Antioxidant Compounds Recovery from Juçara Residue by Thermal Assisted Extraction     

Leilson O. Ribeiro  Ricardo N. C. Pereira  Renata V. Tonon  Lourdes Maria C. Cabral  Manuela Cristina P. A. Santiago  António A. Vicente  José António C. Teixeira  Virgínia M. Matta  Suely P. Freitas 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2018,73(1):68-73

This study aimed to recover bioactive compounds by solid-liquid extraction from the agro-industrial residue obtained during juçara fruits processing into pulp. A preliminary study using different solvents (methanol, ethanol and water) indicated ethanol in aqueous solution as the best solvent for antioxidants recovery. Then, a Box-Behnken design was applied considering as independent variables the solvent composition (30–70% ethanol in water), temperature (30–70 °C) and time (30–60 min), in order to evaluate the effects of these factors on antioxidant activity in juçara extract. Results showed that the extracts with higher antioxidant activity were obtained using 30% ethanol at 70 °C for 60 min; measurements included ABTS and DPPH assays, determination of total phenolic content and total monomeric anthocyanins. Furthermore, the effect of pH in antioxidants recovery was evaluated. For this purpose, the 30% ethanol solution was acidified to pH 1 and 2 with HCl. Principal component analysis showed the formation of three distinct groups: one characterized by high bioactive compounds content (pH 1.0), another with superior antioxidant activity (pH 5.75, non-acidified), and finally the group at pH 2 presenting the worst concentrations in the evaluated responses. HPLC analysis showed the presence of cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside in the extracts. Therefore, the conventional solid-liquid extraction using renewable solvent can be successfully applied to recover bioactive compounds from juçara residue, which can be used by different food industries.  相似文献   

Chia Oil Extraction Coproduct as a Potential New Ingredient for the Food Industry: Chemical,Physicochemical, Techno-Functional and Antioxidant Properties     

Juana Fernández-López  Raquel Lucas-González  Manuel Viuda-Martos  Estrella Sayas-Barberá  José Angel Pérez-Alvarez 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2018,73(2):130-136

The aim of this work was to characterize the coproduct obtained from chia oil production (cold-pressing) with a view to its possible application in new food product development. For this characterization, the following determinations were made: proximate composition, physicochemical analysis, techno-functional properties, total phenolic and flavonoid content, polyphenolic profile and antioxidant capacity (using four different methods). Chia coproduct showed significantly higher levels of proteins and total dietary fiber and lower levels of fats than chia seeds, pointing to the promising nature of this coproduct as an ingredient of food formulations since it remains a source of high biological value proteins and total dietary fiber (as chia seeds themselves) but with a lower energy value. This chia coproduct presents similar techno-functional properties to the original chia seeds and significantly higher levels of polyphenolic compounds and, consequently, higher antioxidant activity.  相似文献   

Silicon suppresses tan spot development on wheat infected by <Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">Pyrenophora tritici-repentis</Emphasis>     

Paulo Cesar Pazdiora  Keilor da Rosa Dorneles  Carlos Alberto Forcelini  Emerson Medeiros Del Ponte  Leandro José Dallagnol 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2018,150(1):49-56

Tan spot caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis is the main foliar diseases of wheat in Brazil. The effect of silicon (Si) on the components of resistance of a susceptible (Fundacep Horizonte) and a moderately resistant (Quartzo) wheat cultivar was studied in a controlled environment. Silicon was supplied as calcium silicate in the soil 30 days before sowing. At the booting stage, a conidial suspension of the fungus was sprayed onto the flag leaves of potted plants, which were incubated under moist conditions for 48 h. Afterwards, inoculated leaves were assessed for: incubation period (IP), infection efficiency (IE), area under lesion size curve (AULSC), lesion size (LS), severity (SEV) and area under severity curve (AUSC). Foliar Si concentrations were quantified at the end of the evaluations. Si supply to plants increased leaf Si concentration in 233% for Fundacep Horizonte (from 4.8 to 16.0 g kg^?1 of dry matter) and 211% for Quartzo (from 5.3 to 16.5 g kg^?1 of dry matter). In the Si + treatments, IP was longer by 24 and 17 h, IE declined by 53.5 and 65.5%, LS (at 264 h after inoculation) by 4.6 mm (from 9.5 to 4.9 mm) and 5.9 mm (from 8.2 to 2.3 mm), and SEV by 53% (from 54.4 to 18.8%) and 88% (from 47.7 to 5.5%) respectively, for the Fundacep Horizonte and Quartzo cultivars. The Si x cultivar interaction was not significant for AULSC and AUSC, and these variables were reduced by 55.8 and 80.8%, respectively, in plants supplied with Si. In conclusion, Si enhanced the resistance of wheat plants to tan spot development by affecting several resistance components, regardless of the resistance level of the cultivar. However, the greatest reduction in tan spot development by Si supply was observed when using a moderately resistant cultivar.  相似文献   

