate and litter size between the four treatment groups. These data indicate that PG600® is an effective tool to induce an earlier oestrus in gilts, that subsequent farrowing rate and born alive litter size compare favourably to that of select gilts and that gilts failing to respond promptly to hormonal stimulation do not exhibit compromised fertility. 相似文献
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R Manjarin G Cassar DJ Sprecher RM Friendship JC Dominguez RN Kirkwood 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2009,44(3):411-413
To meet weekly breeding targets, it is occasionally necessary to inject exogenous gonadotrophins to induce oestrus in prepubertal gilts. However, the gilt oestrus response to equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) either alone or in combination with human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) can be unpredictable. The objective of the present study was to examine possible reasons for this unpredictability. Prepubertal gilts (90 kg and 153 days of age, n = 109) received an injection of either 600 IU eCG or a combination of 400 IU eCG and 200 IU hCG (PG600), or were non-injected controls, and were then exposed to a mature boar for 15 min daily for 7 days for oestrus detection. At the time of injection, real-time ultrasound revealed that the gilt ovaries had primarily 1–2 mm follicles. Blood samples were obtained at time of hormone injection (day 0) and at days 3, 7 and 10 for assay of serum progesterone concentrations. The oestrus responses by 7 days were15.5%, 73.3% and 0%, for eCG, PG600, and control gilts, respectively (p < 0.001). The oestrus response improved (p < 0.05) with increasing body weight. Based on circulating progesterone levels, all oestrous gilts ovulated except for four of the PG600 gilts. Failure to express oestrus in PG600 gilts was not associated with a premature rise in progesterone. 相似文献
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PETR KLEMENT DVM CHRISTOPHER M. FEINDEL MD HUGH E. SCULLY MD EILEEN MESHER RN GIANNOULA KLEMENT BSc PEDRO DEL NIDO MD GREGORY J. WILSON MD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1987,16(3):231-237
Although techniques for the perioperative management of patients undergoing mitral valve replacement have been well established in humans, the use of these techniques has not been widely accepted in veterinary practice. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that low morbidity and mortality could be achieved in the dog undergoing mitral valve replacement. Nine mongrel dogs (25-45 kg body weight) were subject to left thoracotomy and mitral valve replacement using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The average time on CPB was 1 hour with an aortic cross-clamping time of 40 minutes using chemically induced cardiac arrest. CPB was performed under conditions of moderate systemic hypothermia (28-30 degrees C) and hemodilution (hematocrit, 25-35%). Operative mortality was 22% (2/9) with one death from excessive bleeding and the other from cerebral air embolism. All other animals recovered and were clinically normal 3 weeks after surgery. The authors conclude that successful mitral valve replacement is possible in the large dog. 相似文献
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AIM: Using specified indices, to determine the nutritional and thermal status of calves between 1 and 4 days of age. METHODS: After birth, calves (n=106) were collected daily, according to farm practice. Over the following 4 days a jugular blood sample and rectal temperature were taken twice daily before feeding. Plasma concentrations of glucose, beta-hydroxybutyrate and urea, and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activities were determined. The significance of differences in plasma composition and rectal temperature between calves whose birth had been assisted or unassisted, and between calves with low and high plasma GGT activities 24 h after birth, was determined using repeated measures analysis of varianc RESULTS: There were no marked differences in plasma metabolite levels or body temperature of assisted and unassisted calves. Calves that had high plasma GGT activities 24 h after birth had higher plasma glucose concentrations over the 4 days than calves that had low plasma GGT activities (p<0.001). Overall, compared to published data on poorly-fed and hypothermic calves, calves in this study were normoglycaemic, their plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate and urea concentrations were low and their rectal temperatures were normal, indicating that they were well fed and did not become hypothermic. CONCLUSIONS: The nutritional and thermal status of at least 90% of the calves was compatible with good health and survival during the first 4 days after birth. 相似文献
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MOGENS BJ
RN NIELSEN 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》1996,6(3):187-190
1. In 1993 the EU Life Programme granted funds to establish a demonstration project on river and catchment restoration. The aim is to improve understanding of ecosystem diversity, the impact on biodiversity of human activities, and the restoration of natural functions and biodiversity. The total cost of the project will be approximately £5 m up to the beginning of 1997. 2. The demonstration project covers three different types of rivers and geology in the UK and Denmark. The three damaged rivers and their floodplains have been restored on stretches of several kilometres. 3. A comprehensive monitoring programme has been set up to examine the physical, chemical and biological effects of restoration for integrated catchment management, nature conservation, water quality, river hydrology, flood prevention and amenity. 4. The project will also produce reports, videos, a river restoration handbook and other material on the development, implementation and results of the project. An EU network of contacts with organizations, river managers and others with interests in river restoration will be established. 相似文献
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CB Johnson KJ Stafford SP Sylvester RN Ward S Mitchinson DJ Mellor 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(6):433-437
AIM: To use the electroencephalogram (EEG) to ascertain whether the response of the cerebral cortex to the noxious stimulus of castration varied with age in lambs. METHODS: Two groups of East Friesian lambs were selected according to age; the mean age of the younger group (n=21) was 12 (SD 2) days and the older group (n=20) was 29 (SD 1) days. Anaesthesia was induced via mask using 4% halothane in oxygen, and maintained using 1.5% halothane in oxygen at a flow rate of 4 L/min. Once a stable plane of anaesthesia had been achieved, data collection of EEG and electrocardiographic (ECG) readings commenced, and the lambs were castrated 15 min later, using rubber rings. Median and 95% spectral edge frequencies (F95) and total EEG power (ptot) were derived from data from the EEG. RESULTS: Following castration, there was an increase in the median frequency (F50) in the younger lambs (p=0.002), and an increase in ptot in both groups (p=0.05), which was of greater magnitude in the older lambs. There were no significant changes in the F95. Both younger and older lambs exhibited a transient bradycardia (p=0.001 and p=0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: These differences in the cortical response between the two groups suggest that 2-week-old lambs undergo a qualitatively different perception of the noxious stimulus of castration compared to 4-week-old lambs. 相似文献
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S Rowe C Cunningham L Ingenhoff JM Norris RN Zadoks 《Australian veterinary journal》2023,101(9):339-344