Induction and maintenance of the neuronal cholinergic phenotype in the central nervous system by BMP-9     

López-Coviella I  Berse B  Krauss R  Thies RS  Blusztajn JK 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,289(5477):313-316

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have multiple functions in the developing nervous system. A member of this family, BMP-9, was found to be highly expressed in the embryonic mouse septum and spinal cord, indicating a possible role in regulating the cholinergic phenotype. In cultured neurons, BMP-9 directly induced the expression of the cholinergic gene locus encoding choline acetyltransferase and the vesicular acetylcholine transporter and up-regulated acetylcholine synthesis. The effect was reversed upon withdrawal of BMP-9. Intracerebroventricular injection of BMP-9 increased acetylcholine levels in vivo. Although certain other BMPs also up-regulated the cholinergic phenotype in vitro, they were less effective than BMP-9. These data indicate that BMP-9 is a differentiating factor for cholinergic central nervous system neurons.  相似文献   

Intervertebral Disk Disease in 3 Striped Skunks (Mephitis mephitis)     

Maximiljan W. Krauss  Livia Benato  Allison Wack  John J. McDonnell  Nico J. Schoemaker  Ineke Westerhof  Ellen Bronson  Ingrid Gielen  Annemie Van Caelenberg  Tom Hellebuyck  Bjrn P. Meij  Steven De Decker 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2014,43(5):589-592

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Persistent organic pollutant concentrations in air‐ and freeze‐dried compared to field‐fresh extracted soil samples of an eastern Slovak deposition gradient     

Wolfgang Wilcke  Martin Krauss  Gabriela Baran íkov 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2003,166(1):93-101

Sample preparation affects the results of the determination of persistent organic pollutant (POP) concentrations in soils. We compared the extraction results of POPs from air‐ and freeze‐dried with field‐fresh samples. We determined the concentrations of 21 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 14 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in 35 horizons of forest soils (Lithosols and Cambisols) along a deposition gradient caused by a chemical factory in Strá?ske (eastern Slovakia). The organic C (C_org) concentrations of the studied samples ranged 14‐477 g kg^‐1, the sum of 21 PAH (Σ 21PAHs) concentrations 53‐6870 μg kg^‐1, and that of 14 PCBs (Σ 14PCBs) 0.12 96 μg kg^‐1. The benzofluoranthenes were the most abundant PAHs, and the hexa‐chlorinated PCBs 138 and 153 were the most abundant PCBs. The deposition gradient was reflected by decreasing PAH and PCB storages in the organic layer with increasing distance from the chemical factory (Σ 21PAHs: 82‐238, Σ 14PCBs: 0.34‐2.3 g ha^‐1). The PAH concentrations in air‐ and freeze‐dried samples were consistently lower than those in field‐fresh extracted samples. For naphthalene, this was mainly attributable to volatilization losses during drying. Naphthalene losses decreased with increasing C_org concentrations. For all other PAHs, drying reduced the extractability; the latter was correlated with the water content of the samples. The differences in most PCB concentrations among the sample preparation methods were small (within the determination error of ±15 %) and inconsistent. However, PCBs 8, 28, 52, and 209 had markedly higher concentrations in dried than in fieldfresh extracted samples. The increased recovery of low‐chlorinated PCBs in dried samples may be explained by redistribution of PCBs from higher to lower contaminated samples via the drying room atmosphere because there were no PCBs in analytical blanks. This assumption is supported by a close correlation between the octanol‐air distribution coefficient and the up to hexa‐chlorinated PCB concentrations (normalized to those in field‐fresh extracted samples) in air‐ (r = ‐0.90) and freeze‐dried (r = ‐0.86) samples. Our study shows that each sample preparation method has its specific advantages and disadvantages. Sample drying results in a standardization to a well‐defined water content and facilitates homogenization; therefore it increases the reproducibility of POP determinations. Extraction of field‐fresh samples reduces volatilization losses and contamination risks.  相似文献   

