Spin Hall effect transistor     

Wunderlich J  Park BG  Irvine AC  Zârbo LP  Rozkotová E  Nemec P  Novák V  Sinova J  Jungwirth T 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2010,330(6012):1801-1804

The field of semiconductor spintronics explores spin-related quantum relativistic phenomena in solid-state systems. Spin transistors and spin Hall effects have been two separate leading directions of research in this field. We have combined the two directions by realizing an all-semiconductor spin Hall effect transistor. The device uses diffusive transport and operates without electrical current in the active part of the transistor. We demonstrate a spin AND logic function in a semiconductor channel with two gates. Our study shows the utility of the spin Hall effect in a microelectronic device geometry, realizes the spin transistor with electrical detection directly along the gated semiconductor channel, and provides an experimental tool for exploring spin Hall and spin precession phenomena in an electrically tunable semiconductor layer.  相似文献   

The distribution of pepsinogen within the abomasa of cattle and sheep infected with Ostertagia spp. and sheep infected with Haemonchus contortus.     

I Scott  A Dick  J Irvine  M J Stear  Q A McKellar 《Veterinary parasitology》1999,82(2):145-159

The effect of nematode infections on the production of pepsinogen by ruminants was investigated immunohistochemically and biochemically. Abomasal tissues were collected from parasite-naive cattle and sheep, from sheep infected with predominantly Ostertagia circumcincta, sheep infected experimentally with Haemonchus contortus and cattle infected with Ostertagia ostertagi. Pepsinogen was also assayed biochemically in homogenates of fundic mucosae from sheep infected with predominantly O. circumcincta. Infection with Ostertagia spp. parasites was associated mainly with nodular hyperplasia, resulting in increased numbers of cells that produce both pepsinogen and mucus. Measured biochemically, nodules contained more pepsinogen than adjacent more normal mucosa (p < 0.05), and this effect was largely attributable to the greater mass of nodules. Infection of sheep with H. contortus was associated with generalised hyperplasia, characterised by increased numbers of mucopeptic cells and in at least one animal with reductions in parietal cell numbers. At the same time, the zymogen granule content of chief cells was reduced. Similar changes were occasionally seen in sheep infected predominantly with O. circumcincta. Generalised hyperplasia is likely to be indicative of the presence of ambulatory parasitic stages as opposed to those confined to nodules. The potential for the enhanced production of pepsinogen by increased numbers of cells with a joint mucous cell and zymogenic cell phenotype may offset decreases in the numbers of chief cells or reductions in chief cell activity.  相似文献   

The twinning connection     

C H Irvine 《Equine veterinary journal》1983,15(4):293-294

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FSH and LH concentrations preceding post-partum ovulation in the mare.     

C H Irvine  M J Evans 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1978,26(12):310-311

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Pituitary hormones: Basic aspects     

Clifford H.G. Irvine B.V.Sc.  D.Sc.  F.A.C.V.Sc. 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》1983,3(6):203-207

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Low pathogenic avian influenza in domestic fowl in Norfolk, England, March and April, 2006     

Manvell RJ  Londt BZ  Ceeraz V  Cox WJ  Essen S  Banks J  Slomka MJ  Pavlidis T  Irvine RM  Wilesmith JW  Sharpe CE  Hurst A  Alexander DJ  Brown IH 《The Veterinary record》2008,162(9):278-280

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Duranta erecta poisoning in nine dogs and a cat     

Scanlan SN  Eagles DA  Vacher NE  Irvine MA  Ryan CJ  McKenzie RA 《Australian veterinary journal》2006,84(10):367-370

Four incidents of Duranta erecta (golden dewdrop, Sheena's Gold, Geisha Girl) poisoning affecting nine dogs and a cat produced drowsiness, hyperaesthesia and tetanic seizures in all affected animals with evidence of alimentary tract irritation (vomiting, gastric and intestinal haemorrhage, diarrhoea, melaena) in five dogs and the cat. Fruits and leaves were seen to be eaten by affected animals. Therapy was successful in three of the dogs. Repeated diazepam doses and, in some cases, additional pentobarbitone or propofol anaesthesia, were successful in controlling seizures.  相似文献   

