慢性束缚与慢性不可预期温和应激抑郁模型小鼠的行为学比较及其发生机制研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

廖莎  周佳  平锋锋 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2012,40(11):29-34

【目的】通过比较慢性束缚应激(Chronic restraint stress,CRS)与慢性不可预期温和应激(Chronic unpredictable mild stress,CUMS)对C57BL/6小鼠行为学指标及大脑海马区相关功能的影响,探讨抑郁症的发生机制。【方法】分别建立CRS及CUMS小鼠模型,通过旷场试验、强迫游泳试验和悬尾试验测定小鼠的行为学指标;取小鼠脑组织,制备常规石蜡切片,运用苏木素-伊红(HE)与免疫组化染色考察小鼠大脑海马区组织形态及5-羟色胺1A受体(5-HT1AR)的表达情况,并运用荧光分光光度法测定小鼠海马组织单胺氧化酶活性的变化。【结果】与空白对照组相比,CRS组小鼠的水平穿格数、直立次数及体质量均显著减少,悬尾及强迫游泳试验累计不动时间百分比无明显变化(P>0.05);而CUMS组小鼠自发活动无明显改变(P>0.05),但悬尾及强迫游泳试验累计不动时间百分比极显著增加(P<0.01),体质量显著下降。脑组织形态学研究结果显示,CUMS组小鼠海马CA1、CA3区和齿状回均出现萎缩,而CRS组小鼠海马CA1区未受影响,CA3区和齿状回均发生萎缩。与对照组相比,CRS组与CUMS组小鼠大脑海马单胺氧化酶活性升高,5-HT1AR表达均减少,差异均分别达显著和极显著水平。【结论】CRS和CUMS均可不同程度地引起抑郁样症状,CRS对探索性行为的抑制较明显,CUMS则可引发典型的行为绝望状态;CRS与CUMS组小鼠的行为学差异可能与2组抑郁模型动物脑内海马区组织结构及功能变化的差异存在相关性。  相似文献   

小白菜地土壤剖面N_2O分布特征与土壤性质变化     

贾俊香  熊正琴  孙丽英 《山西农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2012,32(1):48-52

采用田间原位采集系统,于2010年7月25日～2010年9月11日对小白菜生长期间土壤剖面7cm,15cm,30cm与50cm N2O浓度进行田间原位监测。结果表明,土壤剖面间N2O浓度呈现较大的时空变异性。同一土层中,N2O浓度的变异性达到31%～135%。7cm与15cm,30cm与50cm土壤剖面间土层间N2O浓度呈显著的正相关。30cm与50cm土层的N2O浓度显著大于7cm与15cm土层的N2O浓度。小白菜地的30～50cm土层是N2O产生的主要位点。此外蔬菜地土壤剖面有明显的硝酸盐积累现象,同时表层土壤pH低于底层土壤。  相似文献   

纳米二氧化铈对斜生栅藻的毒性研究     

钟秋  何桢  戴安琪  张灿  杨雪  胡晓静  郭佳  熊丽  刘德立 《农业环境科学学报》2012,31(2):299-305

实验研究了纳米二氧化铈(CeO2)对斜生栅藻的毒性效应.结果显示,当纳米二氧化铈浓度为5、10 mg·L-1时,对斜生栅藻的生长有促进作用(P＜0.01),其促进作用随着浓度增大而减小;至浓度为50 mg· L-1时,开始变为抑制效应;当浓度达到100、200mg· L-1时,表现出显著的抑制作用(P＜0.01),且抑制作用随着浓度增大而增大.光镜拍照和藻细胞直径的变化表现出,随着处理浓度的增大,细胞有小型化的趋势.处理7d后,纳米二氧化铈对叶绿素和SOD含量的影响和对藻密度的影响一致,而对MDA含量的影响刚好相反,说明细胞膜发生了不同程度的脂质过氧化反应.  相似文献   

Population genomics of early events in the ecological differentiation of bacteria     

Shapiro BJ  Friedman J  Cordero OX  Preheim SP  Timberlake SC  Szabó G  Polz MF  Alm EJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,336(6077):48-51

Genetic exchange is common among bacteria, but its effect on population diversity during ecological differentiation remains controversial. A fundamental question is whether advantageous mutations lead to selection of clonal genomes or, as in sexual eukaryotes, sweep through populations on their own. Here, we show that in two recently diverged populations of ocean bacteria, ecological differentiation has occurred akin to a sexual mechanism: A few genome regions have swept through subpopulations in a habitat-specific manner, accompanied by gradual separation of gene pools as evidenced by increased habitat specificity of the most recent recombinations. These findings reconcile previous, seemingly contradictory empirical observations of the genetic structure of bacterial populations and point to a more unified process of differentiation in bacteria and sexual eukaryotes than previously thought.  相似文献   

