Effects of annual applications of sodium azide on soil fungal populations with emphasis on Trichoderma species     

Walter D. Kelley  Rodriguez Rodriguez-Kabana 《Pest management science》1981,12(3):235-244

The effect of a granular formulation of sodium azide, applied annually to pine nursery beds at rates of 0, 67.2, and 134.5 kg a. i. ha^?1 under water seal or plastic seal, on soil fungal populations was determined over a 3-year period. Populations of fungi in the soil decreased following application of the sodium azide each year; the greatest decrease occurred at the highest rate of application. Populations of fungi in soil treated with the azide generally remained lower than in the controls throughout each of the 3 years; however, the population disparity between treated and control plots decreased in magnitude with each succeeding year. Populations of Trichoderma spp., in plots treated with 134.5 kg sodium azide ha^?1, increased 2 weeks after treatment each year, and the population peaks increased in magnitude each year. In addition the effect of sodium azide (technical grade > 99%) at concentrations of 0, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 50 μg ml^?1 in potato dextrose agar and blackstrap molasses agar media was determined in vitro for 14 isolates of Trichoderma harzianum. Growth and sporulation differed among the isolates and between the two media tested. Generally, the azide temporarily inhibited growth of the fungi, but the majority of the isolates were able to grow on either medium containing 50 μg sodium azide ml^?1, although sporulation was more profuse on the molasses than on the potato dextrose agar medium.  相似文献   

Induction of IL-2 and lymphokine activated killer cells in the cat   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

M B Tompkins  G K Ogilvie  R A Franklin  K W Kelley  W A Tompkins 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》1987,16(1-2):1-10

We have described the use of a cloned murine IL-2-dependent T-cell line to directly measure feline IL-2. Concanavalin A stimulated feline peripheral blood lymphocytes produced an IL-2-rich supernatant that supported the growth of this murine IL-2-dependent T-cell line. In addition to producing IL-2, Con A stimulated killer cells in PBL were cytotoxic for the FeLV transformed tumor cell line FL74. Incubating feline PBL with a cocktail of the calcium ionophore A23187 and phorbol ester also led to the generation of cytotoxic cells as well as the production of high levels of IL-2. Finally, IL-2-rich supernatant was able to stimulate cytotoxic activity in PBL from normal cats.  相似文献   

Organochlorine pesticide residues in water, sediment, algae, and fish. Hawaii--1970-71   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

A Bevenue  J W Hylin  Y Kawano  T W Kelley 《Pesticides monitoring journal》1972,6(1):56-64

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Evaluation of selected commercial thyroid function tests in dogs     

S T Kelley  F W Oehme  S B Hoffman 《American journal of veterinary research》1974,35(5):733-736

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Hypothalamo-hypophysial and ovarian characteristics of gilts fed methallibure     

F Stormshak  W E Leverage  H E Kelley  R J Gerrits  B E Howland 《Journal of animal science》1970,30(4):556-560

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Soil and agronomic factors associated with cadmium accumulations in kidneys of grazing sheep     

PW MORCOMBE  DS PETTERSON  PJ ROSS†  JR EDWARDS 《Australian veterinary journal》1994,71(12):404-406

SUMMARY Mean concentration of cadmium (Cd) in kidneys of hogget sheep from 67 flocks grazing in the Agricultural Region of Western Australia was tested for association with soil, pastoral, climatic and nutritional factors. Hoggets grazing pastures on acidic soils and soils with a sandy-textured surface had higher Cd concentrations in kidneys than hoggets grazing pastures on more alkaline soils or soils with a clay-textured surface. Application of more than 100 kg of phosphatic fertiliser during the past 3 years to loamy soils was also associated with greater Cd concentration in kidneys of the grazing animals.  相似文献   

Effect of meniscal release on rate of subsequent meniscal tears and owner-assessed outcome in dogs with cruciate disease treated with tibial plateau leveling osteotomy     

Thieman KM  Tomlinson JL  Fox DB  Cook C  Cook JL 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2006,35(8):705-710

OBJECTIVE: To determine and compare rates of meniscal tears after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) among 3 groups of dogs based on treatment method: arthrotomy with meniscal release (openR), arthrotomy without meniscal release (openNR), arthroscopy without meniscal release (scopeNR), and compare long term owner-assessed outcomes for the same groups. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SAMPLE POPULATION: Stifles (n=254) of dogs that had TPLO. METHODS: The three groups were compared for significant (P<.05) differences in rate of subsequent tears using a chi(2) test. Odds ratios for likelihood of subsequent meniscal tears were determined. Data for signalment, outcome, time to peak function, and time to subsequent tear were compared for significant differences using ANOVA, t-test, or rank sum test. RESULTS: Subsequent meniscal tears were diagnosed in 16 cases (6.3%). Of dogs with subsequent meniscal tears, 9 had openNR, 4 had openR, and 3 had scopeNR; the proportion of subsequent meniscal tears was significantly different (P=.035) among groups. Odds ratio indicated that subsequent meniscal tear was 3.8 times more likely to occur for openNR than openR or scopeNR. No significant differences among groups were noted for measures of outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Meniscal release did not reduce the rate of subsequent meniscal tears when compared with cases treated arthroscopically or when compared with all cases combined, but may be advantageous when meniscal pathology cannot be comprehensively assessed in the cranial cruciate deficient stifle. Meniscal release had no effects on owner-assessed outcome as determined in this study. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The low rates of subsequent meniscal tears in conjunction with the relatively high and equivocal levels of owner-assessed outcome and time to peak function for all 3 treatment groups suggest that any of these surgical management strategies can be considered acceptable. We suggest that a meniscal release be performed when complete and thorough exploration of the joint and meniscus cannot be, or are not, performed.  相似文献   

The community benefits of farm safety day camps     

McCallum DM  Reynolds SJ  Kelley SC  Conaway MB  Braune J 《Journal of agricultural safety and health》2006,12(4):335-348

In addition to the direct impact of a farm safety day camp on its participants' knowledge and safety awareness, there are extended and indirect effects that occur through the wider dispersion of information and the involvement and cooperation of community members. Reports completed by 228 coordinators of farm safety day camps, report forms completed by 5,037 volunteers at farm safety day camps, and telephone interviews with 924 parents of farm safety day camp participants were analyzed for evidence of the impact of the camps beyond the immediate knowledge gained by the children who participated. These data indicate that the indirect benefits to a community include enhanced safety awareness within the wider community as children and adult volunteers disseminate the information they learned, as well as enhanced community strength and cohesiveness resulting from the cooperation of many individuals and organizations in achieving a common goal.  相似文献   

Illusions promote mating success in great bowerbirds     

Kelley LA  Endler JA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,335(6066):335-338

Sexual selection studies normally compare signal strengths, but signal components and sensory processing may interact to create misleading or attention-capturing illusions. Visual illusions can be produced by altering object and scene geometry in ways that trick the viewer when seen from a particular direction. Male great bowerbirds actively maintain size-distance gradients of objects on their bower courts that create forced-perspective illusions for females viewing their displays from within the bower avenue. We show a significant relationship between mating success and the female's view of the gradient; this view explains substantially more variance in mating success than the strength of the gradients. Illusions may be widespread in other animals because males of most species display to females with characteristic orientation and distance, providing excellent conditions for illusions.  相似文献   

Comparison of short-term complication rates between dogs and cats undergoing appositional single-layer or inverting double-layer cystotomy closure: 144 cases (1993-2010)     

Thieman-Mankin KM  Ellison GW  Jeyapaul CJ  Glotfelty-Ortiz CS 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2012,240(1):65-68

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