The Effects of Cyclosporine Versus Standard Care in Dogs With Naturally Occurring Glomerulonephritis     

Shelly L. Vaden  Edward B. Breitschwerdt  P. Jane Armstrong  Maria T. Correa  Cathy Brown  David J. Polzin  James J. Brace  Stephen P. DiBartola  Jeanne A. Barsanti  Wayne Crowell  Heather Jans  Donna S. Dimski  Joseph Bartges 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1995,9(4):259-266

Glomerulonephritis (GN) is a leading cause of chronic renal failure in dogs. However, little is known about the efficacy of available treatment options for GN in this species. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of cyclosporine (Cy) administration on the outcome of naturally occurring GN in dogs. Thirteen dogs from 4 institutions were included in the study. Randomization of dogs into placeboversus Cy-treated groups was stratified according to initial morphological diagnosis and contributing institution. Seven and 6 dogs were assigned to be given placebo or Cy, respectively. The initial Cy dose of 10 mg/kg every 24 hours was adjusted to maintain 24-hour trough, whole blood Cy concentrations between 250 and 400 ng/mL. There were no statistically significant differences between placebo-and Cy-treated groups with respect to serum total protein, albumin, urea nitrogen and creatinine, and plasma protein concentrations; platelet count; urine protein-creatinine ratio; endogenous creatinine clearance; 24-hour urine protein concentrations; or 24-hour urine protein—endogenous creatinine clearance ratio. However, PCV was significantly lower in the Cy-treated group. Decreased appetite, diarrhea, vomiting, weight loss, involuntary shaking, and thrombocytopenia were noted in both treatment groups; however, clinical signs in Cy-treated dogs subjectively were more severe. One Cy-treated dog developed gingival hyperplasia. After entry into the study, the median survival times for placebo-and Cy-treated dogs were 16 and 11 months, respectively. Considering the expense and the frequency of adverse effects related to Cy administration, the use of Cy in the treatment of dogs with GN does not seem warranted.  相似文献   

Dissolution of canine ammonium urate uroliths     

C A Osborne  J M Kruger  G R Johnston  D J Polzin 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》1986,16(2):375-388

Medical therapy that may be effective in promoting dissolution of canine ammonium urate uroliths includes the following: reduction of dietary purines, reduction in in vivo production of uric acid, and alkalinization of urine.  相似文献   

Relationship of nutritional factors to the cause, dissolution, and prevention of feline uroliths and urethral plugs     

C A Osborne  D J Polzin  J M Kruger  J P Lulich  G R Johnston  T D O'Brien 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》1989,19(3):561-581

Feline lower urinary tract disease is often associated with uroliths and urethral plugs. Uroliths and urethral plugs are composed of variable quantities of matrix and a variety of minerals (including struvite, calcium oxalate, ammonium urate, calcium phosphate, and cystine). Knowledge of nutritional factors associated with the pathophysiology of uroliths and urethral plugs facilitates the modification of diets for the dissolution of several minerals contained within them.  相似文献   

Etiopathogenesis of canine struvite urolithiasis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

C A Osborne  J S Klausner  D J Polzin  D P Griffith 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》1986,16(1):67-86

Urine must be oversaturated with magnesium ammonium phosphate for struvite uroliths to form. Oversaturation of urine with magnesium ammonium phosphate may be associated with several factors, including urinary tract infections with urease-producing microbes, alkaline urine, diet, and genetic predisposition. Of the urease-producing microbes, staphylococci are most struvitogenic in dogs. The precise mechanisms resulting in formation of sterile struvite uroliths in dogs have not been determined.  相似文献   

Medical dissolution of feline struvite urocystoliths     

C A Osborne  J P Lulich  J M Kruger  D J Polzin  G R Johnston  R A Kroll 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1990,196(7):1053-1063

The efficacy of a diet designed to facilitate dissolution of feline magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite) uroliths was evaluated in 30 cases of urolithiasis, sterile struvite uroliths dissolved in a mean of 36 days after initiation of dietary treatment. In 5 cases of urolithiasis, struvite urocystoliths associated with urease-negative bacterial urinary tract infection dissolved in a mean of 23 days after initiation of dietary and antimicrobial treatment. In 3 cases of urolithiasis, struvite urocystoliths associated with urease-positive staphylococcal urinary tract infection dissolved in a mean of 79 days after initiation of dietary and antimicrobial treatment. Dissolution of uroliths in cats fed the treatment diet was associated with concomitant remission of dysuria, hematuria, and pyuria, and reduction in urine pH and struvite crystalluria. In one case, a urocystolith composed of 100% ammonium urate, and in another case, a urolith composed of 60% calcium phosphate, 20% calcium oxalate, and 20% magnesium ammonium phosphate did not dissolve.  相似文献   

Effects of enalapril versus placebo as a treatment for canine idiopathic glomerulonephritis     

Grauer GF  Greco DS  Getzy DM  Cowgill LD  Vaden SL  Chew DJ  Polzin DJ  Barsanti JA 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2000,14(5):526-533

