Phylogeny of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae Inferred from Mitochondrial Small Subunit, Elongation Factor 1-alpha, and Nuclear Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer Sequence Data     

Mbofung GY  Hong SG  Pryor BM 《Phytopathology》2007,97(1):87-98

ABSTRACT Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae, causal agent of Fusarium wilt of lettuce, is a serious pathogen recently reported in Arizona. Sequence analysis of the mitochondrial small subunit (mtSSU), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF-1alpha) gene, and the nuclear ribosomal DNA intergenic spacer (IGS) region was conducted to resolve relationships among f. sp. lactucae isolates, F. oxysporum isolates from other hosts, and local non-pathogenic isolates. Analysis of mtSSU sequences provided limited phylogenetic resolution and did not differentiate the lactucae isolates from 13 other F. oxysporum isolates. Analysis of EF-1alpha sequences resulted in moderate resolution, grouping seven formae speciales with the lactucae isolates. Analysis of the IGS region revealed numerous sequence polymorphisms among F. oxysporum formae speciales consisting of insertions, deletions, and single nucleotide transitions and substitutions. Repeat sequence analysis revealed several duplicated subrepeat units that were distributed across much of the region. Based on analysis of the IGS sequence data, lactucae race 1 isolates resolved as a monophyletic group with three other formae speciales of F. oxysporum. In all analyses, lactucae race 2 isolates composed a separate lineage that was phylo-genetically distinct and distantly related to the lactucae race 1 isolates.  相似文献   

Molecular Characterization and Diagnosis of QoI Resistance in Cucumber and Eggplant Fungal Pathogens     

Ishii H  Yano K  Date H  Furuta A  Sagehashi Y  Yamaguchi T  Sugiyama T  Nishimura K  Hasama W 《Phytopathology》2007,97(11):1458-1466

ABSTRACT The molecular mechanism of QoI fungicide resistance was studied using isolates of cucumber Corynespora leaf spot fungus (Corynespora cassiicola) and the eggplant leaf mold (Mycovellosiella nattrassii). In both pathogens, a mutation at position 143 from glycine to alanine (G143A) was detected in the cytochrome b gene that encodes for the fungicide-targeted protein. Moreover, the nucleotide sequence at amino acid position 143 was converted from GGT or GGA in sensitive (wild-type) to GCT or GCA in resistant (mutant-type) isolates. The methods of polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism commonly used for QoI resistance monitoring were employed successfully, leading to the amplified gene fragment from resistant isolates being cut with the restriction enzyme ItaI. However, heteroplasmy (the coexistence of wild-type and mutated alleles) was found when the resistant isolates of C. cassiicola, M. nattrassii, and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (strawberry anthracnose fungus) were subcultured in the presence or absence of QoI fungicides. QoI resistance of cucumber powdery and downy mildew isolates persisted for a few years following the removal of the selection pressure imposed by the fungicide under both laboratory and commercial greenhouse conditions. The proportion of mutated sequences in cytochrome b gene decreased over time in the pathogen population. The protective efficacy of the full dose of azoxystrobin decreased when the populations of powdery and downy mildews contained resistant isolates at 10%. Using FMBIO, a fluorescence bio-imaging analyzer, the mutant allele from the QoI-resistant isolates could be detected at the level of 1%, whereas the detection sensitivity of ethidium-bromide-stained gels was approximately 10 times lower.  相似文献   

伞花木1年生播种苗生长节律研究     

廖海红  代丽华  孔小丽  梁跃武  吴勇  林智红  梁跃龙 《江西林业科技》2021,49(3):11-14

为掌握伞花木1年生播种苗的年生长规律,为伞花木苗木的高效培育提供科学依据,本文采用Logistic生长曲线方程对伞花木1年生播种苗的苗高与地径生长进行拟合,相关系数分别为0.995和0.997,均达极显著水平.根据伞花木1年生播种苗的实际观测值建立动态生长模型,并将其播种苗1年生长过程划分为出苗期、生长初期、生长盛期、生长后期.苗高的速生期为6月中旬-8月下旬,地径速生期为6月上旬-9月上旬,地径速生期比苗高速生期提早20 d结束,地径用46.67％的生长时间完成了65.43％的生长量.1年生苗木地上部分粗壮、地下部分具深根性,其根可深达土层32.92 cm处,且侧根数量较多,分布广.  相似文献   

