Production responses and cost-benefit of long-acting pre-lambing anthelmintic treatment of yearling ewes in two commercial flocks in New Zealand     

AL Ridler  CM Miller  DM Leathwick  S Ganesh  CB Garland  HM Bruce 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2019,67(2):105-108

AIMS: To investigate the production responses and cost-benefit of administering a controlled-release anthelmintic capsule (CRC) to pregnant yearling ewes prior to lambing.

METHODS: Yearling ewes from two commercial sheep flocks (A, n=489; B, n=248) in the North Island of New Zealand were enrolled in the study. Prior to lambing, CRC containing albendazole and abamectin were administered to half the ewes while the other half remained untreated. Ewe liveweights and body condition scores were measured prior to lambing, at weaning and, for Flock B, prior to subsequent mating. Lambs were matched to dams shortly after birth and the weight and number of lamb weaned per ewe were determined. A cost-benefit analysis was undertaken for Flock B considering the increased weight of lamb weaned per ewe, and the weight of ewes at the next mating and the benefit in terms of lambs born.

RESULTS: The mean weight at weaning of treated ewes was greater for treated than untreated ewes by 2.76 (95% CI 0.64–4.88)?kg in Flock A (p<0.001) and 2.35 (95% CI ?0.41–5.12)?kg in Flock B (p=0.003); the weight of lamb weaned per ewe was greater for treated than untreated ewes by 1.43 (95% CI ?0.71 to –3.49)?kg in Flock A (p=0.041) and 3.97 (95% CI 1.59–6.37)?kg in Flock B (p<0.001), and ewe liveweight prior to subsequent mating was greater for treated than untreated ewes in Flock B by 4.60 (95% CI 3.6–5.6)?kg (p<0.001). There was no difference in the percentage of lambs reared to weaning between treated and untreated ewes in either flock (p>0.8). The overall cost-benefit of treatment for Flock B was NZ$9.44 per treated ewe.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Pre-lambing CRC administration to yearling ewes resulted in increased ewe weaning weights and weight of lamb weaned in both the flocks studied. There was an economic benefit in the one flock where this was assessed.  相似文献   

Surgical management of flexure deformity of the distal inter-phalangeal joint in three Chapman's zebras (Equus burchelli antiquorum)     

L VOGELNEST  AJ DART  CM DART 《Australian veterinary journal》1998,76(2):130-131

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Effects of local anaesthesia of 4 to 8 hours duration on the acute cortisol response to scoop dehorning in calves   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

CM McMEEKAN  DJ MELLOR  KJ STAFFORD  RA BRUCE  RN WARD  NG GREGORY 《Australian veterinary journal》1998,76(4):281-285

Objective To determine the effect of a long-acting local anaesthetic on the plasma cortisol response in calves dehorned using a scoop.
Design A physiological study with controls.
Procedure Seventy female calves, 3 to 4 months old, were divided into seven groups and dehorned by scoop with or without a long acting local anaesthetic (bupivacaine) which provides local anaesthesia for 3 to 4 h. In some treatment groups the local anaesthetic was given a second time, after 4 h, to give 8 h of anaesthesia. Blood samples were taken before and for 9 h after treatment and plasma cortisol concentrations were measured.
Results Scoop dehorning caused a marked rise in plasma cortisol concentration, which returned to pre-dehorning values after 7 h. The cortisol concentrations of calves given bupiva-caine were similar to those of control animals for 4 h after dehorning, but then a significant and protracted rise occurred, with concentrations returning to pretreatment values at about 9 h after dehorning. In calves given a second treatment of bupivacaine 4 h after dehorning, the plasma cortisol concentration remained similar to control values for 8 h after dehorning but then increased sharply.
Conclusions During its period of activity long-acting local anaesthetic prevented the rise usually seen after scoop dehorning in plasma cortisol concentrations; by inference it also alleviated the pain-induced distress caused by this procedure. However, when its effects had worn off the plasma cortisol values rose sharply indicating that animals still experienced pain-induced distress despite local anaesthetic being administered.  相似文献   

Effect of reducing inspired oxygen concentration on oxygenation parameters during general anaesthesia in horses in lateral or dorsal recumbency          下载免费PDF全文

E Uquillas  CM Dart  NR Perkins  AJ Dart 《Australian veterinary journal》2018,96(1-2):46-53

Objective

To compare the effects of two concentrations of oxygen delivered to the anaesthetic breathing circuit on oxygenation in mechanically ventilated horses anaesthetised with isoflurane and positioned in dorsal or lateral recumbency.

