Production of Eruca-Brassica Hybrids by Embryo Rescue   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Abha  Agnihotri  Vibha  Gupta  Malathi S.  Lakshmikumaran  K. R. Shivanna    Shyam  Prakash V. Jagannathan 《Plant Breeding》1990,104(4):281-289

Allied species of crop Brassicas have potential value as donors of useful nuclear/organelle genomes. Eruca sativa, a member of subtribe Brassicineae, is resistant to white rust and well adapted to drought. Attempts to hybridize it with Brassica campestris by conventional methods were unsuccessful. However, hybrids were obtained by embryo rescue and the hybrid embryos were found to produce numerous secondary embryos in upto 7 to 8 subcultures. Plantlets developed from them exhibited morphological characteristics of both parents. The chromosome number of 2n = 42 showed that they were amphidiploids. The plants were allotctraploids (2n = 42) and showed 21 bivalents at M₁ of meiosis. Hybridization of total DNA of the hybrids with two probes, a B. campestris tandem repeat DNA and 18s ribosomal DNA of wheat showed that it was derived from the genome of both parents. The hybrids are self-fertile and show the same high fertility even in A³ generation. They were selfed or crossed with B. juncea, B. campestris and B. nigra to screen for useful agronomical traits. Six more embryos of E. saliva × B. campestris have been obtained and their growth is being studied. Preliminary small scale field trials indicate that the selfed hybrid is comparable in yield with a high yielding commercial variety of B. juncea.  相似文献   

Heat tolerance in food legumes as evaluated by cell membrane thermostability and chlorophyll fluorescence techniques   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Ancha Srinivasan  Hiroyuki Takeda  Toshihiro Senboku 《Euphytica》1996,88(1):35-45

Summary The genotypic variation for heat tolerance in chickpea, groundnut, pigeonpea, and soya bean was evaluated by testing membrane stability and photosystem (PSII) function in leaves at high temperatures. The legumes could be ranked from heat-tolerant to sensitive in the order: groundnut, soya bean, pigeonpea and chickpea. The damage to cell membranes (as reflected by an increased leakage of electrolytes) and PS II (as reflected by a decrease in the ratio of variable to maximum fluorescence) was less, and recovery from heat stress was faster in groundnut than in other crops. Prior exposure of plants to 35°C for 24h led to a reduced leakage of electrolytes at high temperatures in all crops but the differences among legumes were consistent. Substantial genotypic variation for heat tolerance was found in all legumes. Membrane injury was negatively associated with specific leaf weight in groundnut (r=–0.69^**) and soya bean (r=–0.56^**) but not in the pulses. Electrolyte leakage and fluorescence ratio were negatively correlated in all legumes. The potential use of electrolyte leakage and fluorescence tests as screening procedures for breeding heat-tolerant legumes is discussed.Abbreviations RI relative injury - Fo initial fluorescence - Fm maximum fluorescence - Fv variable fluorescence - PS II photosystem II - PAR photosynthetically active radiation  相似文献   

Yield, Oil Content and Fatty Acid Composition Evaluated in Androgenetic Plants in Brassica juncea     

L. George    V. Abraham    D. R. Suryavanshi    A. T. Sipahimalani  V. T. Srinivasan 《Plant Breeding》1987,98(1):72-74

Homozygous diploids were obtained through anther culture in Indian mustard, Brassier juncea, cultivar TM-4, Seeds could be harvested from 97 such plants in the A; generation. The androgenetic lines were further selected and the yield and yield components were compared in the A₄ and A₅ generations, Androgenetic lines showed variations for most of the characters studied including seed oil content and fatty acid composition. However, it was possible to recover seven lines out of 25 which were equal in seed yield and three equal in oil content compared TO the anther donor parent TM-4.  相似文献   

Soil management options for Alfisols in the semi-arid tropics: annual and perennial crop production     

A. L. Cogle  K. P. C. Rao  D. F. Yule  P. J. George  S. T. Srinivasan  G. D. Smith  L. Jangawad 《Soil & Tillage Research》1997,44(3-4):235-253

A field experiment was conducted in the semi arid tropics to study the effects of soil structural modification on cropping systems. The aim was to improve crop production and land resource protection using innovative soil management practices. Tillage, mulch and perennial/annual rotational based systems were compared for 5 years in an Alfisol at ICRISAT in India. Crop yield parameters, including grain and biomass yield, leaf area index, crop cover, and plant height were measured. Results indicate significant benefits to annual crop yield (maize, sorghum) from improved water supply due to mulching with farmyard manure or and rice straw, and due to rotation with prior-perennial crops. Grain yields were 16 to 59% higher in mulched treatments compared to unmulched treatments, with similar increases for fodder yields. Annual crop yields after 4 years of perennials were 14 to 81% higher than unmulched treatments, except for low fertility maize grown after buffel grass. The interaction with chemical fertility was less clear than for water supply. The results have implications for soil management throughout the semi-arid tropics.  相似文献   

Antifungal activity of some essential oils     

Sridhar SR  Rajagopal RV  Rajavel R  Masilamani S  Narasimhan S 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(26):7596-7599

Thirteen essential oils recovered by steam distillation from Indian herbs were analyzed for their chemical compositions using GC and GCMS. The antifungal activity against plant and Food mold rot were examined in vitro using poison food technique. The essential oil from cymbopogan exhibited control over all the plant and food mold rot tested. The bioactive compound in the oil and its minimum inhibitory concentration were determined using TLC bioautography.  相似文献   