别里库姆沙漠胡杨与胡杨回涡沙丘形态特征间的关系     

孔霄  来风兵  陈蜀江  朱选 《东北林业大学学报》2021,49(1):80-85

为了探究影响胡杨(Populus euphratica)回涡沙丘发育的主导树木因子和影响胡杨生长的沙丘因子,以别里库姆沙漠为研究区,采用无人机航拍与影像解译法获取胡杨与胡杨回涡沙丘的形态参数,并结合相关统计分析法从定量角度对胡杨与胡杨回涡沙丘的形态特征间的关系进行分析。结果表明:(1)胡杨回涡沙丘以胡杨为中心,整体形状类似"n"形。胡杨形态参数的大小与胡杨回涡沙丘形态参数的大小基本保持一致。(2)胡杨的形态特征与胡杨回涡沙丘的形态特征具有显著的相关关系,胡杨的生长和胡杨回涡沙丘的发育之间存在协同变化趋势。(3)胡杨株高和冠幅是影响胡杨回涡沙丘的主导树木因子,影响胡杨的主导沙丘因子分别是沙丘表面积、体积、周长、丘体长度。  相似文献   

重金属铜铅对2种凤尾鸡冠花品种种子萌发的影响     

高东菊  张凤娥  孔德颖  鲍文敏  张微微 《东北林业大学学报》2021,49(2):36-40

以‘和服’、‘红塔山’2个品种凤尾鸡冠花(Celosia plumose‘Kimono’;Celosia plumose‘Hongta’)种子为研究对象,经2种重金属(Cu2+、Pb2+)不同质量浓度梯度(50、200、350、500 mg/L)的处理,测定各处理种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、胚根长度,计算种子耐金属胁迫的适宜重金属质量浓度、半致死重金属质量浓度、极限重金属质量浓度;分析2种重金属胁迫对2种凤尾鸡冠花种子萌发的影响、凤尾鸡冠花适应重金属质量浓度范围。结果表明:(1)随着处理液Cu2+质量浓度的升高,凤尾鸡冠花的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数逐渐呈降低趋势。处理液质量浓度为50 mg/L时,Pb2+的胁迫对凤尾鸡冠花种子的各项萌发指标有所升高,表现为低促高抑;Cu2+胁迫对凤尾鸡冠花种子的毒害作用较Pb2+更强。(2)在处理液质量浓度为500 mg/L时,经Cu2+、Pb2+胁迫的凤尾鸡冠花种子仍分别有60%、70%以上的发芽率,说明凤尾鸡冠花种子对2种重金属具有一定耐受性,‘红塔山’种子的耐受性略高于‘和服’种子的耐受性。(3)重金属Cu2+对种子胚根的抑制作用十分显著。处理液质量浓度为50 mg/L时,Cu2+胁迫使凤尾鸡冠花根尖受害显著。低质量浓度Pb2+胁迫时凤尾鸡冠花胚根子叶发育正常;处理液质量浓度为200 mg/L至更高,Pb2+胁迫时胚根的生长显著受到抑制,出现胚根停止生长、变黑、腐烂的现象。Cu2+对2种凤尾鸡冠花种子萌发的抑制较强,Pb2+在低质量浓度时表现出促进发芽的作用。  相似文献   

云南降水的5个统计指标及其空间分布     

刘有梅  王龙  余航  和梅辉  高瑞  王葵 《中国农村水利水电》2021,(3)

利用云南29个气象站1960-2014年的日降水数据,计算集中指数(Concentration Index,CI)、降水集中指数(Precipitation Concentration Index,PCI)、降水集中度(Precipitation Concentration Degree,PCD)、降水集中期(Precipitation Concentration Period,PCP)、变差系数(Coefficient of Variation,CV)5个统计指标,分析了各指标之间的关系,并讨论了各指标的空间分布。结果表明:(1)CI介于0.62~0.71之间,平均为0.67,日降水高度集中。CI与年降水量、降水日数的相关系数分别为-0.50、-0.93,具有显著的负相关关系(α=0.05),年降水量和降水日数较少的地区,CI较大。CI与经度的相关系数为0.64,具有显著的正相关关系(α=0.05)。(2)PCI介于11.95~21.48之间,其中,3%的站点降水高度集中,52%的站点降水集中,45%的站点降水中度集中。PCD介于0.30~0.74之间,滇西北和滇东南地区的PCD较小。PCP的分析结果表明,云南降水主要集中在7、8月份。(3)CI和PCI、PCD分别关注降水的等级分布和集中程度,PCP则关注集中的时间段。PCI与PCD的空间分布情况基本上是一致的,且二者的相关系数为0.90,具有显著的正相关关系(α=0.05),故二者在一定程度上可以相互替换。采用CI、PCI和PCP 3种指标可以较好地描述降水的年内等级分布、集中程度和集中时段。(4)CV介于0.11~0.21之间,降水的年际变化随着纬度的减小、年降水量的增多呈减小的趋势,相关系数分别为0.39、-0.74;而年降水量随着海拔和纬度的升高呈下降的趋势,相关系数分别为-0.45、-0.53。  相似文献   