A blinded, multicenter, prospective clinical trial assessed the effects of enalapril (EN) versus standard care in dogs with naturally occurring, idiopathic glomerulonephritis (GN). Twenty-nine adult dogs with membranous (n = 16) and membranoproliferative (n = 13) GN were studied. Dogs were randomly assigned to receive either EN (0.5 mg/kg PO q12-24h; n = 16) or placebo (n = 14) for 6 months (1 dog was treated first with the placebo and then with EN). All dogs were treated with low-dose aspirin (0.5-5 mg/kg PO q12-24h) and fed a commercial diet. At baseline, serum creatinine (SrCr), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and glomerular histologic grade were not different between groups, but the urine protein/creatinine ratio (UP/C) was greater in the EN group compared with the placebo group (8.7 +/- 4.4 versus 4.7 +/- 2.3). After 6 months of treatment, the change in UP/C from baseline was significantly different between groups (EN = -4.2 +/- 1.4 versus 1.9 +/- 0.9 in the placebo group). When data were adjusted for changes in SrCr (SrCr X UP/C) a similar significant reduction was noted ( 2.2 +/- 15.2 versus 8.4 +/- 10.1). The change in SBP after 6 months of treatment also was significantly different between groups (EN = -12.8 +/- 27.3 versus 5.9 +/- 21.5 mm Hg in the placebo group). Response to treatment was categorized as improvement (assigned a value of 2), no progression (assigned a value of 1), and progression (assigned a value of 0). Response was significantly better in the EN group (1.4 +/- 0.8) compared with the placebo group (0.3 +/- 0.5). These results suggest that EN treatment is beneficial in dogs with naturally occurring idiopathic GN.  相似文献   

Efficacy of moxidectin and other anthelmintics against small strongyles in horses   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

PF ROLFE  KL DAWSON  M. HOLM-MARTIN 《Australian veterinary journal》1998,76(5):332-334

Objective To compare the efficacy of moxidectin to ivermectin, oxibendazole and morantel against some gastrointestinal nematodes in horses.
Design Faecal egg count reduction after treatment.
Procedure A farm was selected where the population of small strongyles in horses was known to be resistant to oxibendazole. Horses were allocated to treatment groups based on faecal egg counts. After treatment, faecal samples were taken up to 109 days after treatment and faecal egg counts estimated. Faecal cultures were used to estimate the contribution of small and large strongyles to the faecal egg counts at each sampling.
Results Moxidectin (0.4 mg/kg) suppressed faecal egg counts for 109 days after treatment in most horses compared to 40 days with ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg), 13 days with morantel (9.4 mg/kg) and less than 13 days with oxibendazole (10 mg/kg). Most of the faecal egg count was attributable to small strongyles based on faecal culture, although Strongylus vulgaris was present in some samples in low numbers. Oxibendazole resistance in small strongyles was confirmed and a less than expected efficacy of morantel was also seen.
Conclusion Moxidectin was highly effective in reducing faecal egg counts after treatment for at least 12 weeks and up to 16 weeks in most horses. These horses were infected with a population of small strongyles known to be resistant to oxibendazole and possibly morantel. The duration of the reduction in faecal egg counts after treatment with moxidectin (0.4 mg/kg) was at least twice that of ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg) and greater than four times that for morantel and oxibendazole.  相似文献   

Resistance to synthetic pyrethroid pour-on insecticides in strains of the sheep body louse Bovicola (Damalinia) ovis     

PW JOHNSON  JC BORAY  KL DAWSON 《Australian veterinary journal》1992,69(9):213-217

Groups of sheep infested with strains of Bovicola (Damalinia) ovis were obtained from flocks either with a history of failure to control lice with synthetic pyrethroid (SP) pour-on insecticides, or from farms where SP compounds were not used. The sheep were treated according to the manufacturer's recommendations with registered "off-shears" SP formulations. All treatments were applied under ideal conditions with doses calculated on an individual body weight basis and applied to the dorsal mid-line from the base of the neck to the butt of the tail. Treated sheep were kept in pens and maintained in separate groups. The pour-on SP treatments significantly reduced the lice population but failed to eliminate the infestation in 7 of 13 experiments in sheep carrying strains of lice with resistance factors of greater than 4 to at least one of the SP compounds. Failures occurred with all three of the SP pour-ons currently registered for lice control in NSW and with both water-based and organic solvent-based formulations.  相似文献   

First detection of bovine noroviruses and detection of bovine coronavirus in Australian dairy cattle          下载免费PDF全文

SJ Symes  JL Allen  PD Mansell  KL Woodward  KE Bailey  JR Gilkerson  GF Browning 《Australian veterinary journal》2018,96(6):203-208

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A case-control study of the effects of nephrolithiasis in cats with chronic kidney disease     

Ross SJ  Osborne CA  Lekcharoensuk C  Koehler LA  Polzin DJ 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2007,230(12):1854-1859

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether nephrolithiasis was associated with an increase in mortality rate or in the rate of disease progression in cats with naturally occurring stage 2 (mild) or 3 (moderate) chronic kidney disease. DESIGN: Retrospective case-control study. ANIMALS: 14 cats with stage 2 (mild) or 3 (moderate) chronic kidney disease (7 with nephroliths and 7 without). PROCEDURES: All cats were evaluated every 3 months for up to 24 months. Possible associations between nephrolithiasis and clinicopathologic abnormalities, incidence of uremic crises, death secondary to renal causes, and death secondary to any cause were evaluated. RESULTS: There were no clinically important differences in biochemical, hematologic, or urinalysis variables between cats with and without nephroliths at baseline or after 12 and 24 months of monitoring. No associations were detected between nephrolithiasis and rate of disease progression, incidence of uremic crises, or death. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggested that in cats with mild or moderate chronic kidney disease, nephrolithiasis was not associated with an increase in mortality rate or in the rate of disease progression. Findings support recommendations that cats with severe kidney disease and nephrolithiasis be managed without surgery.  相似文献