Phenylbutazone inhibition of equine platelet function.     

K M Meyers  C Lindner  J Katz  B Grant 《American journal of veterinary research》1979,40(2):265-270

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs impair platelet aggregation and secretion in man, pigs, and rabbits and inhibit platelet thromboxane/prostaglandin synthesis. The present investigation studied the effects of phenylbutazone on platelet aggregation and bleeding times in the horse. Aggregation responses to adenosine diphosphate and collagen were markedly impaired 15 minutes and 2 hours after treatment, but 4 hours after treatment, platelet responses approximated those prior to treatment. The in vivo effect of phenylbutazone correlated with its plasma concentrations. Phenylbutazone, like aspirin, appeared to exert its effect by inhibiting thromboxane/prostaglandin synthesis, because thrombin-induced malondialdehyde formation was inhibited. However, unlike aspirin, free arachidonate-induced malondialdehyde synthesis was reduced but not eliminated, which suggested that phenylbutazone may have more than one site of action. Although collagen-induced platelet aggregation was impaired, a response was still present, and bleeding times were not altered by phenylbutazone treatment. To account for these findings, it is proposed that equine platelets can respond to collagen by thromboxane/prostaglandin independent pathways. The physiologic and pathophysiologic importance of these findings is discussed.  相似文献   

Simplified characterization of pseudorabies viruses using monoclonal antibody and selective cell culture analyses.     

J B Katz  J G Landgraf 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》1992,4(3):339-341

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An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the convenient serodiagnosis of contagious equine metritis in mares.     

J Katz  P Geer 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2001,13(1):87-88

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the serodiagnosis of contagious equine metritis (CEM), a sexually transmitted disease caused by Taylorella equigenitalis. Antigen preparation was simple, and antigens derived from both classical and atypical forms of T. equigenitalis enabled detection of antibody responses elicted in horses experimentally exposed to either form of the bacterium. Sera serially obtained from these horses from 0 to 63 days postexposure were tested by the traditional complement fixation test (CFT) for CEM and with the ELISA, using both antigens separately. There was close agreement between CFT and ELISA methodologies during the postexposure time period used to detect CEM serodiagnostically in regulatory animal health testing programs. Unlike the CFT, which requires an overnight incubation step, the ELISAs are more convenient and can be completed in 3 hours.  相似文献   

Sexual performance of rams reared with or without females after weaning   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

L S Katz  E O Price  S J Wallach  J J Zenchak 《Journal of animal science》1988,66(5):1166-1173

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of postweaning exposure to females on the subsequent sexual performance of young rams. Twenty-five crossbred rams were reared in a group with ovariectomized females from 4.5 to 9 mo of age. Ewes were brought into estrus every 2 wk during this period. A companion group of 23 crossbred rams was not exposed to females following weaning. Four 30-min sexual performance tests were administered at 10 mo of age. Rams reared with males and females (RMF) exhibited more mounts (P less than .001) and more ejaculations (P less than .002) than rams reared only with males (RM). The frequency of successful matings by the latter group did not increase with experience. Nine rams were sexually inactive in the sexual performance tests. Follow-up tests revealed that two of the RMF rams and one RM ram developed and maintained a sexual preference for males. The six remaining rams eventually mated with females when tested in familiar pens and subsequently exhibited normal levels of sexual performance even when tested in an unfamiliar enclosure. Exposure to ewes during the postweaning prepubertal period enhanced sexual performance. However, early exposure to females did not ensure that all males developed sexual preferences for females. The environmental context in which sexual performance tests are administered may inhibit the expression of heterosexual behavior in a small percentage of animals. After heterosexual behavior was expressed, the rams continued to show normal levels of sexual performance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

Improved diagnosis of virulent ovine footrot using the intA gene     

Cheetham BF  Tanjung LR  Sutherland M  Druitt J  Green G  McFarlane J  Bailey GD  Seaman JT  Katz ME 《Veterinary microbiology》2006,116(1-3):166-174