Zoonoses in veterinary practice. 3. Chlamydial, rickettsial and fungal infections]     

H Krauss  A Weber 《Tier?rztliche Praxis》1975,3(4):387-393

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Seroprevalence of Chlamydia psittaci-specific antibodies in small stock in Namibia--epidemiological study with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)     

J Apel  O J Hübschle  H Krauss 《Zentralblatt für Veterin?rmedizin. Reihe B. Journal of veterinary medicine. Series B》1989,36(6):447-458

An IgG (H+L)-ELISA was applied as a screening test for antibodies against Chlamydia (C.) psittaci in sera of goats and sheep in Namibia. In 576 (27.3%) of a total of 2,107 sera (299 = 25.2% of 1,185 caprine and 277 = 30.0% of 922 ovine sera) chlamydial antibodies could be detected. 86% of all farms tested revealed seropositive animals. Chlamydial infections were prevalent in all the geographical regions tested. The infection rates per State Veterinary District varied from 12.0% (Otjiwarongo) to 50.0% (Otavi) in goats and from 13.3% (Otjiwarongo) to 41.7% (Windhoek) in sheep. The regional distribution of chlamydial infections was not related to geographical or climatic factors. Sera from herds showing symptoms indicative for chlamydial infections showed significantly higher antibody rates (35% in goats and 39% in sheep) than sera from herds without health problems (18% in goats and 24% in sheep). Considering only sera from farms with clinical history of chlamydiosis, high seroprevalences were correlated to the symptoms abortion and keratoconjunctivitis. As in other countries, enzootic abortion seems to be the main manifestation of chlamydial infection in small ruminants in Namibia. C. psittaci might also play a considerable role in the etiology of infectious keratoconjunctivitis, whereas association with other clinical entities seems to be rare.  相似文献   

Reproductive performance in South Australian dairy herds     

TD WILSON  DM MCLEAN†  CF SALTER†  BD BARTSCH† 《Australian veterinary journal》1994,71(3):75-77

SUMMARY Herd breeding records (161) were examined from a random 10% sample of dairy farms (96) in South Australia with more than 40 cows and suitable breeding records for 1988 and/or 1989. Of these farms, 53 (55.2%) had a year-round calving pattern, 42 (43.8%) claimed to be seasonal and one was changing from a year-round to a seasonal pattern. Only 14.6% of farmers observed oestrous behaviour outside milking times and 18.8% used tailpaint. Overall, the average proportion of unobserved heats was estimated to be 32%. Artificial insemination (AI) was carried out on 85.4% of farms (16.7% used AI alone and 68.7% also used bulls) of which 32.9% used commercial technicians and 67.1% were do-it-yourself operators. Overall, the average 30-day submission rate was 59.9% and the average 49-day non-return to service rate was 58.9%. Investigation into the probable causes of suboptimal reproductive performance gave a tentative diagnosis of inefficient oestrous detection, deferral of service, inadequate nutrition, poor AI technique, insufficient bulls, and venereal/other diseases in 69.1, 32.1, 27.2, 28.4, 13.6 and 7.4% of records, respectively.  相似文献   

Effective treatment of bovine ephemeral fever     

TD St  GEORGE 《Australian veterinary journal》1997,75(3):221-222

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Resistenzprüfung von Bakterien mittels der Firefly-Biolumineszenz Ein Schnelltest4     

Reinhard Weiss  Hartmut Krauss 《Zoonoses and public health》1982,29(5):359-371

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Electrophoretic Changes in Serum Transferrin and Gammaglobulins Following Rickettsia mooseri Infection in Cyclophosphamide Treated Mice     

M. H. H. Awaad  K. Grf  H.-D. Schmatz  H. Krauss 《Zoonoses and public health》1978,25(7):586-595

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27-nm virus particles found in the faeces of a cat with vomiting and diarrhoea     

W Herbst  H Lange  H Krauss 《Zentralblatt für Veterin?rmedizin. Reihe B. Journal of veterinary medicine. Series B》1987,34(4):314-316

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