Diagnostic potential of three serum microRNAs as biomarkers for equine sarcoid disease in horses and donkeys     

Lucia Unger  Carlos Abril  Vinzenz Gerber  Vidhya Jagannathan  Christoph Koch  Eman Hamza 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2021,35(1):610-619

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Comparative transpiration of irrigated juvenile eucalypts in the Negev desert     

S. R. Herwitz  Y. Gutterman  R. Srinivasan 《Irrigation Science》1988,9(3):233-247

Summary The summer water use patterns of five species of Eucalyptus were examined in the Negev desert in Israel where they received trickle irrigation once every 10 days during the period July-August 1986. The species transpired between 8% and 16% of the irrigation input on I ₁ (where I _n is the number of days after irrigation), and between 54% to 64% at the end of the 10-day period. Evaporation from the soil surface was calculated to account for < 30% of the total evapotranspiration. Analysis of variance with repeated measurements indicated significant interspecific differences in the mean hourly transpiration rates through the 10-day period after irrigation. Eucalyptus grossa, E. salubris, E. torquata and E. woodwardii had a pattern of initially high transpiration rates ranging from 126 to 70 mg cm^–2 d^–1 on I ₁, and gradually decreasing rates that stabilized at near constant rates ranging from 38 to 17 mg cm^–2 d^–1 after I ₃. Intraspecihc analyses of variance indicated that the transpiration rates of these four species were significantly different on the successive days after irrigation, while the transpiration rates of E. socialis were much more constant ranging only from 53 to 23 mg cm^–2 d^–1 over the 10-day period. The rapid depletion of irrigation inputs by E. grossa, E. salubris, E. torquata and E. woodwardii may be explained as an adaptation to the summer climatic conditions in their respective provenances in southwestern Western Australia. Under natural conditions, high transpiration rates are a means of exposing competitors to more severe soil water deficits. E. socialis, whose seed provenance was in Central Australia where summer rainfall is greater, did not exhibit the same water-spending strategy. The persistence of water use patterns that correspond to the climatic conditions in the provenances of drought-adapted ucalypts is an important consideration when selecting suitable species for trickle-irrigated afforestation projects in dryland environments.  相似文献   

Plastic deformation recovery in freestanding nanocrystalline aluminum and gold thin films     

Rajagopalan J  Han JH  Saif MT 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,315(5820):1831-1834

In nanocrystalline metals, lack of intragranular dislocation sources leads to plastic deformation mechanisms that substantially differ from those in coarse-grained metals. However, irrespective of grain size, plastic deformation is considered irrecoverable. We show experimentally that plastically deformed nanocrystalline aluminum and gold films with grain sizes of 65 nanometers and 50 nanometers, respectively, recovered a substantial fraction (50 to 100%) of plastic strain after unloading. This recovery was time dependent and was expedited at higher temperatures. Furthermore, the stress-strain characteristics during the next loading remained almost unchanged when strain recovery was complete. These observations in two dissimilar face-centered cubic metals suggest that strain recovery might be characteristic of other metals with similar grain sizes and crystalline packing.  相似文献   

A major facilitator superfamily domain 8 frameshift variant in a cat with suspected neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis     

Julien Guevar  Petra Hug  Felix Giebels  Alexane Durand  Vidhya Jagannathan  Tosso Leeb 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2020,34(1):289-293

A 2-year-old male domestic shorthair cat was presented for a progressive history of abnormal posture, behavior, and mentation. Menace response was absent bilaterally, and generalized tremors were identified on neurological examination. A neuroanatomical diagnosis of diffuse brain dysfunction was made. A neurodegenerative disorder was suspected. Magnetic resonance imaging findings further supported the clinical suspicion. Whole-genome sequencing of the affected cat with filtering of variants against a database of unaffected cats was performed. Candidate variants were confirmed by Sanger sequencing followed by genotyping of a control population. Two homozygous private (unique to individual or families and therefore absent from the breed-matched controlled population) protein-changing variants in the major facilitator superfamily domain 8 (MFSD8) gene, a known candidate gene for neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis type 7 (CLN7), were identified. The affected cat was homozygous for the alternative allele at both variants. This is the first report of a pathogenic alteration of the MFSD8 gene in a cat strongly suspected to have CLN7.  相似文献   

Salivary luteinizing hormone: An open window to detect oestrous period in buffalo     

Mahalingam Srinivasan  Subramanian Muthukumar  Ganesan Saibaba  Chidambaram Manikkaraja  Mohammad Abdulkader Akbarsha  Govindaraju Archunan 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2020,55(5):647-651

Silent oestrus is an unsurmountable problem in the management of buffalo reproduction. In addressing this issue, we have earlier reported variation in the levels of urinary luteinizing hormone (LH) through the different phases of oestrous cycle with an extended window during the mid-oestrous phase. Based on this report, the present study is designed to assess the salivary LH levels in buffalo during the different phases of oestrous cycle. Bovine LH ELISA kit was used to determine the level of salivary LH. We observed a notable variation in salivary LH levels during the different phases of oestrous cycle. The maximum LH level, 39.07 mIU/ml, observed during oestrus, which was significantly (p < .05) higher than other consecutive phases. Altogether, the results showed a significant (p < .05) fold variation during oestrus compared with other phases. Therefore, the study convincingly shows that salivary LH has the potential of application in development of a modality for non-invasive oestrous detection in buffalo.  相似文献