Conceptual considerations on exposure assessment goals for aquatic pesticide risks at EU level          下载免费PDF全文

Jos JTI Boesten 《Pest management science》2018,74(2):264-274

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National inventory and prioritization of crop wild relatives in Spain     

María Luisa Rubio Teso  Elena Torres Lamas  Mauricio Parra-Quijano  Lucía de la Rosa  Juan Fajardo  José M. Iriondo 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2018,65(4):1237-1253

Crop wild relatives (CWR) have recently received significant attention due to their value as plant genetic resources and their contribution to world food security. We present a prioritized checklist of CWR in Spain in which the criteria of crossability with crops of economic importance, endemicity and threat status have been taken into account. First, we selected a list of genera corresponding to the most relevant crops for Spain and at the international level. These crops were classified into use categories (Food, Forage & Fodder, Ornamental, and Industrial & Other uses) depending on their main use. The wild plant species native to Spain belonging to these genera were then listed. After evaluation by national experts in plant breeding, the resulting checklist contained 929 species. Further selection based on crossability, endemicity and threat status led to the generation of the Prioritized Spanish Checklist of crop wild relatives containing 578 species. Thirty-two percent of these species belong to the Forage & Fodder use category, 28% to the Ornamental category, 24% to the Food category and 16% to the Industrial & Other uses category. Thirty-five percent of the prioritized species are endemic to Spain, and over one-fourth are classified under some category of threat according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Endemicity and threat status rates in the Prioritized Spanish Checklist of CWR were higher than those found in the prioritized CWR inventories of other countries. A ex situ assessment reporting number of accessions showed that 70% of the prioritized Spanish CWR have accessions preserved in genebanks.  相似文献   

Soil quality index for cacao cropping systems     

Quintino Araujo  Dario Ahnert  Guilherme Loureiro  José Faria  Cinira Fernandes  Virupax Baligar 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2018,64(13):1892-1909

The soil quality index (SQI) for cacao cropping systems was developed to meet the nutritional criteria of the crop, the environmental safety of the cropping sites and the increasing demand for the production and quality of cocoa. Available water function (AWF), root growth function (RGF), mineral nutrition of plants function (MNF) and environmental safety function (ESF) for potentially toxic elements were included in the additive model of SQI for cacao cropping systems. In this study, over 66% of the cacao fields cropping sites were classified as regular SQI with a range of scores between 0.42 and 0.61. The field cropping site with the highest score (0.73) characterized as typic Alitic Red-Yellow Argisol was rated with high SQI. In contrast, the field cropping sites characterized as abrupt Cohesive Dystrophic Red-Yellow Argisol (0.29), typic Dystrophic Haplic Cambisol (0.39), and latosolic Dystrophic Yellow Argisol (0.40) were rated with low SQI. MNF and AWF were the functions that most contributed to the increase or decrease of SQI scores. The SQI adapted expressed the agro-environmental reality of cacao cropping systems of Bahia, Brazil, and this could be a versatile tool to subsidize the adequate soil management of cacao plantations around the world.  相似文献   

Integrated management reduces Globodera rostochiensis abundance and enhances nematode community composition     

Damaris Desgarennes  José Daniel López-Lima 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2018,64(1):1-12

The potato cyst nematode is a major threat to potato production worldwide. In the highlands of Veracruz State, Mexico, potato cultivation has been the main economic activity during the last seven decades, and it is severely affected by the high abundance of Globodera rostochiensis. In this study, the field efficacy of chemical nematicides, nematophagous fungi, crop rotation and the combination of the latter two strategies were assessed on G. rostochiensis abundance while also considering their effects on the free-living nematode community. Integrated management combining the use of nematophagous fungi and crop rotation was the most effective strategy for decreasing the abundance of G. rostochiensis (up to 13%). Additionally, high diversity, low disturbance, and a slightly higher structure were observed in the nematode community in the integrated management treatment. Although nematophagous fungi and crop rotation separately were less effective in reducing G. rostochiensis abundance (41% and 23%, respectively), the free-living nematode community was not drastically affected. Chemical control was not only less effective in reducing the abundance of G. rostochiensis (up to 37%) but also affected the free-living nematode community to a greater extent. Our results suggest integrated management not only reduces G. rostochiensis abundance but also enhances free-living nematode community.  相似文献   