Spatial designs and properties of spatial correlation: Effects on covariance estimation     

Kathryn M. Irvine  Alix I. Gitelman  Jennifer A. Hoeting 《Journal of Agricultural, Biological & Environmental Statistics》2007,12(4):450-469

In a spatial regression context, scientists are often interested in a physical interpretation of components of the parametric covariance function. For example, spatial covariance parameter estimates in ecological settings have been interpreted to describe spatial heterogeneity or “patchiness” in a landscape that cannot be explained by measured covariates. In this article, we investigate the influence of the strength of spatial dependence on maximum likelihood (ML) and restricted maximum likelihood (REML) estimates of covariance parameters in an exponential-with-nugget model, and we also examine these influences under different sampling designs—specifically, lattice designs and more realistic random and cluster designs—at differing intensities of sampling (n=144 and 361). We find that neither ML nor REML estimates perform well when the range parameter and/or the nugget-to-sill ratio is large—ML tends to underestimate the autocorrelation function and REML produces highly variable estimates of the autocorrelation function. The best estimates of both the covariance parameters and the autocorrelation function come under the cluster sampling design and large sample sizes. As a motivating example, we consider a spatial model for stream sulfate concentration.  相似文献   

Characterisation of ovine mast cells derived from in vitro culture of haemopoietic tissue.     

J F Huntley  D M Haig  J Irvine  L Inglis  A MacDonald  A Rance  R Moqbel 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》1992,32(1-2):47-64

Ovine mast cells generated in vitro from bone marrow (BMMC) were compared with mucosal mast cells (MMC) isolated from parasitised abomasum. Ultrastructurally, the granules of BMMC were partially developed and immature. Both cells types contained beta-hexosaminidase, arylsulfatase, histamine, dopamine and sheep mast cell proteinase (SMCP). Greater amounts of beta-hexosaminidase, but less SMCP, histamine and arylsulfatase were present in BMMC. Stimulation with calcium ionophore A23187 caused the secretion of granule constituents and generation of leukotriene C4 by BMMC in a dose-dependent manner. An additional [3H]diisopropylfluorophosphate-binding 31,500 mol. wt. serine esterase, antigenically related to SMCP (27,000 mol. wt.) was present in cultures of BMMC but was not detected in isolated MMC. Both enzymes were detected in BMMC by Day 7 of culture and were secreted concomitantly following stimulation of BMMC with ionophore.  相似文献   

Partially Molten Middle Crust Beneath Southern Tibet: Synthesis of Project INDEPTH Results   总被引：23，自引：0，他引：23  

KD Nelson  W Zhao  LD Brown  J Kuo  J Che  X Liu  SL Klemperer  Y Makovsky  R Meissner  J Mechie  R Kind  F Wenzel  J Ni  J Nabelek  C Leshou  H Tan  W Wei  AG Jones  J Booker  M Unsworth  WSF Kidd  M Hauck  D Alsdorf  A Ross  M Cogan  C Wu  E Sandvol  M Edwards 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1996,274(5293):1684-1688

INDEPTH geophysical and geological observations imply that a partially molten midcrustal layer exists beneath southern Tibet. This partially molten layer has been produced by crustal thickening and behaves as a fluid on the time scale of Himalayan deformation. It is confined on the south by the structurally imbricated Indian crust underlying the Tethyan and High Himalaya and is underlain, apparently, by a stiff Indian mantle lid. The results suggest that during Neogene time the underthrusting Indian crust has acted as a plunger, displacing the molten middle crust to the north while at the same time contributing to this layer by melting and ductile flow. Viewed broadly, the Neogene evolution of the Himalaya is essentially a record of the southward extrusion of the partially molten middle crust underlying southern Tibet.  相似文献