Oestrous sheep serum balances ROS levels to supply in vitro capacitation of ram spermatozoa          下载免费PDF全文

E Del Olmo  O García‐Álvarez  A Maroto‐Morales  M Ramón  M Iniesta‐Cuerda  F Martinez‐Pastor  V Montoro  AJ Soler  JJ Garde  MR Fernández‐Santos 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2016,51(5):743-750

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are fundamental for intracellular signalling. In spermatozoa, they are involved both to apoptosis and to capacitation, and changes in ROS levels can alter the balance between these two processes. Oestrous sheep serum (OSS) is considered an efficient agent for in vitro capacitation of ram spermatozoa. We have explored the effects of OSS on ram sperm physiology, especially on ROS production, during in vitro capacitation. Semen samples from 15 rams were cryopreserved. After thawing, samples were submitted to four treatments: control (CTL), 10% OSS supplementation for in vitro sperm capacitation, caspase inhibitor (INH, Z‐VAD‐FMK 100 μM) and OSS (10%) plus caspase inhibitor (I + E). Sperm samples were incubated for 30 min at 38.5°C and 5% CO₂ and evaluated motility and kinetic parameters by computer‐assisted semen analysis (CASA) and viability (propidium iodide), apoptotic‐like membrane changes (YO‐PRO‐1), acrosomal status (PNA‐FITC), intracellular calcium (FLUO‐3), membrane fluidity (M540) and ROS production (CM‐H₂DCFDA) by flow cytometry. OSS induced changes in kinetic parameters compatible with capacitation, with a decrease in the percentage of progressive motility and linearity, and an increase in the amplitude of the lateral displacement of the sperm head (p < .05). Moreover, OSS increased the proportion of M540+ viable spermatozoa, YO‐PRO‐1+ and acrosome‐reacted spermatozoa (p < .05). After incubation, OSS and I+E achieved lower ROS levels (p < .05). Ca²⁺ levels did not change with the incubation, but were slightly higher (p < .05) when both OSS and the inhibitor were present. We suggest that OSS may modulate ROS levels, allowing intracellular signalling for capacitation to occur while preventing higher levels that could trigger apoptosis.  相似文献   

An alternative bactericidal mechanism of action for lantibiotic peptides that target lipid II     

Hasper HE  Kramer NE  Smith JL  Hillman JD  Zachariah C  Kuipers OP  de Kruijff B  Breukink E 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,313(5793):1636-1637

Lantibiotics are polycyclic peptides containing unusual amino acids, which have binding specificity for bacterial cells, targeting the bacterial cell wall component lipid II to form pores and thereby lyse the cells. Yet several members of these lipid II-targeted lantibiotics are too short to be able to span the lipid bilayer and cannot form pores, but somehow they maintain their antibacterial efficacy. We describe an alternative mechanism by which members of the lantibiotic family kill Gram-positive bacteria by removing lipid II from the cell division site (or septum) and thus block cell wall synthesis.  相似文献   

Prevalence of dental and mandibular disorders in culled sheep in Spain     

M Ruiz de Arcaute  LM Ferrer  D Lacasta  JM González  M De las Heras  M Borobia  JJ Ramos 《Australian veterinary journal》2020,98(9):438-441

At the slaughterhouse, 1465 culled sheep heads were studied in order to identify disorders of the mandibular cheek teeth. Of these, 227 (15.5%) had evidence of osteomyelitis. The lesional profile showed that the mandible was affected in a similar proportion on both sides (46.7% on the right side vs 50.7% on the left side), mainly in the middle region (55.3%) and with most of the lesions closed without fistulisation (89.4%). In addition, swelling was palpable, with an increase in thickness in the area of the affected body (2.65 ± 0.065 cm vs 1.74 ± 0.030 cm). In 78.6% of the animals, the regional lymph nodes were enlarged. Concerning the mandibular cheek teeth, more than half of the animals lacked at least one tooth (57.0%), with the first premolar being the most frequently missing tooth (34.8%) and the third molar the least (8.2%). The impaction of food around the teeth was very common with the posterior molars being more frequently affected. In the knowledge of the authors, this is the first study that analyses the prevalence of mandibular molar and premolar disorders in sheep, and these are revealed as an important condition affecting culled sheep.  相似文献   

