The novel Sinupret® dry extract exhibits anti-inflammatory effectiveness in vivo     

Rossi A  Dehm F  Kiesselbach C  Haunschild J  Sautebin L  Werz O 《Fitoterapia》2012,83(4):715-720

Sinupret® is frequently used as a herbal medicinal product to treat sinusitis, and it was assumed that anti-inflammatory effects might contribute to its overall beneficial properties. Here, we investigated the effects of a Sinupret® drug mixture (SIN) as well as of the novel Sinupret® dry extract (SIN DE) with the latter containing higher concentrations of active ingredients, in an in vivo model of acute inflammation, the carrageenan-induced pleurisy in rats. Both SIN and SIN DE were administered to rats orally at doses of 100 mg/kg (low dose) and 500 mg/kg (high dose) 1 h prior to intrapleural injection of carrageenan. Although both SIN and SIN DE significantly reduced the exudate volume and leukocyte numbers in the pleural exudate at the high and the low dose 4 h after carrageenan injection, the novel SIN DE was more efficient than SIN at the low dose, implying higher efficiency. In parallel, the novel dry extract SIN DE, but not SIN, at 500 mg/kg significantly lowered the levels of prostaglandin (PG)E₂ in the exudates and reduced the amounts of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 protein in the lungs. Together, SIN and SIN DE exert significant oral anti-inflammatory effects, which rationalize their therapeutic use in the management of sinusitis and other viral/microbial nasal infections that are associated with inflammation. Moreover, our results suggest that based on the higher efficiency and the accompanied reduction of COX-2 expression and PGE₂ formation, the novel dry extract SIN DE might be superior over the former SIN drug mixture.  相似文献   

Concentration profiles and safety of topically applied betulinic acid and NVX‐207 in eight healthy horses—A randomized,blinded, placebo‐controlled,crossover pilot study     

Lisa A. Weber  Christina Puff  Jutta Kalbitz  Manfred Kietzmann  Karsten Feige  Konstanze Bosse  Karl Rohn  Jessika‐M. V. Cavalleri 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2021,44(1):47-57

The naturally occurring betulinic acid (BA) and its derivative NVX‐207 show anticancer effects against equine malignant melanoma (EMM) cells and a potent permeation in isolated equine skin in vitro. The aim of the study was to determine the in vivo concentration profiles of BA and NVX‐207 in equine skin and assess the compounds’ local and systemic tolerability with the intent of developing a topical therapy against EMM. Eight horses were treated percutaneously in a crossover design with 1% BA, 1% NVX‐207 or a placebo in a respective vehicle twice a day for seven consecutive days with a seven‐day washout period between each formulation. Horses were treated at the neck and underneath the tail. Concentration profiles of the compounds were assessed by high‐performance liquid chromatography in the cervical skin. Clinical and histopathological examinations and blood analyses were performed. Higher concentrations of NVX‐207 were found in the skin compared to BA. Good systemic tolerability and only mild local adverse effects were observed in all three groups. This study substantiates the topical application of BA and NVX‐207 in further clinical trials with horses suffering from EMM; however, penetration and permeation of the compounds may be altered in skin affected by tumors.  相似文献   

Amino Acid contents in raw materials can be precisely analyzed in a global network of near-infrared spectrometers: collaborative trials prove the positive effects of instrument standardization and repeatability files     

Fontaine J  Hörr J  Schirmer B 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(4):701-708

Four international ring trials for NIRS amino acid analysis of feed raw materials have demonstrated for the first time that the calibrations developed by Degussa allow reliable and precise predictions of essential amino acids in up to 44 NIR spectrometers. Different standardization techniques were compared, and the effectiveness of using spectra of the host instruments as repeatability files was studied. The ultimately achieved reproducibility of 2-3% CV for almost all analyses in the network is considerably better than ring trial results for wet chemical amino acid analysis.  相似文献   

Identification of an RAPD Marker Linked to the Vf Gene for Scab Resistance in Apples   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Hongyu  Yang Jutta  Krüger 《Plant Breeding》1994,112(4):323-329

Resistance to V. inaequalis, derived from the small-fruited species Malus floribunda 821, is determined by a major dominant gene, assigned as Vf. The material used in this paper is based on the introgression of the Vf gene from M. floribunda into commercial apple varieties. Comparing RAPD patterns of a genomic DNA sample of M. floribunda with a pooled DNA sample of resistant individuals and that of 10 susceptible commercial apple varieties, fragments were identified which are derived from M. floribunda. One of them, the fragment OPD20/600, proved to be linked to the Vf gene with a recombination value of about 0.20—0.25. It is the first DNA marker so far for scab resistance.  相似文献   

Drought prediction     

Roosen RG  Angione RJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1974,186(4162):393-394

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FraxForFuture—research on European ash dieback in Germany     

Langer  Gitta Jutta  Fuchs  Sebastian  Osewold  Johannes  Peters  Sandra  Schrewe  Falk  Ridley  Maia  Kätzel  Ralf  Bubner  Ben  Grüner  Jörg 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2022,129(6):1285-1295

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - European ash dieback caused by the alien, invasive ascomycete species Hymenoscyphus fraxineus currently represents, along with its side effects, the...  相似文献   