Footrot is a mixed bacterial infection of the hooves of sheep. The gram-negative anaerobic bacterium Dichelobacter nodosus is the principal causative agent, with different strains causing diseases of different severity, ranging from benign to virulent. In Australia, in the state of New South Wales (NSW), only virulent footrot is subject to regulatory action, including quarantine. However, it is often difficult to distinguish benign footrot from virulent footrot in the initial stages of infection, or under adverse climatic conditions. The gelatin gel test, which measures the thermostability of secreted bacterial proteases, is the laboratory test most widely used in Australia to aid in the differential diagnosis of footrot. The proteases of virulent strains are, in general, more thermostable than the proteases of benign strains. However, there are some false positives in the gelatin gel test, which may lead to unnecessary quarantine procedures. We used Southern blot analysis on 595 isolates of D. nodosus from 124 farms on which sheep had benign or virulent footrot to test for the presence of the intA gene. We found that for D. nodosus strains which are stable in the gelatin gel test, there is a high correlation between the presence of the intA gene and the ability of the strain to cause virulent footrot. We also developed a PCR-based assay for the rapid detection of intA, which can be used to test DNA extracted from colonies grown on plates, or DNA extracted from cotton swabs of culture plates.  相似文献   

Propagation of errors in review articles     

Katz TJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,313(5791):1236

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Structure–activity relationships of eugenol derivatives against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae     

Juliana DF Barbosa  Viviane B Silva  Péricles B Alves  Giuseppe Gumina  Roseli LC Santos  Damião P Sousa  Sócrates CH Cavalcanti 《Pest management science》2012,68(11):1478-1483

BACKGROUND: Dengue fever is a severe public health problem for several countries. In order to find effective larvicides to aid control programs, the structure‐activity relationships of eugenol derivatives against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae were evaluated. Additionally, the composition and larvicidal activity of Syzygium aromaticum essential oil was assessed. RESULTS: Four compounds representing 99.05% of S. aromaticum essential oil have been identified. The essential oil was active against Ae. aegypti larvae (LC₅₀ = 62.3 and 77.0 ppm, field‐collected and Rockefeller larvae respectively). The larvicidal activity of eugenol, the major compound of the essential oil, was further evaluated (LC₅₀ = 93.3 and 71.9 ppm, field‐collected and Rockefeller larvae respectively). The larvicidal activity and structure‐activity relationships of synthetic derivatives of eugenol were also assessed. The larvicidal activity of the derivatives varied between 62.3 and 1614.9 ppm. Oxidation of eugenol allylic bond to a primary alcohol and removal of the phenolic proton resulted in decreased potency. However, oxidation of the same double bond in 1‐benzoate‐2‐methoxy‐4‐(2‐propen‐1‐yl)‐phenol resulted in increased potency. CONCLUSION: Structural characteristics were identified that may contribute to the understanding of the larvicidal activity of phenylpropanoids. The present approach may help future work in the search for larvicidal compounds. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Assessing obesity in adult dogs and cats presenting for routine vaccination appointments in the North Island of New Zealand using electronic medical records data     

MC Gates  S Zito  LC Harvey  A Dale  JK Walker 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2019,67(3):126-133

Aims: To assess the prevalence of obesity in adult dogs and cats presented to first-opinion veterinary clinics in the North Island of New Zealand for routine vaccination appointments, using electronic medical records.

Methods: Ten first-opinion veterinary clinics across the North Island of New Zealand provided electronic medical records for all routine vaccination appointments for adult (>1 year old) dogs and cats between 1 January 2011 and 30 June 2016. Animals with a body condition score (BCS) of 6 or 7 on a 9-point scale and 4 on a 5-point scale were classified as overweight; those with a BCS of 8 or 9 on a 9-point scale and 5 on a 5-point scale were classified as obese. A total of 106,144 records were available over the study period, of which 48,041 (45.2%) had both a recorded weight and BCS.

Results: Of the 24,247 records for dogs with both BCS and weight, 6,324 (26.1%) were classified as overweight, and 551 (2.3%) as obese. The prevalence of dogs classified as overweight or obese was highest in dogs aged between 5–13 years. The odds of desexed dogs being classified as overweight or obese was greater than the odds for intact dogs (OR=1.42 (95% CI=1.29–1.57), p<0.001) adjusting for the effects of age. Of the 23,794 records for cats with a recorded weight and BCS, 5,222 (21.9%) were classified as overweight, and 622 (2.6%) as obese. The prevalence of cats classified as overweight or obese was highest in cats aged between 5–11 years. The odds of desexed cats being classified as overweight or obese tended to be greater than the odds for intact cats (OR=1.14 (95% CI=0.98–1.31); p=0.075), adjusting for the effects of age.

