Novel genotypes of the subtropical grass Eragrostis curvula for the study of apomixis (diplospory)     

S. Cardone  P. Polci  JP. Selva  M. Mecchia  S. Pessino  P. Hermann  V. Cambi  P. Voigt  G. Spangenberg  V. Echenique 《Euphytica》2006,151(2):263-272

The aim of this work was to obtain a series of genetically related lines of Eragrostis curvula with different ploidy levels and reproductive modes, which can be used for the discovery of genes associated to diplospory. E. curvula is a widely cultivated forage grass native to Southern Africa that reproduces naturally by obligate diplosporous apomixis (asexual reproduction by seeds) of the Antennaria type. In vitro culture of immature inflorescences of the apomictic cultivar Tanganyika led to the regeneration of a diploid plant with a particular morphology (plant UNST1122). Embryo sac analysis and progeny tests determined that plant UNST1122 reproduces by sexuality. UNST1122 was cloned by dividing its tillers and a R ₁ generation was obtained from seeds after open pollination among the diploid clones. A set of 500 seeds from a diploid R ₁ plant was treated with colchicine and two plants showing a duplicated chromosome number (2n = 4x = 40) were obtained (plants UNST1112 and UNST1131). Progeny tests using RAPDs indicated that these plants reproduce also by sexuality. The availability of sexual tetraploid genotypes of E. curvula will allow the production of hybrids with new interesting combinations of agronomic traits and the developing of mapping populations segregating for diplospory. Besides, these genetically related plants with different reproduction modes constitutes an excellent model for the identification of gen(es) involved in diplosporous apomixis by mRNA profiling as well as to study the genomic rearrangements and gene expression alterations associated to changes at ploidy levels.  相似文献   

The Importance of Having Zinc During In Vitro Maturation of Cattle Cumulus–Oocyte Complex: Role of Cumulus Cells     

JM Anchordoquy  JP Anchordoquy  MA Sirini  SJ Picco  P Peral‐García  CC Furnus 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2014,49(5):865-874

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of zinc (Zn) on the health of cumulus–oocyte complex (COC) during in vitro maturation (IVM). Experiments were designed to evaluate the effect of Zn added to IVM medium on: DNA integrity, apoptosis, cumulus expansion and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of cumulus cells (CC). Also, role of CC on Zn transport during IVM was evaluated on oocyte developmental capacity. DNA damage and early apoptosis were higher in CC matured with 0 μg/ml Zn compared with 0.7, 1.1 and 1.5 μg/ml Zn (p < 0.05). Cumulus expansion did not show differences in COC matured with or without Zn supplementation (p > 0.05). Superoxide dismutase activity was higher in COC matured with 1.5 μg/ml Zn than with 0 μg/ml Zn (p < 0.05). Cleavage and blastocyst rates were recorded after IVM in three maturation systems: intact COCs, denuded oocytes with cumulus cells monolayer (DO + CC) and denuded oocytes (DO). Cleavage rates were similar when COC, DO + CC or DO were matured with 1.5 μg/ml Zn compared with control group (p > 0.05). Blastocyst rates were significantly higher in COC than in DO + CC and DO with the addition of 1.5 μg/ml Zn during IVM (p < 0.01). Blastocyst quality was enhanced in COC and DO + CC compared with DO when Zn was added to IVM medium (p < 0.001). The results of this study indicate that Zn supplementation to IVM medium (i) decreased DNA damage and apoptosis in CC; (ii) increased SOD activity in CC; (iii) did not modify cumulus expansion and cleavage rates after in vitro fertilization; (iv) improved subsequent embryo development up to blastocyst stage; and (v) enhanced blastocyst quality when CC were present either in intact COC or in coculture during IVM.  相似文献   

Behavioural and EEG changes in sheep in response to painful acute electrical stimuli     

RM ONG  JP MORRIS  JK O'DWYER  JL BARNETT  PH HEMSWORTH  IJ CLARKE 《Australian veterinary journal》1997,75(3):189-193

