Pericarp Fiber Separation from Corn Flour Using Sieving and Air Classification     

Radhakrishnan Srinivasan  Vijay Singh 《Cereal Chemistry》2008,85(1):27-30

In the dry‐grind process, starch in ground corn (flour) is converted to ethanol, and the remaining corn components (protein, fat, fiber, and ash) form a coproduct called distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS). Fiber separation from corn flour would produce fiber as an additional coproduct that could be used as combustion fuel, cattle feed, and as feedstock for producing valuable products such as “cellulosic” ethanol, corn fiber gum, oligosaccharides, phytosterols, and polyols. Fiber is not fermented in the dry‐grind corn process. Its separation before fermentation would increase ethanol productivity in the fermenter. Recently, we showed that the elusieve process, a combination of sieving and elutriation (air flow), was effective in fiber separation from DDGS. In this study, we evaluated the elusieve process for separating pericarp fiber from corn flour. Corn flour remaining after fiber separation was termed “enhanced corn flour”. Of the total weight of corn flour, 3.8% was obtained as fiber and 96.2% was obtained as enhanced corn flour. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of corn flour, fiber, and enhanced corn flour (dry basis) were 9.0, 61.5, and 5.7%, respectively. Starch content of corn flour, fiber, and enhanced corn flour (dry basis) were 68.8, 23.5, and 71.3%, respectively. Final ethanol concentration from enhanced corn flour (14.12% v/v) was marginally higher than corn flour (13.72% v/v). No difference in ethanol yields from corn flour and enhanced corn flour was observed. The combination of sieving and air classification can be used to separate pericarp fiber from corn flour. The economics of fiber separation from corn flour using the elusieve process would be governed by the production of valuable products from fiber and the revenues generated from the valuable products.  相似文献   

Hairy nightshade as a potential Potato leafroll virus (Luteoviridae: Polerovirus) inoculum source in Pacific Northwest potato ecosystems     

Srinivasan R  Alvarez JM 《Phytopathology》2008,98(9):985-991

Hairy nightshade, Solanum sarrachoides, is a solanaceous weed found abundantly in Pacific Northwest potato ecosystems. It serves as a reservoir for one of the important potato viruses, Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) (Luteoviridae: Polerovirus), and its most important vector, the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Homoptera: Aphididae). Laboratory research indicated an increased green peach aphid settling and performance on S. sarrachoides than on potato. It also revealed that green peach aphids transmitted PLRV more efficiently from S. sarrachoides to potato than from potato to potato. To test the efficiency of S. sarrachoides as an inoculum source in the field, a two season (2004 and 2005) trial was conducted at Kimberly, Idaho. Two inoculum sources, PLRV-infected potato and PLRV-infected S. sarrachoides, were compared in this trial. Green peach aphid density and temporal and spatial PLRV spread were monitored at weekly intervals. Higher densities of green peach aphids were observed on plots with S. sarrachoides and inoculum sources (PLRV-infected S. sarrachoides and potato) than on plots without S. sarrachoides and inoculum sources. PLRV infection in plots with PLRV-infected S. sarrachoides was similar to or slightly higher than in plots with PLRV-infected potato as an inoculum source. Temporal and spatial PLRV spread was similar in plots with either inoculum source. Thus, S. sarrachoides is as efficient as or a better PLRV inoculum source than potato.  相似文献   

Prevalence of brucellosis and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in organized dairy farms in India     

Bhavesh Trangadia  Samir Kumar Rana  Falguni Mukherjee  Villuppanoor Alwar Srinivasan 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(2):203-207

This study was carried out to investigate the prevalence of bovine brucellosis and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) in organized dairy farms with history of abortion in India. ELISA and Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) were used to detect the seropositive animals and the test results indicated that 22.18% and 13.78% animals were declared as sero-positive by ELISA and RBPT, respectively. Milk Ring Test (MRT) was carried out only in one farm and 12.82% of the tested animals were turned positive. Culture examination analysis of milk samples, two animals revealed the presence of organisms indistinguishable from Brucella spp. The organism was confirmed as brucella by morphological characteristics and biochemical tests. An overall sero-prevalence of antibodies against IBR was found to be 60.84%. None of the genital and nasal swab samples was found to be positive for presence of bovine herpesvirus -1 (BHV-1) on repeated passage in Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney (MDBK) cell lines. Brucella and IBR considered as the causal agent for abortions in these farms. The present study indicates the urgent need and the necessity for control of these infectious diseases which cause heavy economic losses to the organized farms.  相似文献   

Seasonality of Eurytoma sp.—a parasitoid on okra petiole maggot,Melanagromyza hibisci Spencer     

N. K. Krishnakumar  K. Srinivasan 《国际虫害防治杂志》2013,59(3):331-332

Abstract

Studies on the seasonal abundance of Eurytoma sp. a parasitoid on okra petiole maggot, Melanagromyza hibisci Spencer were conducted for one year. Per cent parasitism ranged from 10 to 68 during the study period. However, there was no significant relationship between percentage parasitism on host density. Data further revealed that parasitoid response to host density was weak.  相似文献   

Straightforward process for removal of milk fat globule membranes and production of fat-free whey protein concentrate from cheese whey     

Damodaran S 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(18):10271-10276

A straightforward method for the separation of milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) and production of fat-free whey protein concentrate/isolate from cheese whey has been developed. Lowering of the conductivity of the whey from its initial value of about 5600 μS cm(-1) to about 2000-500 μS cm(-1) via diafiltration with water caused selective precipitation of MFGM when incubated for 30 min at pH 4.2 and 35 °C. The whey proteins remained soluble in the supernatant under these conditions. Experimental evidence suggested that precipitation of MFGM at pH 4.2 was not due to a nonspecific effect of lowering of the conductivity of the whey but due to the specific effect of removal of Ca2+ from the whey. The lipid content of whey protein isolate obtained by this process was <0.2%, and the protein loss was <14%. The method provides an industrially feasible process for the production of fat-free whey protein concentrate/isolate. The MFGM, which is reported to contain bioactive/nutraceutical lipids and proteins, is a valuable byproduct of the process.  相似文献   

Pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of tiamulin in broiler chicken as influenced by different routes of administration     

Prabhakaran Vinothini  Srinivasan Ramesh  Venugopalan Sooraj Nair  Srinivasan Palaninathan Preetha  Padmanabhan Sriram 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2019,42(4):447-451

The bioavailability and pharmacokinetic disposition of tiamulin in broiler chicken were investigated after administration through the crop, drinking water, and feed at 40 mg/kg body weight. Residues of tiamulin in tissues of broiler chicken were also assessed. Plasma and tissue concentrations of tiamulin were analyzed by reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Plasma concentration–time data were described by the non‐compartmental model for all three routes, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in pharmacokinetic parameters and mean plasma concentrations of tiamulin between three routes tested (crop, water, and feed), indicating equal efficacy. Tiamulin residues in edible tissues (muscles, skin, and fat) were lower than the advocated maximum residue limit (MRL of 0.1 µg/g and that of liver was 1 µg/g) on the 3rd day. No traces were found on the 5th day after drug administration. This indicated that the withdrawal period (less than 5 days) is very short, which makes it safer. This study shows that tiamulin can be used with equal efficacy through all routes of administration in broiler chicken (crop, water, and feed).  相似文献   

Differences in miRNA differential expression in whole blood between horses with sarcoid regression and progression     

Lucia Unger  Vidhya Jagannathan  Alicja Pacholewska  Tosso Leeb  Vinzenz Gerber 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2019,33(1):241-250

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Genetic variant in the NSDHL gene in a cat with multiple congenital lesions resembling inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevi     

Michela De Lucia  Anina Bauer  Melina Spycher  Vidhya Jagannathan  Erica Romano  Monika Welle  Tosso Leeb 《Veterinary dermatology》2019,30(1):64-e18

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Emergence of antigenic variants with in serotype A foot and mouth disease virus in India and evaluation of a new vaccine candidate panel     

Rudreshappa AG  Sanyal A  Mohapatra JK  Subramaniam S  De A  Das B  Singanallur NB  Jangam AK  Muthukrishnan M  Villuppanoor SA  Pattnaik B 《Veterinary microbiology》2012,158(3-4):405-409

Emergence of genetically and antigenically divergent lineages/genotypes and poor intergenotypic antigenic coverage is a major concern in serotype A foot-and-mouth-disease virus (FMDV) in India. In 2009, to cover antigenic diversity emerged in serotype A virus field isolates, IND40/2000 was selected as the new vaccine strain for incorporation in the trivalent FMD vaccine formulation used in India. Although current vaccine strain (IND40/2000) covers most isolates antigenically, a few VP3(59)-deletion group isolates showed low r-value in routine vaccine matching exercise. The VP3(59)-deletion group within genotype 18 emerged first in late part of 2002 and in 2007 causing outbreaks along with non-deletion isolates of the same genotype. In case of emergence or re-emergence of more antigenically divergent isolates in future, a need for a new vaccine candidate to cover maximum isolates of both deletion and non-deletion group may arise. Four alternate candidate vaccine strains (IND281/2003, IND195/2007, IND360/2007 and IND123/2008) were selected based on set criteria and antigenic relationships with field isolates sampled between 2002 and 2009 were analyzed using a micro-neutralization test. Phylogenetic analysis based on capsid region of serotype A isolates revealed existence of two broad distinct clusters (VP3(59)-deletion and non-deletion group) within genotype 18. The VP3(59)-deletion group has diversified genetically with time giving rise to three different sub-lineages (clade18a, 18b and 18c). The present study indicates that the virus candidates IND281/2003 (VP3(59)-deletion group) and IND195/2007 (non-deletion group) can be used as an adjunct or alternative strain to currently used vaccine strain IND40/2000 in case of emergence of more antigenically divergent isolates in future.  相似文献   

Integrated breeding approaches for improving drought and heat adaptation in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)     

Pooran M. Gaur  Srinivasan Samineni  Mahendar Thudi  Shailesh Tripathi  Sobhan B. Sajja  Veera Jayalakshmi  Durdundappa M. Mannur  Adiveppa G. Vijayakumar  Nadigatla V. P. R. Ganga Rao  Chris Ojiewo  Asnake Fikre  Paul Kimurto  Robert O. Kileo  Nigusie Girma  Sushil K. Chaturvedi  Rajeev K. Varshney  Girish P. Dixit 《Plant Breeding》2019,138(4):389-400

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a dry season food legume largely grown on residual soil moisture after the rainy season. The crop often experiences moisture stress towards end of the crop season (terminal drought). The crop may also face heat stress at the reproductive stage if sowing is delayed. The breeding approaches for improving adaptation to these stresses include the development of varieties with early maturity and enhanced abiotic stress tolerance. Several varieties with improved drought tolerance have been developed by selecting for grain yield under moisture stress conditions. Similarly, selection for pod set in the crop subjected to heat stress during reproductive stage has helped in the development of heat‐tolerant varieties. A genomic region, called QTL‐hotspot, controlling several drought tolerance‐related traits has been introgressed into several popular cultivars using marker‐assisted backcrossing (MABC), and introgression lines giving significantly higher yield than the popular cultivars have been identified. Multiparent advanced generation intercross (MAGIC) approach has been found promising in enhancing genetic recombination and developing lines with enhanced tolerance to terminal drought and heat stresses.  相似文献