A new variance estimator for parameters of semiparametric generalized additive models     

W.?Dana?FlandersEmail author  Mitch?Klein  Paige?Tolbert 《Journal of Agricultural, Biological & Environmental Statistics》2005,10(2):246-257

Generalized additive models (GAMs) have become popular in the air pollution epidemiology literature. Two problems, recently surfaced, concern implementation of these semiparametric models. The first problem, easily corrected, was laxity of the default convergence criteria. The other, noted independently by Klein, Flanders, and Tolbert, and Ramsay, Burnett, and Krewski concerned variance estimates produced by commercially available software. In simulations, they were as much as 50% too small. We derive an expression for a variance estimator for the parametric component of generalized additive models that can include up to three smoothing splines, and show how the standard error (SE) estimated by this method differs from the corresponding SE estimated with error in a study of air pollution and emergency room admissions for cardiorespiratory disease. The derivation is based on asymptotic linearity. Using Monte Carlo experiments, we evaluated performance of the estimator in finite samples. The estimator performed well in Monte Carlo experiments, in the situations considered. However, more work is needed to address performance in additional situations. Using data from our study of air pollution and cardiovascular disease, the standard error estimated using the new method was about 10% to 20% larger than the biased, commercially available standard error estimate.  相似文献   

Stalactite Growth beneath Sea Ice     

Paige RA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1970,167(3915):171-172

Fresh ice stalactites were observed beneath sea ice in Antarctica. They are hollow, tapering, inverted cones having a base diameter between 10 and 20 centimeters and a tip diameter of 4 to 10 centimeters extending downward about 100 centimeters. The stalactites form when dense, chilled brine drains downward from the ice sheet into seawater of norma1 salinity and near-freezing temperature.  相似文献   

Annual heat balance of martian polar caps: viking observations     

Paige DA  Ingersoll AP 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1985,228(4704):1160-1168

The Infrared Thermal Mappers aboard the two Viking orbiters obtained solar reflectance and infrared emission measurements of the Martian north and south polar regions during an entire Mars year. The observations were used to determine annual radiation budgets, infer annual carbon dioxide frost budgets, and constrain spring season surface and atmospheric properties with the aid of a polar radiative model. The results provide further confirmation of the presence of permanent CO(2)frost deposits near the south pole and show that the stability of these deposits can be explained by their high reflectivities. In the north, the observed absence of solid CO(2) during summer was primarily the result of enhanced CO(2) sublimation rates due to lower frost reflectivities during spring. The results suggest that the present asymmetric behavior of CO(2)frost at the Martian poles is caused by preferential contamination of the north seasonal polar cap by atmospheric dust.  相似文献   

HUMAN TOXOPLASMOSIS: OCCURRENCE IN INFANTS AS AN ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VERIFICATION BY TRANSMISSION TO ANIMALS     

Wolf A  Cowen D  Paige B 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1939,89(2306):226-227

  相似文献   

RNA mimics of green fluorescent protein     

Paige JS  Wu KY  Jaffrey SR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,333(6042):642-646

Green fluorescent protein (GFP) and its derivatives have transformed the use and analysis of proteins for diverse applications. Like proteins, RNA has complex roles in cellular function and is increasingly used for various applications, but a comparable approach for fluorescently tagging RNA is lacking. Here, we describe the generation of RNA aptamers that bind fluorophores resembling the fluorophore in GFP. These RNA-fluorophore complexes create a palette that spans the visible spectrum. An RNA-fluorophore complex, termed Spinach, resembles enhanced GFP and emits a green fluorescence comparable in brightness with fluorescent proteins. Spinach is markedly resistant to photobleaching, and Spinach fusion RNAs can be imaged in living cells. These RNA mimics of GFP provide an approach for genetic encoding of fluorescent RNAs.  相似文献   

On Continental Drift and Bird Migration     

Paige S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1948,108(2817):711

  相似文献   

Sexual conflict via maternal-effect genes in ZW species     

Miller PM  Gavrilets S  Rice WR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,312(5770):73

In female heterogamous (ZW) species, sex-linked genes coding for maternal products that are packaged into the egg open a unique arena for genetic conflict that does not occur in male heterogamous (XY) species. Z-linked maternal-effect alleles that help sons and harm daughters are expected to go to fixation, as are W-linked alleles that help daughters and harm sons. This conflict differs from known cases of meiotic drive, because sex-specific ontogeny, physiology, and gene expression greatly simplify the genetic interactions that lead to sexual conflict. Selection on maternal-effect genes may substantially alter the evolution of ZW compared with XY systems.  相似文献   

Outbreaks of sarcoptic mange in free‐ranging koala populations in Victoria and South Australia: a case series          下载免费PDF全文

KN Speight  PL Whiteley  L Woolford  PJ Duignan  B Bacci  S Lathe  W Boardman  TF Scheelings  O Funnell  G Underwood  MA Stevenson 《Australian veterinary journal》2017,95(7):244-249

  相似文献