Objective To measure acute pain in sheep, based on a human pain model, and examined changes in both electroencephalogram frequency spectrum and behavioural responses to increased electrical stimulation in sheep. Design Analysis of variance (treatment and animal effects) for stimulus intensity where each animal received each electric shock treatment given in the order 0, 5,10 and 20 mA. Procedure Eight sheep with electrodes implanted over the surface of the brain were examined for escape-avoidance and electroencephalogram responses to four levels of electrical stimulation from 0–20 mA. Results With increasing stimulus intensity at the time of feeding, the sheep were more hesitant to return to the feeder or remain near the feeder following stimulation. There was little difference between the 0 and 5 mA stimuli for any of the behaviour variables (P > 0.05). However, there were marked increases in the time taken to re-approach the feeder after receiving an electric shock of 5 mA and of 20 mA (P < 0.05; mean values 3 and 119 s, respectively) and remaining near the feeder for 5 s (P < 0.001; mean values 10 and 167 s, respectively). Following the stimulus, there was an overall increase in the electroencephalogram power spectrum in the first four seconds, which then rapidly returned to normal. In particular, the 20 mA stimulus resulted in higher absolute power values than in the control (0 mA) treatment for delta 2 (P < 0.001), theta 1 (P < 0.05), theta 2 (P < 0.05), alpha 1 (P < 0.001), alpha 2 (P < 0.001) and beta 1 (P < 0.01) band-widths. Similarly, for the 10 mA stimulus, the absolute power values were greater than the control treatment for delta 2 (P < 0.05), alpha 1 (P < 0.01), alpha 2 (P < 0.001) and beta 1 (P < 0.01) bandwidths. Conclusion The experiment suggests that a human acute pain model is applicable to sheep and that these electroencephalogram changes may provide a good measure of acute pain in sheep.  相似文献   

Effect of adjuvants on antibody responses of sheep immunised with recombinant pili from Dichelobacter nodosus     

AK WALDUCK  JP OPDEBEECK 《Australian veterinary journal》1996,74(6):451-455

Objective To compare the effects of two oil emulsion adjuvants (incomplete Freunds adjuvant and a proprietary oil adjuvant), DEAE-dextran, L-tyrosine particles and Quil A on the humoral immune responses of sheep immunised with recombinant pili of Dichelobacter nodosus (strain A).
Procedure Antibody titres were studied for up to 32 weeks and were measured by bacterial agglutination and ELISA. The relative avidity of antibodies for pili was determined and the incidence and severity of adverse reactions at the site of injection of vaccines were recorded.
Results The oil emulsion adjuvants and Quil A were more effective than either DEAE-dextran or L-tyrosine at stimulating antibodies in sheep. The incidence and severity of adverse reactions was lower in sheep which received vaccines containing either Quil A or DEAE-dextran than in sheep which received vaccines containing oil emulsion adjuvants. L-tyrosine had no adverse effects.
Conclusion Quil A was as effective as oil adjuvants at stimulating high levels of antibodies against recombinant pili in sheep and had the significant advantage of being less irritant after subcutaneous injection.  相似文献   

The isolation and identification of Edwardsiella tarda from a diseased native Australian eel (Anguilla reinhardtii)     

LE EAVES  PJ KETTERER  IG ANDERSON  JP BEUMER † 《Australian veterinary journal》1990,67(9):336-337

  相似文献   

Efficacy of closantel against infestations of screw-worm fly Chrysomya bezziana     

JP SPRADBERY  IL OWEN 《Australian veterinary journal》1990,67(9):340-340

  相似文献   

A simple method of rearing fleas for a provocative hypersensitivity test in dogs and cats     

SE LEE  IP JOHNSTONE  JP OPDEBEECK 《Australian veterinary journal》1995,72(10):390-392

  相似文献   

Occurrence of the Old World screw-worm fly Chrysomya bezziana on livestock vessels and commercial aircraft     

N. RAJAPAKSA  JP SPRADBERY 《Australian veterinary journal》1989,66(3):94-96

  相似文献   

Effects of tramadol,morphine or their combination in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy on peri-operative electroencephalographic responses and post-operative pain     

K Kongara  JP Chambers  CB Johnson 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(2):129-135

Abstract

AIM: To compare the peri-operative electroencephalogram (EEG) responses and post-operative analgesic efficacy of pre-operative morphine or tramadol with a combination of low-dose pre-operative morphine and post-operative tramadol, in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy.