Methods

Selected respiratory parameters and blood lactate were measured and oxygenation indices calculated, before and during general anaesthesia, in 24 laterally or dorsally recumbent horses. Horses were randomly assigned to receive 100% or 60% oxygen during anaesthesia. All horses were anaesthetised using the same protocol and intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) was commenced immediately following anaesthetic induction and endotracheal intubation. Arterial blood gas analysis was performed and oxygenation indices calculated before premedication, immediately after induction, at 10 and 45 min after the commencement of mechanical ventilation, and in recovery.

Results

During anaesthesia, the arterial partial pressure of oxygen was adequate in all horses, regardless of position of recumbency or the concentration of oxygen provided. At 10 and 45 min after commencing IPPV, the arterial partial pressure of oxygen was lower in horses in dorsal recumbency compared with those in lateral recumbency, irrespective of the concentration of oxygen supplied. Based on oxygenation indices, pulmonary function during general anaesthesia in horses placed in dorsal recumbency was more compromised than in horses in lateral recumbency, irrespective of the concentration of oxygen provided.

Conclusion

During general anaesthesia, using oxygen at a concentration of 60% instead of 100% maintains adequate arterial oxygenation in horses in dorsal or lateral recumbency. However, it will not reduce pulmonary function abnormalities induced by anaesthesia and recumbency.  相似文献   

Imbrication of the medial retinaculum to repair a bilateral traumatic lateral patellar luxation in an alpaca (Vicugna pacos)     

SA Biasutti  J Cross  CM Dart  E Uquillas  LB Jeffcott 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2018,66(1):48-49

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Effect of astaxanthin on the quality of boar sperm stored at 17°C,incubated at 37°C or under in vitro conditions          下载免费PDF全文

A Basioura  CM Boscos  I Parrilla  G Tsousis  IA Tsakmakidis 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2018,53(2):463-471

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of the antioxidant astaxanthin on boar semen. Twenty ejaculates from 10 boars (two ejaculates/boar) were extended and split in three groups: semen control (SC), solvent control (C; semen with dimethyl sulfoxide, the diluent of astaxanthin) and semen with astaxanthin (A) in concentration 0.5 μmol/L. Sperm quality parameters (motility and kinetics, morphology, viability, functional integrity of sperm plasma membrane by Hypo‐Osmotic Swelling Test [HOST] and DNA integrity) were assessed at 0, 24 and 48 hr of storage at 17°C (experiment I), before (0 hr) and after (1 hr) of sperm thermal resistance assay at 37°C (experiment II) and finally before (0 hr) and after (1 hr) sperm in vitro incubation (38.5°C, 5% CO₂, maximum humidity [experiment III]). In experiment I, group A performed overall better than group SC and as a tendency better than group C regarding viability. Total motility, rapid spermatozoa and HOST remained constant across time in group A, whereas they decreased in the remaining groups. In experiment II, regarding motility and viability, group A displayed better results across time than the other two groups. In experiment III, viability and total motility decreased in groups SC and C, while in group A, these parameters were not significantly different between the examination time points. In conclusion, astaxanthin has a beneficial and protective effect on boar semen quality under the investigated conditions.  相似文献   

Flow Cytometric Chromosomal Sex Sorting of Stallion Spermatozoa Induces Oxidative Stress on Mitochondria and Genomic DNA          下载免费PDF全文

CM Balao da Silva  C Ortega‐Ferrusola  JM Morrell  H Rodriguez Martínez  FJ Peña 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2016,51(1):18-25

To date, the only repeatable method to select spermatozoa for chromosomal sex is the Beltsville sorting technology using flow cytometry. Improvement of this technology in the equine species requires increasing awareness of the modifications that the sorting procedure induces on sperm intactness. Oxidative stress is regarded as the major damaging phenomenon, and increasing evidence regards handling of spermatozoa – including sex sorting – as basic ground for oxidative damage. The aim of this study was to disclose whether the flow cytometric sorting procedure increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and to identify if ROS production relates to DNA damage in sorted spermatozoa using specific flow cytometry‐based assays. After sorting, oxidative stress increased from 26% to 33% in pre‐ and post‐incubation controls, to 46% after sex sorting (p < 0.05). Proportions of DNA fragmentation index post‐sorting were approximately 10% higher (31.3%); an effect apparently conduced via oxidative DNA damage as revealed by the oxyDNA assay. The probable origin of this increased oxidative stress owes the removal of enough seminal plasma due to the unphysiological sperm extension, alongside a deleterious effect of high pressure on mitochondria during the sorting procedure.  相似文献   