Serial Transrectal Ultrasonography for Monitoring the Reproductive Activity of the Asiatic Black Bear (Ursus thibetanus ussuricus)          下载免费PDF全文

HG Kang  DH Jeong  JJ Yang  BK Lee  JY Kong  JW Lee  IH Kim 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2015,50(1):149-158

This study evaluated the structural changes in the reproductive tract of Asiatic black bears using serial transrectal ultrasonography. In addition, the ultrasonographic observations were compared with the results of vaginal cytology and hormonal analyses. The collection of blood for hormonal analysis, vaginal cytology and transrectal ultrasonography was performed in two bears (Bears 1 and 2) from June 2011 to August 2013 without mating and in a third bear (Bear 3) from April to December 2012, allowing natural mating. Serial ultrasonographic observations showed cyclic changes in ovarian structures (e.g. emergence of small follicles, growth and ovulation of dominant follicles and corpus luteum (CL) formation) during the reproductive cycles of the three bears. The diameter of the uterine horns remained similar throughout the reproductive cycle in Bears 1 and 2, and it remained similar from April until October, but an enlargement containing foetuses was observed in Bear 3 in December. The ultrasonographic observations were consistent with the data obtained through vaginal cytology and progesterone analysis during the reproductive cycle. An average of 4.0 (±0.4) dominant follicles was observed during the oestrous stage (May‐August), during which the superficial cells accounted for >90% of the total vaginal cells. In addition, the detection of an average of 2.6 (±0.2) CL was associated with increased plasma progesterone concentrations (3.0 ± 0.4 ng/ml) between June and December (near hibernation). In conclusion, serial transrectal ultrasonography demonstrated yearly oestrous (ovulation) cycles via follicular dynamics and CL formation on ovaries, accordingly with vaginal cytology and hormonal level in the Asiatic black bear.  相似文献   

Studies of the coiled sprout disorder of the potato. 2. Effects of sprout length and inoculation withVerticillium nubilum under field conditions     

A. H. Catchpole  J. R. Hillman 《Potato Research》1975,18(4):539-545

Summary The effects of inoculation withVerticillium nubilum have been investigated using three categories of sprout length produced by various chitting treatments of Arran Pilot tubers. The tubers were planted in a field of coarse sandy loam with the tips 102 mm below the surface. Increasing incidence and intensity of coiling symptoms were associated with increasing sprout length. Inoculation withV. nubilum appears to increase the amount of coiling of short- and medium-length sprouts. Following harvestingV. nubilum was not isolated from cultures of subterranean stem segments taken from plants of all treatments. It is concluded thatV. nubilum is not the prime agent in causing coiled sprouts in the field.

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Zusammenfassung An vorgekeimten Knollen der Sorte Arran Pilot wurde der Einfluss der Inokulation mitVerticillium nubilum auf die Keimverkrümmung untersucht. Die Knollen, die so in grobk?rnigen sandigen Lehmboden gepflanzt wurden, dass die Keimspitzen 100 mm unter der Bodenoberfl?che waren, hatten zur Pflanzzeit kurze (4 mm), mittlere (25–32 mm) und lange (43–48 mm) Keime. Nach der Ernte wurden die Haupttriebe (die direkt von der Mutterknolle stammten) auf Verkrümmungssymptome untersucht (Tabelle 1). Je l?nger die Keime zur Pflanzzeit waren, umso st?rker war die Symptomausbildung und umso mehr Triebe zeigten Verkrümmungen. 40% der Triebe aus der Gruppe der kurzen Keime zeigten Verkrümmungen mit einer durchschnittlichen Bonitur von 0.46, w?hrend 92% der Gruppe der langen Keime Verkrümmungen mit einer Bonitur von 2.76 zeigten. Bei den Gruppen der kurzen und mittleren Keime führte die Inokulation mitV. nubilum zu einer Erh?hung der Zahl der verkrümmten Triebe, gleichzeitig verst?rkten sich die Anschwellungen und Spaltungen in den Trieben. Die Symptomausbildung war in der Gruppe der kurzen Keime etwas st?rker, in der Gruppe der langen Keime zeigte sich keine Beeinflussung durch die Inokulation. Nach der Ernte konnteV. nubilum aus den unterirdischen Stengelteilen nicht mehr isoliert werden. Daraus wird geschlossen, dassV. nubilum nicht der prim?re Erreger der Keimverkrümmung im Feld ist.