邯郸市农业标准化建设现状与对策分析     

叶嘉  韩超  李志亮  赵昕 《湖北农业科学》2012,51(22):5220-5223

以河北省农业大市—邯郸市为考察对象,通过调查农业标准化的建设情况,分析其中存在的主要问题,并提出相应对策.  相似文献   

The structure-activity relationship in herbicidal monosubstituted sulfonylureas   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Li ZM  Ma Y  Guddat L  Cheng PQ  Wang JG  Pang SS  Dong YH  Lai CM  Wang LX  Jia GF  Li YH  Wang SH  Liu J  Zhao WG  Wang BL 《Pest management science》2012,68(4):618-628

BACKGROUND: The herbicide sulfonylurea (SU) belongs to one of the most important class of herbicides worldwide. It is well known for its ecofriendly, extreme low toxicity towards mammals and ultralow dosage application. The original inventor, G Levitt, set out structure–activity relationship (SAR) guidelines for SU structural design to attain superhigh bioactivity. A new approach to SU molecular design has been developed. RESULTS: After the analysis of scores of SU products by X‐ray diffraction methodology and after greenhouse herbicidal screening of 900 novel SU structures synthesised in the authors' laboratory, it was found that several SU structures containing a monosubstituted pyrimidine moiety retain excellent herbicidal characteristics, which has led to partial revision of the Levitt guidelines. CONCLUSIONS: Among the novel SU molecules, monosulfuron and monosulfuron‐ester have been developed into two new herbicides that have been officially approved for field application and applied in millet and wheat fields in China. A systematic structural study of the new substrate–target complex and the relative mode of action in comparison with conventional SU has been carried out. A new mode of action has been postulated. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Molecular mimicry regulates ABA signaling by SnRK2 kinases and PP2C phosphatases   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Soon FF  Ng LM  Zhou XE  West GM  Kovach A  Tan MH  Suino-Powell KM  He Y  Xu Y  Chalmers MJ  Brunzelle JS  Zhang H  Yang H  Jiang H  Li J  Yong EL  Cutler S  Zhu JK  Griffin PR  Melcher K  Xu HE 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,335(6064):85-88

Abscisic acid (ABA) is an essential hormone for plants to survive environmental stresses. At the center of the ABA signaling network is a subfamily of type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs), which form exclusive interactions with ABA receptors and subfamily 2 Snfl-related kinase (SnRK2s). Here, we report a SnRK2-PP2C complex structure, which reveals marked similarity in PP2C recognition by SnRK2 and ABA receptors. In the complex, the kinase activation loop docks into the active site of PP2C, while the conserved ABA-sensing tryptophan of PP2C inserts into the kinase catalytic cleft, thus mimicking receptor-PP2C interactions. These structural results provide a simple mechanism that directly couples ABA binding to SnRK2 kinase activation and highlight a new paradigm of kinase-phosphatase regulation through mutual packing of their catalytic sites.  相似文献   

The fern sporangium: a unique catapult     

Noblin X  Rojas NO  Westbrook J  Llorens C  Argentina M  Dumais J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,335(6074):1322

Various plants and fungi have evolved ingenious devices to disperse their spores. One such mechanism is the cavitation-triggered catapult of fern sporangia. The spherical sporangia enclosing the spores are equipped with a row of 12 to 13 specialized cells, the annulus. When dehydrating, these cells induce a dramatic change of curvature in the sporangium, which is released abruptly after the cavitation of the annulus cells. The entire ejection process is reminiscent of human-made catapults with one notable exception: The sporangia lack the crossbar that arrests the catapult arm in its returning motion. We show that much of the sophistication and efficiency of the ejection mechanism lies in the two very different time scales associated with the annulus closure.  相似文献   

武安国家森林公园外来入侵植物调查     

张浩  叶嘉  杨东  霍扬扬 《湖北农业科学》2012,(3):513-514,517

经调查及整理分析文献资料,初步认定武安国家森林公园外来入侵植物的种类有14种,分属于9科13属,禾本科种类最多,有4种,其中欧洲入侵植物占主要份额。并对入侵植物的原产地、入侵途径、危害及防治对策进行了讨论。  相似文献   

影响平阳地区蒸发量的主要气象因素分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

方晓明  梁艳  刘峰  吕江山  周佳  程瀛 《现代农业科技》2012,(4):11-13

选取浙江省平阳县气象观测站2010年全年气象观测资料,采用通径分析方法和多元线性回归理论,对平阳县气象站20 cm小型蒸发皿蒸发量及其相关气象影响因子进行分析。结果表明:日蒸发量与日均气温、日均风速和日照时数呈正相关,与日均相对湿度呈负相关。影响日蒸发量的因子中,日照时数无论其单独作用或与除日均风速外的其他气象因子的协同作用都较大;日均气温85%以上主要表现在直接作用上;日均相对湿度与日照时数的协同作用最大;日均风速影响小主要体现在与其他要素的协同作用上。根据影响蒸发量的主要因素,建立相应的多元回归模型,并检验有一定的可靠性。  相似文献