Factors affecting the relationship between arterial and end-tidal carbon dioxide pressures in the anaesthetised horse     

JE Rainger  CM Dart  NR Perkins 《Australian veterinary journal》2010,88(1-2):13-19

Objective To assess the effects of the duration of anaesthesia, position of recumbency, mode of ventilation, anaesthetic drug protocol, patient age and type of surgical procedure on the usefulness of capnometry as a measure of the partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (P_aco ₂) during general anaesthesia in horses. Design A prospective study compared the P_aco ₂ values with those of partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETco ₂) in horses anaesthetised for elective or emergency surgical procedures. The difference between P_aco ₂ and ETco ₂ (P_aco ₂− ETco ₂) and the physiological dead space to tidal volume ratio (V_D/V_T) were calculated. The effects of the study parameters on these variables was determined. Results The agreement between P_aco ₂ and ETco ₂ was poor. P_aco ₂− ETco ₂ and V_D/V_T during the first 60 min of anaesthesia was significantly less than after 60 min of anaesthesia. Mode of ventilation, position of recumbency, anaesthetic drug protocol, patient age and type of procedure did not have a significant affect on either value. Conclusions P_aco ₂− ETco ₂ in anaesthetised horses can be large, making ETco ₂ unreliable as a predictor of P_aco ₂ and for assessment of pulmonary ventilation. For anaesthesia lasting less than 60 min at least one blood gas analysis of an arterial blood sample is required to assess P_aco ₂− ETco ₂. Arterial blood gas analysis should be repeated after 60 min of general anaesthesia.  相似文献   

Glycerol,Methyl‐Formamide and Dimethyl‐Formamide in Canine Semen Cryopreservation     

DO Futino  MCB Mendes  WNL Matos  RG Mondadori  CM Lucci 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(2):214-220

The aim of the present work was to compare the efficiency of methyl‐formamide (MF), dimethyl‐formamide (DF) and glycerol (GL) as cryoprotectants in canine semen cryopreservation. For the experiment, pooled semen was submitted to one of the three cryoprotectants, with a final concentration of 3% in egg yolk–TRIS extender. Semen was subjectively evaluated for total and progressive motility, vigour and morphology. Sperm membrane functional integrity was assessed by hypo‐osmotic swelling test (HOST), and longevity was assessed using the thermoresistance test (TRT). Fresh semen showed normal physical and morphological characteristics. After thawing, differences were observed between semen frozen using GL and DF, regarding total and progressive motility and vigour (p < 0.05), but not between MF and GL or MF and DF. Means for total motility, progressive motility, vigour and morphologically normal spermatozoa were, respectively, 69.0 ± 5.4%, 61.0 ± 7.4%, 2.9 ± 0.5 and 57.1 ± 5.0% for GL; 59.0 ± 8.9%, 50.0 ± 10.0%, 2.5 ± 0.7 and 66.9 ± 7.7% for MF; and 44.0 ± 21.0%, 37.0 ± 19.8%, 2.1 ± 0.6 and 61.1 ± 5.5% for DF. On HOST, GL was superior (p < 0.05) to MF and DF (57.8 ± 12.4%, 35.8 ± 18.4% and 34.4 ± 9.4%, respectively). During the TRT, both GL and MF were superior to DF, with no differences between GL and MF. In conclusion, the use of MF as cryoprotectant showed results similar to GL, and can be considered as an alternative in canine semen cryopreservation. Further studies testing different concentrations of MF may improve its effects on cryopreservation of canine semen.  相似文献   

End‐to‐side anastomosis of the left ventral colon to the small colon in a neonatal foal with segmental agenesis of the large colon          下载免费PDF全文

S Biasutti  AJ Dart  CM Dart  E Uquillas  LB Jeffcott 《Australian veterinary journal》2017,95(6):217-219

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