Managing expectations: the art of finding and keeping loyal clients     

Baker SK 《Journal of veterinary medical education》2008,35(1):1-5

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Prevalence of Multi-Drug-Resistant Salmonella in Equids Maintained by Low Income Individuals and on Designated Equine Farms in India     

B.R. Singh PhD  N. Babu MVSc  J. Jyoti MVSc  H. Shankar PhD  T.V. Vijo BVSc  AH  R.K. Agrawal PhD  M. Chandra PhD  D. Kumar MVSc  A. Teewari MVSc 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2007,27(6):266-276

We examined 872 equids (445 maintained by low-income individuals and 427 maintained on nine designated equine farms) and, using previously described methods for bacteria, isolated Salmonella from fecal samples of 59 (6.77%) animals. Of the 646 horses, 183 donkeys, and 43 mules that had feces cultured for Salmonella, 42 (6.5%), 7 (3.8%), and 10 (23.3%), respectively, were excreting Salmonella strains in feces. Six horse mares were excreting Salmonella enterica of two different serovars simultaneously. A total of 65 Salmonella enterica isolates belonged to 13 serovars, namely S. paratyphi B var Java (14), S. I. 4, 5, 12, 27: r, i: 1, 5 (11), S. Drogana (8), S. Newport (7), S. Saintpaul (5), S. Lagos (4), S. Typhimurium (5), S. Kottbus (3), S. Bovismorbificans (3), S. Dumfries (2), S. Tshiongwe (1) S. Weltevreden (monophasic) (1), and S. enterica ssp salamae (1). With Salmonella-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using hisJ gene primers, 107 (12.3) fecal samples yielded a specific amplicon of 496 bp. On using PCR, prevalence of Salmonella in donkeys, horses, and mules was 4.9%, 10.8%, and 65.1%, respectively. With both methods of Salmonella detection in feces, prevalence was significantly higher in female than in male donkeys and horses. Salmonella shedding in feces was significantly higher in equids maintained by low-income people than those at designated equine farms. Almost all Salmonella isolates (63 of 65) had multiple-drug-resistance (MDR, resistance to three or more drugs). Salmonella isolates were commonly resistant to sulfamethoxazole (90.8%), tetracycline (70.8%), doxycycline (67.7%), furazolidone (66.2%), and colistin (55.4%). A few isolates had resistance to trimethoprim (3.1%), ciprofloxacin (3.1%), ceftriaxone (3.1%), ceftazidime (3.1%), cefoperazone (3.1%), chloramphenicol (4.6%), cefotaxime (6.2%), gentamicin (9.2%), ampicillin + cloxacillin (9.2%), cotrimoxazole (13.8%), kanamycin (13.8%), amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (16.9%), imipenem (16.9%), ampicillin (18.5%), amikacin (23.1%), neomycin (27.7%), nalidixic acid (33.8%), and streptomycin (36.9%). With the exception of 13 Salmonella isolates of S. Drogana (4), S. Newport (4), S. I. 4, 5, 12, 27: r, i: 1, 5 (4) and S. Kottbus (1) serovars, all had one or more than one plasmid. Molecular weight of plasmids ranged between 3 kDa and >87 kDa. One heavy plasmid (≥87 kda) was present in all the 52 plasmid-positive strains. Presence of plasmid could not be correlated with MDR in Salmonella isolates from equids.  相似文献   

Fertility Results of Artificial Inseminations Performed with Liquid Boar Semen Stored in X-Cell^TM vs BTS Extender     

T Haugan  AH Gaustad  O Reksen  YT Gröhn  PO Hofmo 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2007,42(1):94-99

The objective of the present field study was to compare the fertility results for boar semen diluted in X-cell stored up to 4-5 days before artificial insemination (AI) with semen diluted in Beltsville thawing solution (BTS) used for AI following 2-3 days of storage (where the first day being the collection day). A total number of 2601 double inseminations in Norwegian herds were included in this two-trial study. All the boars used in the study were mature cross-bred Norwegian Landrace x Duroc (LD), which were routinely used for AI in Norway. The inseminated gilts and sows were Norwegian Landrace x Yorkshire (LY). The AI doses contained 2.5 billion spermatozoa, and consisted of a mixture of semen from three, occasionally four, boars (i.e. heterospermic semen). Fertility was measured in terms of the likelihood of farrowing and subsequent litter size. The fertility of the semen in both of the extenders was satisfactory and no significant differences were found either in semen stored 4-5 days in X-cell compared with 2-3 days in BTS or in semen stored 2-3 days in X-cell compared with 2-3 days in BTS. The storage capability findings for the long-term extender X-cell could significantly simplify the practical issues of semen production and the distribution of AI doses containing 2.5 billion spermatozoa. However, in pig production systems where all semen is used within 2-3 days, the short-term extender BTS is as good as the more expensive extender X-cell.  相似文献   

Studies of naturally transmitted feline leukemia virus infection.     

N C Pedersen  G Theilen  M A Keane  L Fairbanks  T Mason  B Orser  C H Che  C Allison 《American journal of veterinary research》1977,38(10):1523-1531

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Plesiomonas shigelloides--an uncommon cause of diarrhoea in cats?     

