Monitoring potato seed lots to control blackleg in fields in Switzerland and southern Germany     

Patrice de Werra  Christoph Kopp  Martin Häberli  Ingo Stöcker  Andrea Keil  Christophe Debonneville  Thomas Oberhänsli  Denise Altenbach  Andreas Keiser 《Plant pathology》2020,69(7):1331-1346

Potato blackleg is a seedborne disease that can cause significant economic losses for growers. Disease development depends mainly on two drivers, namely seed inoculum and local climatic conditions. To better establish the relationship between these two drivers, blackleg development was monitored in Swiss field trials at multiple locations from 2010 to 2013 involving three sets of naturally infected seed lots planted in each of three locations. The seed lot itself was thereby the most important factor explaining differences in disease development, rather than environmental factors. In a further on-farm project conducted at various locations in Switzerland and southern Germany from 2013 to 2015, the implementation of a seed-testing procedure was investigated. A total of 177 seed lots were tested for natural latent infection with soft rot Pectobacteriaceae and the corresponding blackleg incidence was tracked in 242 fields. The reliability of the relationship between latent infection and field incidence was found to be strongly linked to the bacterial species. Dickeya spp. field infection could be predicted with an acceptable reliability, whereas Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense, even when detected as latent tuber infection, was not consistently expressed as visual blackleg. Moreover, commonly found mixed latent infections with several bacterial species made it even harder to predict which bacteria would cause blackleg symptoms. Finally, variability in the reliability of seed testing may also be explained by differences in local farming practices. These trials over several years with naturally infected potato seed highlight the usefulness and limits of seed testing to manage blackleg.  相似文献   

Coelastrella terrestris for Adonixanthin Production: Physiological Characterization and Evaluation of Secondary Carotenoid Productivity     

Philipp Doppler  Ricarda Kriechbaum  Maria Kfer  Julian Kopp  Daniel Remias  Oliver Spadiut 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)

A novel strain of Coelastrella terrestris (Chlorophyta) was collected from red mucilage in a glacier foreland in Iceland. Its morphology showed characteristic single, ellipsoidal cells with apical wart-like wall thickenings. Physiological characterization revealed the presence of the rare keto-carotenoid adonixanthin, as well as high levels of unsaturated fatty acids of up to 85%. Initial screening experiments with different carbon sources for accelerated mixotrophic biomass growth were done. Consequently, a scale up to 1.25 L stirred photobioreactor cultivations yielded a maximum of 1.96 mg·L⁻¹ adonixanthin in free and esterified forms. It could be shown that supplementing acetate to the medium increased the volumetric productivity after entering the nitrogen limitation phase compared to autotrophic control cultures. This study describes a promising way of biotechnological adonixanthin production using Coelastrella terrestris.  相似文献   

EXPERIMENTAL PRODUCTION OF INCREASED INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE     

Koppányi T  Gray PL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1934,80(2071):231-232

  相似文献   

Yield and composition of grape seed oils extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide and petroleum ether: varietal effects     

Beveridge TH  Girard B  Kopp T  Drover JC 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(5):1799-1804

Grape seed has a well-known potential for production of oil as a byproduct of winemaking and is currently produced as a specialty oil byproduct of wine manufacture. Seed oils from eight varieties of grapes crushed for wine production in British Columbia were extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide (SCE) and petroleum ether (PE). Oil yields by SCE ranged from 5.85 +/- 0.33 to 13.6 +/- 0.46% (w/w), whereas PE yields ranged from 6.64 +/- 0.16 to 11.17 +/- 0.05% (+/- is standard deviation). The oils contained alpha-, beta-, and gamma-tocopherols and alpha- and gamma-tocotrienols, with gamma-tocotrienol being most important quantitatively. In both SCE- and PE-extracted oils, phytosterols were a prominent feature of the unsaponifiable fraction, with beta-sitosterol quantitatively most important with both extractants. Total phytosterol extraction was higher with SCE than with PE in seven of eight variety extractions. Fatty acid composition of oils from all varieties tested, and from both extraction methods, indicated linoleic acid as the major component ranging from 67.56 to 73.23% of the fatty acids present, in agreement with literature reports.  相似文献   

Efficacy and safety of ivermectin applied topically to cattle under field conditions in Australia     

