An overview of dropped hock syndrome cases in New Zealand cattle     

IA Topham  KE Dittmer  KN Buckle 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2020,68(4):247-254

ABSTRACT

Case history: Data were collected from 47 outbreaks of dropped hock syndrome (DHS) that were reported by veterinarians in New Zealand to the Ministry for Primary Industries between October 2012 and August 2017. There were 181 affected dairy cows from 44 farms. Of those with records, all 86 were aged between 2–3 years-old, and 4/94 (4%) were Friesian, 56/94 (60%) were Jersey and 33/94 (35%) were Jersey/Friesian cross. Of the 47 outbreaks, 45 (96%) occurred during winter and 37 (79%) in the South Island.

Clinical findings: Of 151 cases with records, hindlimb weakness (117 cows), shortened gait (112 cows) and dropped hocks (106 cows) were most commonly reported, with 110 cases being bilaterally affected. The level of diagnostic work-up and the data recorded by veterinarians for each outbreak were highly variable. Creatine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase activities were reported for 22 cases and were within normal ranges for cows with mild disease but increased in cows with severe disease. Concentrations of Cu in serum and liver were below normal for 13/22 and 9/10 cows, respectively, from six outbreaks. Of 41 cows with records for clinical outcomes, 12 had complete resolution, 18 had partial resolution, and 11 had no resolution.

Pathological findings: Post-mortem data were available from 26 cases. Muscle necrosis and haemorrhage of the origin of the gastrocnemius muscle were the key gross findings. In 14 cows with records for muscle histopathology, myodegeneration and recent haemorrhage were observed, and connective tissue pathology was reported to predate muscular pathology in seven cases.

Diagnosis: DHS appeared to be a degenerative rather than inflammatory condition primarily affecting the connective tissue of the hind limb, especially at the dense collagen interfaces of the gastrocnemius. Although no evidence of neuropathy was found, this cannot definitively be ruled out as a potential cause.

Clinical relevance: A more standardised and systematic approach to investigating cases and recording case data is required to make robust inferences about the aetiology, risk factors, and treatment interventions for DHS.  相似文献   

Fluorescence imaging of cellular metabolites with RNA     

Paige JS  Nguyen-Duc T  Song W  Jaffrey SR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,335(6073):1194

Genetically encoded sensors are powerful tools for imaging intracellular metabolites and signaling molecules. However, developing sensors is challenging because they require proteins that undergo conformational changes upon binding the desired target molecule. We describe an approach for generating fluorescent sensors based on Spinach, an RNA sequence that binds and activates the fluorescence of a small-molecule fluorophore. We show that these sensors can detect a variety of different small molecules in vitro and in living cells. These RNAs constitute a versatile approach for fluorescence imaging of small molecules and have the potential to detect essentially any cellular biomolecule.  相似文献   

Characterization of cytokines associated with Th17 cells in the eyes of horses with recurrent uveitis     

Regan DP  Aarnio MC  Davis WS  Carmichael KP  Vandenplas ML  Lauderdale JD  Moore PA 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2012,15(3):145-152

Objective Equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) is a spontaneous disease that is the most common cause of blindness in horses, affecting up to 15% of the horse population. Th17 cells are a major cell population driving the pathogenesis in several mouse models of autoimmune inflammation, including experimental autoimmune uveitis. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role a Th17 cell‐mediated response plays in the pathogenesis of ERU. Procedure Banked, Davidson’s‐fixed equine globes histopathologically diagnosed with ERU (n = 7) were compared immunohistochemically with healthy control globes (n = 7). Immunohistochemical staining was performed using a pan‐Leptospira antibody and antibodies against IL‐6, IL‐17, and IL‐23. Additionally, immunostaining was performed for T‐cell (CD3) and B‐cell (CD79α) markers. Specificity of immunoreactivity was confirmed by western blot analysis. Results Immunohistochemical staining was positive for IL‐6, IL‐17, and IL‐23 within the cytoplasm of nonpigmented ciliary epithelial cells and mononuclear inflammatory cells infiltrating the iris, and ciliary body of ERU horses (n = 7) but negative in controls (n = 7). ERU‐affected eyes were CD3 positive (n = 7) and CD79α negative (n = 7). Staining for Leptospira was negative in all ERU and control globes. Conclusions Strong immunoreactivity for IL‐6, IL‐17, and IL‐23, in conjunction with the fact that T lymphocytes are the predominating inflammatory cells present in ERU, suggests that IL‐17‐secreting helper T‐cells play a role in the pathogenesis of ERU. These findings suggest that horses with ERU may serve as a naturally occurring animal model for autoimmune uveitis.  相似文献   

Interventions and experience after complicated total cystectomy in a dog with transitional cell carcinoma     

Owen T. Skinner BVSc  DECVS  DACVS-SA  Sarah E. Boston DVM  DVSc  DACVS-SA  Paige L. Maxwell BSc 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2020,49(4):811-817

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Morphometric measurements to predict meniscal size in skeletally mature dogs for meniscal transplantation     