METHODS: Dogs undergoing routine ovariohysterectomy were treated with either pre-operative morphine (0.5 mg/kg S/C, n=8), or tramadol (3 mg/kg S/C, n=8), or pre-operative low-dose morphine (0.1 mg/kg S/C) and post-operative tramadol (3 mg/kg I/V, n=8). All dogs received routine pre-anaesthetic medication, and anaesthesia was induced with I/V thiopentone to effect and maintained with halothane in oxygen. Respiratory rate, heart rate, end-tidal halothane tension (EtHal) and end-tidal CO₂ tension (EtCO₂) were monitored throughout surgery. The EEG was recorded continuously in a three electrode montage. Median frequency (F50), total power (Ptot) and 95% spectral edge frequency (F95) of the EEG power spectra were compared during different 100-second periods of surgery: prior to and during skin incision, ligation of each ovarian pedicle, ligation of uterine body and skin closure. Post-operatively, pain was assessed using the short form of the Glasgow composite measure pain scale (CMPS-SF).

RESULTS: There was no difference in F50 or Ptot of the EEG between baseline and noxious surgical events within each treatment group, or between the three groups (p>0.05). The mean F95 was higher during the first three periods of surgery for dogs administered tramadol and low-dose morphine than those that received 0.5 mg/kg morphine (p=0.001). Dogs that received low-dose morphine and tramadol had lower CMPS-SF pain scores after ovariohysterectomy than those that received either tramadol or morphine alone (p=0.001). There was no difference in pain scores between dogs in the latter two groups.

CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Tramadol and morphine administered pre-operatively provided an equal degree of post-operative analgesia in dogs after ovariohysterectomy. A combination of pre-operative low-dose morphine and post-operative tramadol produced better post-operative analgesia than either drug administered alone pre-operatively. Administration of analgesics pre- and post-operatively could result in improved post-operative well-being of ovariohysterectomised dogs.  相似文献   

Prognostic Value of Various Spermatological Attributes as Predictors of Zona Binding and Zona Penetration of Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Semen     

S Selvaraju  J Ghosh  JP Ravindra 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2009,44(1):6-11

Twenty‐four ejaculates from six (four ejaculates each) Surti buffalo bulls aged 4–8 years were used to assess various attributes of spermatozoa influencing the zona‐binding and zona‐penetration tests. Ejaculates from each bulls were subjected to in vitro sperm‐‐zona binding and sperm‐‐zona penetration tests (four replicates per bull) using immature buffalo oocytes. The average number of spermatozoa bound per oocyte was 27.79 ± 5.90. The average number of spermatozoa penetrated per oocyte was 3.35 ± 0.64. The average number of zona‐bound and ‐penetrated spermatozoa differed significantly between animals. Significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed between the plasmalemma integrity as assessed by eosin‐‐nigrosin stain and hypo‐osmotic swelling (HOS) test. Furthermore, the percentage of cells positive for the HOS test, i.e. functional membrane integrity (51.25 ± 2.32) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than hypo‐osmotic swelling‐Giemsa (HOS‐G) test, i.e. the subpopulation of spermatozoa positive for functional membrane and acrosomal integrities (42.87 ± 4.56). The HOS test had significant correlations with plasmalemma integrity as measured by the vital stain, eosin‐‐nigrosin (r = 0.85, p < 0.05). The HOS‐G test also had significant correlation with plasmalemma integrity measured by vital stains such as eosin‐‐nigrosin (r = 0.90, p < 0.05) and fluorogenic stains [carboxyfluorescein diacetate (CFDA) and propidium iodide (PI); r = 0.92, p < 0.01] and HOS test (r = 0.93), acrosomal integrity (r = 0.86, p < 0.05) and mitochondrial membrane potential (r = 0.99, p < 0.01). The plasmalemma integrity (fluorogenic stain), functional membrane integrity (HOS test), subpopulation of spermatozoa positive for functional membrane and acrosomal integrities (HOS‐G test) and mitochondrial membrane potential had significant (p < 0.05) correlation with sperm zona binding and penetration. The present study indicates that these parameters could represent important determinants of sperm quality influencing zona binding and penetration.  相似文献