JS EAGLESON  OR ALLERTON 《Australian veterinary journal》1992,69(6):133-134

Fifteen controlled field trials were conducted to evaluate the efficacy against gastrointestinal nematodes and safety of ivermectin when applied topically to cattle in Australia. Three hundred and fifty-one cattle received ivermectin, and 88 were untreated controls. The trials were conducted in 3 States and included a variety of cattle breeds and environmental conditions. Faecal samples were collected before treatment and 11 to 14 days after treatment for nematode egg counts. Data from these trials show that under Australian conditions, ivermectin applied along the mid line of the back from the withers to the sacral region at a dose rate of 500 mcg/kg body weight, effectively controlled gastrointestinal nematode infections, and did not produce unacceptable adverse reactions in the animals.  相似文献   

Template bleeding time and thromboxane generation in the horse: effects of three non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

K J Kopp  J N Moore  T D Byars  P Brooks 《Equine veterinary journal》1985,17(4):322-324

  相似文献   

Magnesium deficiency in sterility and calf loss (mineral impoverishment of cows)     

H Brodauf  C Kopp  W Müller  B Schmidt 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》1970,83(6):101-103

  相似文献   

Hematotoxicity in workers exposed to low levels of benzene   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Lan Q  Zhang L  Li G  Vermeulen R  Weinberg RS  Dosemeci M  Rappaport SM  Shen M  Alter BP  Wu Y  Kopp W  Waidyanatha S  Rabkin C  Guo W  Chanock S  Hayes RB  Linet M  Kim S  Yin S  Rothman N  Smith MT 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,306(5702):1774-1776

Benzene is known to have toxic effects on the blood and bone marrow, but its impact at levels below the U.S. occupational standard of 1 part per million (ppm) remains uncertain. In a study of 250 workers exposed to benzene, white blood cell and platelet counts were significantly lower than in 140 controls, even for exposure below 1 ppm in air. Progenitor cell colony formation significantly declined with increasing benzene exposure and was more sensitive to the effects of benzene than was the number of mature blood cells. Two genetic variants in key metabolizing enzymes, myeloperoxidase and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, influenced susceptibility to benzene hematotoxicity. Thus, hematotoxicity from exposure to benzene occurred at air levels of 1 ppm or less and may be particularly evident among genetically susceptible subpopulations.  相似文献   

Superconducting interfaces between insulating oxides     

Reyren N  Thiel S  Caviglia AD  Kourkoutis LF  Hammerl G  Richter C  Schneider CW  Kopp T  Rüetschi AS  Jaccard D  Gabay M  Muller DA  Triscone JM  Mannhart J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,317(5842):1196-1199

At interfaces between complex oxides, electronic systems with unusual electronic properties can be generated. We report on superconductivity in the electron gas formed at the interface between two insulating dielectric perovskite oxides, LaAlO3 and SrTiO3. The behavior of the electron gas is that of a two-dimensional superconductor, confined to a thin sheet at the interface. The superconducting transition temperature of congruent with 200 millikelvin provides a strict upper limit to the thickness of the superconducting layer of congruent with 10 nanometers.  相似文献   

Diversity of humus stocks in the arable soils of the Late Pleistocene ground morains in Mecklenburg,West Pomerania,Germany     

Gerhard Reuter  Helmet Böttcher  Bernd Honermeier  Helmut Kopp  Gertrud Lange  Norbert Makowksi 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(3):231-240

Abstract

Local humus stocks (= contents of soil organic matter, SOM in kg · m^?2) of arable soils were investigated in several regions of the seemingly uniform ground moraine-landscape. Depending on relief position, quantifiable effects of humus removal or enrichment are evident, caused by denudation or colluviation. The depth (thickness) of the investigated humus-bearing topsoil horizons varies between 15 and 150 cm overall and amounts on average to 67 cm. Extreme values of SOM (resp. C_org) stocks are 2.73 (1.58) and 137.41 (79.70) kg · m^?2. The average values of all found SOM (resp. C_org) stocks in the investigated arable soils amount to 10.78 (6.25) kg · m^?2. Humus stocks are not only of importance for the agricultural yield potential but also because of their function as a sink for, or a source of, atmospheric CO₂, which is of special current interest due to its influence on menacing climate change. The total carbon content of the corresponding column of atmosphere, 1.60 kg · m^?2, amounts to only one quarter of the average in our arable soils.  相似文献