Method for analysis of fatty acid distribution and oil content on a single Lesquerella fendleri seed     

Terry A. Isbell  Melissa S. Mund  Roque L. Evangelista  David A. Dierig 《Industrial Crops and Products》2008,28(2):231-236

Lesquerella fendleri is a developing oilseed crop suitable for temperate growing regions in the US. The seed oil is rich in lesquerolic acid (57%) and could serve as a domestic source of hydroxy fatty acids. A method for the analysis of fatty acids and total oil content of a half or single lesquerella seed was developed. Lesquerella seeds are small with 1000 seed weights around 0.6 g (half seed mass of 200–500 μg). Conventional analytical balances provide mass accuracy to ±40 μg which fails to provide sufficient accuracy/precession (4–40% mass error) for the initial seed mass. A microbalance which measures to ±2 μg provided good reproducibility in initial seed weights but was not suitable for mass balance of the extracted oil. A normal phase HPLC coupled to an evaporative light scattering detector gave good response for oil in the mass range of 22 μg to 110 μg/mL. Therefore, micelle concentrations from single or half seed extractions could be determined with good reproducibility. This method was then evaluated on bulk seed that had been fractionated on a gravity table. Gravity table fractionation of L. fendleri seeds obtained from a large field plot provided seven fractions with increasing bulk density. These fractions were then analyzed in sets of 30 individual seeds and as an aggregate of 50 seeds. Oil content for individual seeds varied widely (15.6–44.2%) as did lesquerolic acid content (42.2–63.7%). The mean oil content increased (27–33%) with increasing bulk density (684–745 g/L). The mean lesquerolic acid content did not correlate with bulk density.  相似文献   

Incidence of Unilateral Fertilizations after Low Dose Deep Intrauterine Insemination in Spontaneously Ovulating Sows under Field Conditions     

EA Martinez  JM Vazquez  I Parrilla  C Cuello  MA Gil  H Rodriguez-Martinez  J Roca  JL Vazquez 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2006,41(1):41-47

A new procedure for non-surgical deep intrauterine insemination (DUI) in unrestrained sows hormonally induced to ovulate, has been reported. In comparison with standard artificial insemination (AI), with this procedure, the sperm numbers inseminated can be reduced 20-fold without reducing the reproductive performance of these hormonally treated sows. The present study evaluated, using two experiments, the reproductive performance applying 20-fold different sperm numbers per AI dose using DUI or standard AI in spontaneously ovulating sows, under field conditions. In experiment 1, AI was applied to crossbred sows at 12, 24 and 36 h after onset of spontaneous oestrus using one of the following two regimes: (i) DUI (treatment) with 0.15 x 10(9) fresh boar spermatozoa in 5 ml of Beltsville thawing solution (BTS) extender (n = 95), and (ii) standard cervical AI (control) with 2.85 x 10(9) fresh spermatozoa in 95 ml of BTS extender (n = 95). The farrowing rates of the two groups of sows were statistically similar (NS). However, a decrease (p < 0.002) in litter size and the total number of pigs born alive was observed in sows inseminated with the DUI procedure. In experiment 2, 42 post-weaned oestrus sows were inseminated following the same design described for experiment 1 during spontaneous oestrus. On day 6 after onset of oestrus, the proximal segment of the uterine horns of the sows were flushed under surgery to retrieve eventual embryos and evaluate the success of fertilization per cornua (e.g. occurrence of effective uni- vs bilateral sperm transport rendering uni- or bilateral, complete or partial fertilization). Retrieved embryos were assessed for cleavage and number of accessory spermatozoa. Although identical overall pregnancy rates were achieved in both insemination groups, the percentage of sows with partial bilateral fertilization and unilateral fertilization was markedly higher (p < 0.05) in the DUI group (35%) compared with the control (standard AI) group (5%), with a consequent lower (p < 0.001) percentage of viable early embryos after DUI. The number of accessory spermatozoa in the zona pellucida of the embryos was highly variable, but higher (p < 0.001) in control animals than in DUI-AI. No accessory spermatozoa were found in oocytes retrieved from sows depicting unilateral fertilization. In conclusion, DUI in spontaneously ovulating sows with 0.15 x 10(9) spermatozoa renders similar farrowing rates but a lower litter size compared with use of standard AI with a 20-fold higher sperm dose. The lower litter size ought to be related to a decreased distribution of spermatozoa after DUI leading to a higher incidence of partial bilateral and unilateral fertilization.  相似文献   