David W. Cradic DVM  Karanvir S. Aulakh BVSc & AH  MS  MS  CCRP  DACVS-SA  Paige Hymel BS  Katherine Barnes DVM  MS  CCRP  DACVS-SA  J. Alberto Gines DVM  DECVS  Nathalie Rademacher DVM  DACVR  Harmeet K. Aulakh BVSc & AH  MVSc  DACVIM  Chin-Chi Liu MS  MApStat  PhD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2020,49(1):172-179

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Efficacy of a portable oxygen concentrator with pulsed delivery for treatment of hypoxemia during equine field anesthesia          下载免费PDF全文

Paige Coutu  Nigel Caulkett  Daniel Pang  Søren Boysen 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2015,42(5):518-526

ObjectiveHypoxemia is common during equine field anesthesia. Our hypothesis was that oxygen therapy from a portable oxygen concentrator would increase PaO₂ during field anesthesia compared with the breathing of ambient air.Study designProspective clinical study.AnimalsFifteen yearling (250 – 400 kg) horses during field castration.MethodsHorses were maintained in dorsal recumbency during anesthesia with an intravenous infusion of 2000 mg ketamine and 500 mg xylazine in 1 L of 5% guaifenesin. Arterial samples for blood gas analysis were collected immediately post-induction (PI), and at 15 and 30 minutes PI. The control group (n = 6) breathed ambient air. The treatment group (n = 9) were administered pulsed-flow oxygen (192 mL per bolus) by nasal insufflation during inspiration for 15 minutes PI, then breathed ambient air. The study was performed at 1300 m above sea level. One-way and two-way repeated-measures anova with post-hoc Bonferroni tests were used for within and between-group comparisons, respectively. Significance was set at p ≤ 0.05.ResultsMean ± SD PaO₂ in controls at 0, 15 and 30 minutes PI were 46 ± 7 mmHg (6.1 ± 0.9 kPa), 42 ± 9 mmHg (5.6 ± 1.1 kPa), and 48 ± 7 mmHg (6.4 ± 0.1 kPa), respectively (p = 0.4). In treatment animals, oxygen administration significantly increased PaO₂ at 15 minutes PI to 60 ± 13 mmHg (8.0 ± 1.7 kPa), compared with baseline values of 46 ± 8 mmHg (6.1 ± 1 kPa) (p = 0.007), and 30 minute PI values of 48 ± 7 mmHg (6.5 ± 0.9 kPa) (p = 0.003).ConclusionsThese data show that a pulsed-flow delivery of oxygen can increase PaO₂ in dorsally recumbent horses during field anesthesia with ketamine-xylazine-guaifenesin.Clinical relevanceThe portable oxygen concentrator may help combat hypoxemia during field anesthesia in horses.  相似文献   

Ancient Mars: wet in many places     

Paige DA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,307(5715):1575-1576

New results from the Mars Express Orbiter mission reveal multiple deposits of minerals formed in the presence of liquid water. They reinforce the conclusion that ancient Mars was warmer and wetter than it is today, and increase the number of promising localities to search for evidence of past life.  相似文献   

Lactose digestion in pregnant African-Americans     

Paige DM  Witter FR  Bronner YL  Kessler LA  Perman JA  Paige TR 《Public health nutrition》2003,6(8):801-807

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Influence of patch,habitat, and landscape characteristics on patterns of Lower Keys marsh rabbit occurrence following Hurricane Wilma     

Paige M. Schmidt  Robert A. McCleery  Roel R. Lopez  Nova J. Silvy  Jason A. Schmidt  Neil D. Perry 《Landscape Ecology》2011,26(10):1419-1431

Degradation of coastal systems has led to increased impacts from hurricanes and storm surges and is of concern for coastal endemics species. Understanding the influence of disturbance on coastal populations like the endangered Lower Keys marsh rabbit (Sylvilagus palustris hefneri) is important to understanding long-term dynamics and for recovery planning. We evaluated the effect of disturbance on the rabbits by determining which patch, habitat, and landscape characteristics influenced habitat use following Hurricane Wilma. We determined patch-level occurrence 6–9 months prior to Hurricane Wilma, within 6 months following the hurricane, and 2 years after the storm to quantify rates of patch abandonment and recurrence. We observed high patch abandonment (37.5% of used patches) 6 months after Hurricane Wilma and low rates of recurrence (38.1% of abandoned patches) 2 years after the storm, an indication that this storm further threatened marsh rabbit viability. We found the proportion of salt-tolerant (e.g., mangroves and scrub mangroves) and salt-intolerant (e.g., freshwater wetlands) vegetation within LKMR patches were negatively and positively correlated with probability of patch abandonment, respectively. We found patch size and the number of used patches surrounding abandoned patches were positively correlated with probability of recurrence. We suggest habitat use following this hurricane was driven by the differential response of non-primary habitats to saline overwash and habitat loss from past development that reduced the size and number of local populations. Our findings demonstrate habitat use studies should be conducted following disturbance and should incorporate on-going effects of development and climate change.  相似文献   

Immunoglobulin gene rearrangement in immature B cells   总被引：29，自引：0，他引：29  

R Maki  J Kearney  C Paige  S Tonegawa 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1980,209(4463):1366-1369

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