What can we learn from clubroots: alterations in host roots and hormone homeostasis caused by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Plasmodiophora brassicae</Emphasis>   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jutta Ludwig-Müller  Astrid Schuller 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2008,121(3):291-302

The clubroot disease of cruciferous crops is caused by an obligate biotrophic protist, Plasmodiophora brassicae. The disease is characterized by the development of large root galls accompanied by changes in source-sink relations and the hormonal balance within the plant. Since the disease is difficult to control, it is of high economic interest to understand the events leading to gall formation. In this review we will give an overview on the current knowledge of changes brought about in the host root by this obligate biotrophic pathogen. Emphasis will be on the regulation of changes in plant hormone homeostasis, mainly auxins and cytokinins; the possible role of secondary metabolites, especially indole glucosinolates, in gall formation and auxin homeostasis will be discussed. Also, results from mutant analysis and microarrays using the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana are presented.  相似文献   

Involvement of kaempferol in the defence response of virus infected Arabidopsis thaliana     

Saša Likić  Ivana Šola  Jutta Ludwig-Müller  Gordana Rusak 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2014,138(2):257-271

The roles of several phenolic compounds in plant defence response have been extensively studied, yet little is known about the role of flavonoids in plant-virus interaction. Quantitative and qualitative changes of selected phenolics in Arabidopsis thaliana induced by Cucumber mosaic virus containing satellite RNA (CMVsat) infection were analysed accompanied by plant hormone, chalcone synthase and pathogenesis-related gene expression analysis. Lower leaves of infected plants had a lower concentration of total phenolics compared to control plants. The concentration of kaempferol in upper leaves of all infected plants was significantly lower compared to control plants, while the expression of the chalcone synthase gene in those leaves was in most cases upregulated. All infected plants had a higher concentration of indole-3-acetic acid in lower leaves, which was accompanied with a lower concentration of kaempferol in upper leaves. Our research demonstrates a correlation between kaempferol and indole-3-acetic acid in response to CMVsat infection in Arabidopsis. We demonstrated two different metabolic patterns in infected plants suggesting the activation of two different defence responses. We also propose kaempferol to be an important part of the auxin-dependent defence response which limits systemic movement of CMVsat and that this defence response is activated prior to the well-known salicylic acid dependent defence response. Further research on kaempferol and its role in Arabidopsis-CMVsat interaction will improve our understanding on the role of flavonoids in plant defence.  相似文献   

Enhancement of pathogenicity of Newcastle disease virus by alteration of specific amino acid residues in the surface glycoproteins F and HN     

Römer-Oberdörfer A  Veits J  Werner O  Mettenleiter TC 《Avian diseases》2006,50(2):259-263

Recombinant viruses were rescued after site-specific mutagenesis of a full-length clone of the lentogenic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strain Clone 30. To assess the contribution of different amino acids to virulence, specific alterations were introduced into the fusion (F) protein and in the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein based on sequence comparison between NDV strains of different virulence. Modification of the proteolytic cleavage site in the F protein to a polybasic motif increased the intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) from 0.0 to 1.28. Moreover, the additional exchange of amino acid 123 of the HN protein from tryptophan to cysteine in combination with alteration of amino acid 27 of the F protein from cysteine to arginine increased the ICPI to 1.5. The HN mutation visibly altered conformation of the protein, resulting in the formation of disulfide-linked HN dimers that may indicate that this HN conformation is beneficial for the virulent phenotype.  相似文献   

Progesterone and pregnanediol-glucuronid concentrations in saliva, milk and urine of female alpacas and their application in pregnancy diagnosis     

Volkery J  Wittek T  Sobiraj A  Gottschalk J  Einspanier A 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2010,123(11-12):500-505

The objective of the present study was the measurement of the pregnancy associated hormones progesterone (P4) and pregnanediol-glucuronide (PdG) in saliva, milk and urine of alpacas and their potential use in pregnancy diagnosis. Sample of blood, saliva, milk and urine were obtained from 36 female alpacas before mating and throughout the pregnancy. Concentrations of P4 and PdG were determined using an enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Pregnancy was checked by ultrasonography at any sampling time. The milk samples were also tested using a commercial on-farm progesterone kit which was designed for dairy cattle. EIA-Concentrations of P4 in blood, milk and urine and urine PdG concentrations were significantly higher in pregnant than in not pregnant alpacas. There was no difference in concentrations of P4 or PdG in saliva. The accuracy of the progesterone kit was 90% for diagnosis of pregnancy and 69% for non-pregnancy. However, 70% of the false positive results also showed relatively high P4 milk concentrations in the EIA. Values of P4 in blood and PdG in urine are comparable to previous reports in alpacas and therefore can be confirmed as an indicator for pregnancy. Saliva seems unsuitable in pregnancy diagnosis in alpacas, whereas milk seems to be an adequate alternative. The use of milk and urine would simplify the pregnancy diagnosis in alpacas since in contrast to the current methods (e. g. blood progesterone) the owners can take the samples. The avoidance of blood sampling results in a considerable stress reduction for the animals. P4 measurement in milk and PdG measurement in urine are good alternatives in pregnancy diagnosis during the first month of pregnancy, when a trans-abdominal ultrasonographic examination is not yet reliable. However, since high values of P4 and PdG only show the presence of active luteal tissue and therefore are indirect markers of pregnancy the diagnosis should be confirmed using ultrasound later in pregnancy.  相似文献