Effects of a Progesterone‐Based Oestrous Synchronization Protocol in 51‐ to 57‐Day Postpartum High‐Producing Dairy Cows     

I Garcia‐Ispierto  F Lpez‐Gatius  G Bech‐Sbat  JL Yniz  E Angulo  C Maris  S Floc&#x;h  A Martino 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(5):e168-e173

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of applying a progesterone‐based oestrous synchronization protocol at 51–57 days postpartum in high‐producing dairy cows. The data analysed were derived from 1345 lactating cows. Cows between 51 and 57 days postpartum were assigned to the groups: control, PRID (receiving a progesterone‐releasing intravaginal device for 9 days, and prostaglandin F_2α 24 h before PRID removal) or GnRH–PRID (the same as the PRID group plus GnRH at PRID insertion). Oestrus was detected by using pedometers and confirmed by examination of the genital tract at AI. Oestrous and conception rates before days 71–77 postpartum, pregnancy loss in early pregnant cows or the cumulative conception rate registered on day 120 postpartum were considered as the dependent variables in four consecutive logistic regression analyses. Based on the odds ratios, the oestrous rate increased by a factor of 1.73 in cows showing oestrus before treatment for each unit increase in the number of previous oestruses; decreased by a factor of 0.44 in the control group with respect to the treatment groups; and by a factor of 0.61 in cows without luteal structures at treatment with respect to cows with corpora lutea. The conception rates of cows inseminated before days 71–77 postpartum remained similar across the groups, whereas the likelihood of pregnancy loss for cows becoming pregnant during this period was 0.11 times lower in the PRID group than in the control. Based on the odds ratio, the likelihood of a higher cumulative conception rate on day 120 postpartum: increased in cows showing oestrus before treatment by a factor of 1.41 for each unit increase in the number of previous oestruses, was reduced 0.56‐fold in control cows compared with treated cows, and was also reduced by a factor of 0.98 for each kilogram of milk production increase recorded at treatment. In conclusion, although oestrous synchronization programmes performed in this study did not improve fertility, cows treated with progesterone could be inseminated earlier than untreated cows, such that the treatments increased the cumulative pregnancy rates determined on day 120 postpartum. In addition, fewer pregnancy losses were observed in early pregnant cows in the PRID group than the GnRH–PRID group.  相似文献   

Systemic Immunosuppression by Methylprednisolone and Pregnancy Rates in Goats Undergoing the Transfer of Cloned Embryos     

C Feltrin  CA Cooper  N Mohamad‐Fauzi  VHV Rodrigues  LH Aguiar  S Gaudencio‐Neto  LT Martins  CEM Calderón  AS Morais  IS Carneiro  TM Almeida  ING Silva  JL Rodrigues  EA Maga  JD Murray  AB Libório  LR Bertolini  M Bertolini 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2014,49(4):648-656

The presence of the zona pellucida has been perceived as a requirement for the oviductal transfer of cloned embryos at early stages of development while protecting the embryo from an immune system response. We hypothesized that steroid hormone therapy could reduce a potential cellular immune response after the transfer of zona‐free cloned embryos into the oviduct of recipient female goats. In Experiment 1, seven does were used to study the systemic immunosuppressant effect of the methylprednisolone administration (for 3 days) on blood cell counts. Whole blood was collected prior to treatment with methyprednisolone and then on Days 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 14, 21 and 28 after the first dose of methylprednisolone for the analysis of haematological parameters. Methylprednisolone treatment significantly reduced circulating white blood cells and neutrophils in comparison with pre‐treatment levels, demonstrating a systemic immunosuppressant effect. In Experiment 2, a group of 58 does were used as recipient females to study the effect of administration of methylprednisolone for 3 days on the establishment of pregnancies after the transfer of zona‐free cloned embryos into the oviducts. No effects on pregnancy rates on Day 30 were observed regarding the distinct treatment groups (control vs. methylprednisolone), the source of oocytes (in vivo‐ vs in vitro‐matured) or the presence or absence of the zona pellucida in embryos. In summary, methylprednisolone was effective at inducing a systemic immunosuppressed state in goats, but the treatment prior to embryo transfer did not affect pregnancy rates. Moreover, pregnancy rates were similar between zona‐free and zona‐intact goat cloned embryos.  相似文献   

Care and Handling of Australian Native Animals: Emergency Care and Captive Management     

HELEN GEORGE  BRIAN G RICH  JL CHURCHILL  RC CHURCHILL 《Australian veterinary journal》1994,71(2):60-60