A winter intercrop of faba bean and rapeseed for silage as a substitute for Italian ryegrass in rotation with maize     

José D. Jiménez-Calderón  Adela Martínez-Fernández  Mohammed Benaouda 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2018,64(7):983-993

In order to combine the ability of legumes to fix atmospheric nitrogen and the cruciferous capacities to mobilize soil nutrients and herbicide action, the aim of this work was to evaluate an alternative winter intercrop (faba bean-rapeseed) as a replacement of Italian ryegrass culture in a rotational system with maize as summer crop. For this purpose, two adjacent plots were used during three agronomic years (2011–2012, 2012–2013 and 2013–2014) to evaluate the agronomic performance through the forage production, nutritional composition of forage and silage, and the effects on soil fertility. The Italian ryegrass was cultivated under conventional management: using chemical fertilization and recommended dosages of herbicides. The faba bean-rapeseed intercrop was cultivated under an alternative management: organic fertilization and less herbicide supply. The intercrop provides higher forage yield per hectare than Italian ryegrass, with greater protein (kg ha^?1) and similar energy (GJ ha^?1) yields. The intercrop allows reducing the inputs of chemical fertilization and herbicides, and it has a positive effect on the balance of soil nutrients, especially increasing the potassium, calcium and magnesium contents. The results show that faba bean-rapeseed intercrop could be an alternative to the Italian ryegrass as winter crop.  相似文献   

Inter-tree and intra-tree variation in the physical properties of wood of laurel (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Laurus nobilis</Emphasis>)     

José Ángel Pulgar Lorenzo  Guillermo Riesco Muñoz 《European Journal of Forest Research》2018,137(4):507-515

The laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) is a common species in southern Europe, but the properties of its wood are not well described in the literature and from that perspective any novel information is valuable. Because of that, a group of laurels was felled for the analysis of wood properties on small defect-free specimens (17 trees and 1250 valid specimens). The sampled wood was moderately heavy and unstable. The following mean values were obtained (density at 12% moisture content 699 kg m^?3; basic density 566 kg m^?3; total volumetric shrinkage 18.0%; volumetric shrinkage coefficient 0.59%). Highly significant inter-tree and intra-tree variation was observed for most of the properties considered. The inter-tree variation was attributed to tree dimensions, being remarkable that volumetric, radial and tangential shrinkage coefficients were significantly related to breast height diameter and slenderness. The trends of these variables suggest that in trees older than those used in the study (24–41 years old) the dimensional stability would increase. As regards the inter-tree variation, a low but highly significant decrease was found for density at highest positions in the tree. Volumetric and linear shrinkage diminish very significantly along the stem. Due to the uniformity of density and the increment of wood dimensional stability along the trunk, the harvesting of the full stem is advisable.  相似文献   

Genetic diversity,population structure,and correlations between locally adapted zebu and taurine breeds in Brazil using SNP markers     

Bárbara Machado Campos  Adriana Santana do Carmo  Andrea Alves do Egito  Arthur Silva da Mariante  Maria Socorro Muaés do Albuquerque  João José Simoni de Gouveia  Carlos Henrique Mendes Malhado  Lucas Lima Verardo  Marcos Vinícius Gualberto Barbosa da Silva  Paulo Luiz Souza Carneiro 《Tropical animal health and production》2017,49(8):1677-1684

Genetic diversity is one of the most important issues in studies on conservation of cattle breeds and endangered species. The objective of this study was to estimate the levels of genetic differentiation between locally adapted taurine (Bos taurus taurus) and zebu (Bos taurus indicus) breeds in Brazil, which were genotyped for more than 777,000 SNPs. The fixation index (F _ST), principal component analysis (PCA), and Bayesian clustering were estimated. The F _ST highlighted genetic differentiation between taurine and zebu breeds. The taurine lines, Caracu and Caracu Caldeano, had significant genetic differentiation (F _ST close to 5%) despite their recent selection for different uses (meat and milk). This genetic variability can be used for conservation of locally adapted animals, as well as for breeding programs on zebu breeds. Introgression of zebu in locally adapted breeds was identified, especially in Curraleiro Pé-Duro breed. The Gyr breed, however, had low breed purity at genomic level due to its very heterogeneous mixing pattern.  相似文献