Conclusions: Although there are limitations with using electronic medical records to estimate the prevalence of obesity in companion animal populations, the results highlight that a significant number of animals presenting for routine vaccination appointments were classified as overweight or obese.

Clinical Relevance: It is important for veterinarians to record both patient body condition and weight during routine preventative care appointments to allow accurate ongoing monitoring of trends in obesity at both the patient and population levels.

Abbreviations: BCS: Body condition score  相似文献   

Intravaginal impedance and sexual behavior of ovariectomized goats given estrogen alone or in combination with progesterone     

Imwalle DB  Lehrer AR  Katz LS 《Journal of animal science》2007,85(8):1908-1913

Intravaginal impedance (IVI) fluctuates during the goat estrous cycle. To understand which ovarian steroids are responsible for IVI changes and whether IVI variations are associated with precopulatory and copulatory behaviors, 8 ovariectomized females were assigned to 4 treatments in a 4 x 4 Latin square replicated over four 8-d periods. The treatments were as follows: progesterone plus estradiol-17beta (P4 + E2), oil plus estradiol-17beta (E2), progesterone plus oil (P4), or oil (OIL). Daily IVI measurements at the vagino-cervical junction were taken at 1 and 70 KHz. Progesterone was given on d 2 and 3. Estradiol was given in the evening of d 5. On d 1 to 8, goats were group-exposed to a sexually experienced male and observed for the expression of sexual behaviors. On d 6 and 7, IVI was less when goats received P4 + E2 or E2 compared with goats given P4 or OIL (P < 0.05). Impedance measured at 1 kHz tended to remain lower on d 8 in P4 + E2-treated females compared with those given P4 or OIL (P < 0.055). Like previous results, P4 + E2 or E2 treatment induced behavioral estrus; 5 of 8 P4 + E2-treated and 5 of 8 E2-treated females were sexually receptive on d 6. On d 7, although IVI remained low and 2 of 8 P4 + E2-treated goats and 4 of 8 E2-treated goats remained sexually receptive, no additional females were in estrus. No IVI decreases and no estrous behavior were observed in goats given P4 or OIL. This experiment demonstrated that E2 initiates the periestrous drop in IVI, and P4 may delay baseline return.  相似文献   

Fertilizing Capacity of Frozen Epididymal Sperm Collected from Dogs     

MIM Martins  LC Padilha  FF Souza  MD Lopes 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2009,44(S2):342-344

The collection of epididymal sperm may be a valuable tool for canine reproduction especially since it can enable collection of cells after death of a valuable dog. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the viability of epididymal sperm after freeze-thawing. Epididymides were obtained from four adult dogs by elective orchiectomy. The caudal portion of the epididymides and part of the deferential ducts were squeezed by means of an anatomic clamp into a Petri dish containing either 0.9% saline solution (Group 1) or Ringer solution without lactate (Group 2). Samples were centrifuged at 800 ×  g for 10 min, the supernatant was removed and the pellet was diluted in one step with a Tris/citric acid/OEP (Orvus Es Paste) extender containing 7% glycerol and subjected to semen freezing. Oocytes were obtained from canine ovaries, after ovariohysterectomy. Only oocytes that were approximately 100 μm in diameter, with a dark ooplasm surrounded by three- or four-well formed cumulus cell layers were used for sperm testing. Frozen semen samples were thawed in a water bath at 70°C for 8 s and analysed at room temperature for sperm motility and velocity. Oocytes were incubated with spermatozoa in humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO₂ at 38°C for 18 h. Morphological and functional characteristics of spermatozoa were similar in both groups. However, the percentage of sperm cells bound to oocytes was significantly higher in Group 2 than in Group 1. This result suggests that the Ringer solution without lactate was a more suitable medium for collecting epididymal canine sperm than 0.9% saline.  相似文献