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A comparison of the reduction in immunoglobulin (IgG) concentration of frozen equine plasma treated by three thawing techniques     

JL O'RIELLY 《Australian veterinary journal》1993,70(12):442-444

SUMMARY: The IgG concentration of plasma from 13 mares was measured by radial immunodiffusion when fresh and after storage at -4°C and thawing by 3 methods. There was no significant (P > 0.05) reduction in the IgG concentration when plasma was thawed over 6 hours at 22°C (1352.9 ± 101.6 mg/dL) (mean ± SEM) compared with the fresh sample (1369.5 ± 88.1 mg/dL). In contrast, there was a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in the IgG concentration of plasma that was rapidly thawed at 57°C over 50 minutes (1142.9 ±66.2 mg/dL), or placed in a microwave oven for 20 to 25 minutes (1093.4 ± 74.4 mg/dL). When plasma is administered to hypo-gammaglobulinaemic newborn foals, a larger volume is required when thawing is rapid than when thawing is slow or when fresh plasma is administered.  相似文献   

Serological evidence of Neospora caninum in alpacas from eastern Australia          下载免费PDF全文

JS King  JL Vaughan  PA Windsor 《Australian veterinary journal》2015,93(7):259-261

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Abrupt climate events 500,000 to 340,000 years ago: evidence from subpolar north atlantic sediments     

DW Oppo  JF McManus  JL Cullen 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,279(5355):1335-1338

Subpolar North Atlantic proxy records document millennial-scale climate variations 500,000 to 340,000 years ago. The cycles have an approximately constant pacing that is similar to that documented for the last glacial cycle. These findings suggest that such climate variations are inherent to the late Pleistocene, regardless of glacial state. Sea surface temperature during the warm peak of Marine Isotope Stage 11 (MIS 11) varied by 0.5 degrees to 1 degrees C, less than the 4 degrees to 4.5 degrees C estimated during times of ice growth and the 3 degrees C estimated for glacial maxima. Coherent deep ocean circulation changes were associated with glacial oscillations in sea surface temperature.  相似文献   

Magnetic Field and Plasma Observations at Mars: Initial Results of the Mars Global Surveyor Mission   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

MH Acu?a  JEP Connerney  P Wasilewski  RP Lin  KA Anderson  CW Carlson  J McFadden  DW Curtis  D Mitchell  H Reme  C Mazelle  JA Sauvaud  C d'Uston  A Cros  JL Medale  SJ Bauer  P Cloutier  M Mayhew  D Winterhalter  NF Ness 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,279(5357):1676-1680

The magnetometer and electron reflectometer investigation (MAG/ER) on the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft has obtained magnetic field and plasma observations throughout the near-Mars environment, from beyond the influence of Mars to just above the surface (at an altitude of approximately 100 kilometers). The solar wind interaction with Mars is in many ways similar to that at Venus and at an active comet, that is, primarily an ionospheric-atmospheric interaction. No significant planetary magnetic field of global scale has been detected to date (<2 x 10(21) Gauss-cubic centimeter), but here the discovery of multiple magnetic anomalies of small spatial scale in the crust of Mars is reported.  相似文献   

The structure of the upper atmosphere of mars: In situ accelerometer measurements from mars global surveyor   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

GM Keating  SW Bougher  RW Zurek  RH Tolson  GJ Cancro  SN Noll  JS Parker  TJ Schellenberg  RW Shane  BL Wilkerson  JR Murphy  JL Hollingsworth  RM Haberle  M Joshi  JC Pearl  BJ Conrath  MD Smith  RT Clancy  RC Blanchard  RG Wilmoth  DF Rault  TZ Martin  DT Lyons  PB Esposito  MD Johnston  al et 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,279(5357):1672-1676

The Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) z-axis accelerometer has obtained over 200 vertical structures of thermospheric density, temperature, and pressure, ranging from 110 to 170 kilometers, compared to only three previous such vertical structures. In November 1997, a regional dust storm in the Southern Hemisphere triggered an unexpectedly large thermospheric response at mid-northern latitudes, increasing the altitude of thermospheric pressure surfaces there by as much as 8 kilometers and indicating a strong global thermospheric response to a regional dust storm. Throughout the MGS mission, thermospheric density bulges have been detected on opposite sides of the planet near 90 degreesE and 90 degreesW, in the vicinity of maximum terrain heights. This wave 2 pattern may be caused by topographically-forced planetary waves propagating up from the lower atmosphere.  相似文献