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Résumé Les effets de l'inoculation deVerticillium nubilum sur la production de germes enroulés ont été recherchés à partir de la variété arran Pilot. Des tubercules prégermés, porteurs à la plantation de germes courts (4 mm), moyens (25–32 mm) ou longs (43–48 mm), ont été plantés dans un terrain sablolimoneux, de telle fa?on que la pointe des germes soit à 100 mm de la surface du sol. A la récolte, les sympt?mes d?s à l'enroulement des germes ont été notés sur les tiges principales (provenant directement du tubercule). Les résultats sont présentés tableau 1. L'accroissement du nombre de tiges porteuses de sympt?mes ainsi que l'importance de ces derniers, ont été associés à l'augmentation de la longueur des germes à la plantation. 40% des tiges provenant de tubercules à germes courts présentaient cette anomalie avec une note moyenne d'enroulement de 0,46, alors que 92% de celles issues de germes longs étaient enroulées avec une note moyenne de 2,76. L'inoculation deV. nubilum a augmenté la quantité d'enroulement pour les germes courts et moyens; pour ce qui est des germes courts elle en a également légèrement augmenté la gravité, et accru les gonflements et les fissures. Les sympt?mes d'enroulement des germes longsn'ont pas été affectés par l'inoculation deV. nubilum. Après la récolte, leV. nubilum n'a pas été isolé à partir de cultures de segments de tiges souterraines prélevées sur des plantes de tous les traitements. En conclusion, on a constaté que leVerticillium Nubilum n'est pas le principal agent causal de l'enroulement des germes dans des conditions de plein champ.

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In Reply: NASA and University Astronomers     

Baker DN  Hillman JJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1989,246(4931):739-740

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Quantifying Transport Between the Tropical and Mid-Latitude Lower Stratosphere     

CM Volk  JW Elkins  DW Fahey  RJ Salawitch  GS Dutton  JM Gilligan  MH Proffitt  M Loewenstein  JR Podolske  K Minschwaner  JJ Margitan  KR Chan 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1996,272(5269):1763-1768

Airborne in situ observations of molecules with a wide range of lifetimes (methane, nitrous oxide, reactive nitrogen, ozone, chlorinated halocarbons, and halon-1211), used in a tropical tracer model, show that mid-latitude air is entrained into the tropical lower stratosphere within about 13.5 months; transport is faster in the reverse direction. Because exchange with the tropics is slower than global photochemical models generally assume, ozone at mid-latitudes appears to be more sensitive to elevated levels of industrial chlorine than is currently predicted. Nevertheless, about 45 percent of air in the tropical ascent region at 21 kilometers is of mid-latitude origin, implying that emissions from supersonic aircraft could reach the middle stratosphere.  相似文献   

Treatment of Unobserved Oestrus in a Dairy Cattle Herd with Low Oestrous Detection Rate up to 60 days Post-partum     

L Mateus  L Lopes da Costa  JJ Alfaro Cardos  & J Robalo Silva 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2002,37(1):57-60