Jagger T  Keane S  Robertson S 《The Veterinary record》2000,146(10):296

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内蒙古阿拉善荒漠啮齿动物群落结构及其多样性研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

武晓东  阿娟  付和平 《草地学报》2003,11(4):312-316

对内蒙古阿拉善荒漠区啮齿动物群落结构和多样性进行了研究。依据样地种多度(捕获率)聚类方法,并结合生境中地带性植被类型的综合特征,该荒漠区啮齿动物可划分为6个地带性群落。Ⅰ.小毛足鼠(Phodopus roborovskii)+三趾跳鼠(Dipus sagitta)+子午沙鼠(Meriones meridianus)群落。Ⅱ.长尾仓鼠(Cricetulus longicaudatus)+大林姬鼠(Apodemus speciosus)群落。Ⅲ.五趾跳鼠(Allactaga sibirica)+子午沙鼠(Meriones meridianus)+三趾跳鼠(Dipus sagitta)群落。Ⅳ.三趾跳鼠(Dipus sagitta)+小毛足鼠(Phodopus roborovskii)+子午沙鼠(Meriones meridianus)群落。Ⅴ.长耳跳鼠(Euchoreutes naso)+五趾跳鼠(Allactaga sibirica)群落。Ⅵ.子午沙鼠(Meriones meridianus)+黑线仓鼠(Cricetulus barabensis)群落。其中群落Ⅲ多样性指数最高,为2.0557;群落I与群落IV的相似性系数最大,为0.5147;群落Ⅲ具有代表性。该荒漠区啮齿类数量与生境中的土壤水分、土壤基质呈显著正相关;与建群植物种数呈显著负相关;而与生境的海拔高度相关性极低。  相似文献   

Restoring fire-prone Inland Pacific landscapes: seven core principles     

Paul F. Hessburg  Derek J. Churchill  Andrew J. Larson  Ryan D. Haugo  Carol Miller  Thomas A. Spies  Malcolm P. North  Nicholas A. Povak  R. Travis Belote  Peter H. Singleton  William L. Gaines  Robert E. Keane  Gregory H. Aplet  Scott L. Stephens  Penelope Morgan  Peter A. Bisson  Bruce E. Rieman  R. Brion Salter  Gordon H. Reeves 《Landscape Ecology》2015,30(10):1805-1835

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Marking to weaning production aspects of lambs provided with NSAID analgesia compared with lambs receiving no analgesia at the time of elastrator ring marking     

AH Small  S Belson  H Brewer  SM Schmoelzl 《Australian veterinary journal》2021,99(1-2):40-43

The provision of analgesia at the time of marking has been adopted by the Australian sheep industry, but data on production benefits are lacking. In the current study, alternate lambs were provided with either meloxicam (non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug [NSAID], n = 781) or no analgesia (NONE, n = 822) at the time of ring castration and tail docking. Six distinct management groups of lambs were studied. Lambs were weighed immediately before marking and then again at weaning. There was no significant effect of treatment on average daily gain between marking and weaning in cross‐bred lambs. In Merino lambs, average daily gain was 5 g/day lower (P < 0.005) in lambs receiving NSAID, but this may not be biologically significant. Lamb losses were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the NSAID group (1.1%) than in the NONE group (2.7%). This observation is worth validating in larger studies, particularly considering that lamb mortality is a significant cost to production and welfare concern.  相似文献   

Ureide production by N₂-fixing and non-N₂-fixing leguminous trees     

C. Van Kessel  J. P. Roskoski  K. Keane 《Soil biology & biochemistry》1988,20(6):891-897

Xylem-sap and stem and leaf extracts from 35 species, comprising 14 genera, of leguminous trees were analyzed for ureides, nitrate and -amino acids. Trees were either inoculated with Rhizobium or fertilized with NH₄NO₃. The dominant form of soluble N in stem and leaf extracts and xylem sap was 2-amino acids. Certain non-N₂-fixing species, i.e. Tamarindus indica and Adenantherapavonina, produced significant amounts of ureides. Several N₂-fixing species. Mimosa scabrella, Sesbania grandiflora. Acacia mearnsii and Gliricida sepium, grown on mineral-N had higher absolute amounts of ureides in both extracts and exudates than did most nodulated species. Nodulated A. meamsii and S. grandiflora, had the highest amounts of ureides in xylem sap. The relative abundance of ureides in stem and leaf extracts was lower than in xylem sap, but was correlated. Results indicated that the presence of ureides, per se, was not a reliable indicator of N₂-fixing activity. Moreover, the relative abundance of ureides in most of the species tested was too low to use as a presumptive test for, or as a means of, estimating N₂ fixation.  相似文献   

Resistance of nineteen cultivars of subterranean clover to four races of Phytophthora clandestina     

Agus Purwantara  Sze P. Flett  Philip J. Keane 《Euphytica》1996,91(3):351-358

Summary The resistance of 19 cultivars of subterranean clover was screened against 4 races of P. clandestina by mycelial inoculation of roots of 10-day-old seedlings growing in water agar and by growing seedlings in pasteurised potting mix containing infested vermiculite in controlled conditions. The cultivars showed differential resistance (vertical resistance) to races of the pathogen and can be divided into 4 resistance groups. Cultivars Clare, Esperance, Green Range, Junee, Mount Barker, Rosedale, Woogenellup and Yarloop were susceptible to all races. Cultivars Bacchus Marsh, Denmark, Enfield, Gosse, Goulburn, Karridale, Larisa, Leura and Trikkala were susceptible to races 1 and 3, but resistant to races 0 and 2. Cultivar Meteora was susceptible to races 2 and 3, but resistant to races 0 and 1. Cultivar Seaton Park (LF) was resistant to all races. Cultivars also varied in their race-non-specific (horizontal) resistance: cultivars that were susceptible to particular races usually varied in their degree of susceptibility to those races. In particular, Junee was more resistant to all four races than the other cultivars within its group. Similarly, cultivars Gosse, Larisa, Denmark and Trikkala were more resistant to races 1 and 3 than the other cultivars in their group. Races of the pathogen varied in their aggressiveness as well as in their virulence, as shown by the variation in aggressiveness of different isolates of race 0.  相似文献