The bioactivity of gonadotropin releasing hormones and its regulation in the gilthead seabream,Sparus aurata: in vivo andin vitro studies     

Y. Zohar  A. Goren  M. Tosky  G. Pagelson  D. Leibovitz  Y. Koch 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1989,7(1-6):59-67

Thein vivo andin vitro potency of native and modified forms of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) to release gonadotropin (GtH) was studied inSparus aurata and correlated with their relative susceptibility to degradation by cytosolic-bound enzymes of the pituitary, kidney, and liver. Salmon (s) GnRH and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) are equipotent whereas analogs of these peptides ((D-Arg⁶-Pro⁹NET)-sGnRH, (D-Ala⁶-Pro⁹NET)-LHRH, (D-Trp⁶)-LHRH) are superactive in inducingin vivo GtH release (at 10 μg/kg body weight). In anin vitro superfusion system of pituitary fragments all analogs are equipotent to the native peptides (at 10⁻¹⁰ to 2.5 × 10⁻⁷M). sGnRH and LHRH are rapidly degraded by cytosolic peptidases of the pituitary, liver, and kidney. The preferred site of cleavage is the Tyr⁵-Gly⁶ bond. Substitution of the position 6 glycine by D-amino acids renders the 5–6 bond resistant to degradation and shifts the main site of cleavage to the Pro⁹-Gly¹⁰NH₂ bond. Substitution at position 6 (as above) and at position 10 with Pro⁹NET results in analogs that are resistant to degradation. We propose that enzymatic cleavage terminates GnRH bioactivityin vivo and thus increased resistance to degradation is a major determinant of GnRH analog superactivity.  相似文献   

Hormonal changes during meiotic maturation and ovulation in the brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)     

Frederick W. Goetz  Alexis Y. Fostier  Bernard Breton  Bernard Jalabert 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1987,3(4):203-211

The plasma levels of estradiol-17 (E2), 17, 20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20-P) and gonadotropin (GTH) were measured in brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) during the period from the end of vitellogenesis to postovulation. Blood samples were taken according to specific stages of maturation, including germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and ovulation. E2 levels were quite high (45 ng/ml) at the end of vitellogenesis (and prior to GVBD) and dropped precipitously by GVBD (2 ng/ml). They remained low through ovulation and postovulation. 17,20-P levels were low prior to GVBD (0.7 ng/ml) and increased dramatically at GVBD (148 ng/ml). The levels of 17,20-P remained high at ovulation (142 ng/ml) and then dropped significantly within 24 h to approximately half of the ovulatory values. They decreased even further by 7 days postovulation. GTH levels rose gradually through GVBD and ovulation from a postvitellogenic level of approximately 3 ng/ml to a 7 day postovulatory value of approximately 10 ng/ml. The overall results; 1) decrease in estradiol prior to GVBD, 2) increase in 17,20-P at GVBD and 3) gradual GTH rise through GVBD and ovulation, are similar to those reported for other salmonids.  相似文献   

Molecular evolution of angrogen receptors in fish     

V. Douard  M. Robinson-Rechavi  V. Laudet  Y. Guiguen 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2003,28(1-4):207-208

  相似文献   

Advanced broodstock diets for the mangrove red snapper and a potential importance of arachidonic acid in eggs and fry     

Arnil C. Emata  Hiroshi Y. Ogata  Esteban S. Garibay  Hirofumi Furuita 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2003,28(1-4):489-491

Mangrove red snapper fed advanced broodstock diets containing squid meal and squid oil exhibited higher hatching rates, cumulative survival and survival activity index than those fed a basal diet or a basal diet supplemented with mixture of antioxidants. On the other hand, fatty acid analyses of ovaries and fry of wild fish and eggs and larvae of broodstock fed raw fish revealed high arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels and relatively lower eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) levels consequently showing high ARA/EPA and DHA/EPA ratios compared to cold water species. This suggests that ARA may be nutritionally more important for egg and larval development and survival in tropical marine fish and its supplementation in broodstock diets may enhance reproductive performance of mangrove red snapper.  相似文献