The efficiency of treatments for unobserved oestrus and their effect on the reproductive performance of a dairy cattle herd with low oestrous detection rate till 60 days post‐partum (dpp), attributed to the declivous and slippery concrete floor were investigated. The herdsman requested advice in order to improve the mean days open of the herd, but no investments were allowed because a new unit was about to be built. Due to the low oestrus detection rate of the herd, the breeding policy was to inseminate at the first detected post‐partum oestrus. Cows were examined at 20–30 dpp to assess uterine involution, ovarian activity and prevalence of reproductive disorders and, at 60 dpp if no previous oestrus was detected. Each examination included palpation per rectum, ultrasound scanning and collection of a blood sample for plasma progesterone (P4) measurement. Cows with unobserved oestrus till 60 dpp were allocated either to a treatment group (n=139) or to a control group (n=139). Three treatments were used: (a) injection of PGF_2α (PG) upon detection of a corpus luteum (CL; n = 30), cows not observed in oestrus being re‐injected 11–12 days later. AI was at oestrus; (b) PRID (n=35) or Crestar (n=74) devices kept in situ for 12 and 9 days, respectively, were associated to an injection of PG and of equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) at device removal. Cows were double‐fixed time‐inseminated at 48 and 72 h after device removal. All treated cows were examined at 48–72 h after treatment to confirm oestrus. The percentage of cows detected in oestrus up to 60 dpp remained unchanged through the trial (35 and 47% for years before intervention: 1994–95; 51 and 48% for years of intervention: 1996–97). In contrast, the oestrous detection rate was high both in treated (93%) and control (100%) cows. This possibly resulted from an improvement in the oestrous detection efficiency of the herd's personnel and from examination of cows at 48–72 h after treatment. Treated and control cows had identical conception rate (CR; 36 and 37%, respectively) and reproductive performance. However, the mean days open of the herd in 1996 was significantly improved in comparison with previous years (mean ± SEM: 134 ± 6, 126 ± 5, 110 ± 4 and 114 ± 5 days, for years 1994, 1995, 1996 and 1997, respectively, p < 0.05, ANOVA ). Conception rate to AI up to 40 dpp was significantly reduced, compared with the period between 60 and 100 dpp but, mean days open were significantly improved in cows inseminated up to 60 dpp, compared with thereafter (p < 0.05).  相似文献   

红松不同嫁接方法成活率及生长势初探   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

宋德利  姬少玲  张立民 《吉林林业科技》2007,36(3):11-13

在同一生长季节对红松进行了髓心形成层贴接法和劈接法嫁接对比试验。结果表明:采取髓心形成层贴接法嫁接平均成活率为62%,劈接法为88%。髓心形成层贴接法嫁接成活后接穗平均生长量为5.9 cm,劈接法为11.8 cm,较髓心形成层贴接法提高了100%。经方差分析,两种方法嫁接成活率及成活后接穗平均生长量差异均极显著,说明红松采取劈接法嫁接优于髓心形成层贴接法。  相似文献   

Tamarack and Black Spruce Growth on a Boreal Fen in Central Alberta 9 Years after Drainage     

Graham R. Hillman  Jessica J. Roberts 《New Forests》2006,31(2):225-243

Tree growth was measured before, and 9 years after draining a boreal fen that supported a 50- to 60-year-old stand of tamarack (Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch) and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.). Treatments consisted of a series of ditches spaced 30, 40 or 50 m apart, and an undrained control. Nine years after drainage, the diameter, height, basal area, and volume growth of tamarack had increased by 2–5 times that on the control site. Black spruce growth on the drained site was 1.6–5 times that on the control. Tamarack average volume growth (1.20 m³ ha⁻¹ year⁻¹) on the drained site was superior to that of black spruce (0.21 m³ ha⁻¹ year⁻¹). In general for both species, there were no significant differences in growth between trees on the different ditch spacings. This result was attributed to the water table being low enough that adequate aeration zones existed across the strips between ditches on all spacings. Regeneration after treatment was greater on the drained than on the control plots, particularly in the disturbed areas near the ditches where new tamarack seedlings reached densities between 9400 and 12,000 stems ha⁻¹. There was no relationship between increased tree growth and tree distance from the ditches for both species, probably because the water table had been lowered sufficiently so that inadequate substrate aeration was no longer a limiting factor.  相似文献