Evaluating the contact rate between companion dogs during dog walking and the practices towards potential cases of rabies among dog owners in Japan     

Nigel C. L. Kwan  Mai Inoue  Akio Yamada  Katsuaki Sugiura 《Zoonoses and public health》2019,66(4):393-400

This study aimed to examine the habits of dog walking in Japan using an internet survey of insured dog owners. About 96.4% of the respondents (n = 1,151) reported that they would take their dogs for a walk and they most frequently walk their dogs once or twice a day (75.9%) for 30 min to 1 hr (83.1%). The probability of a companion dog having contact with other dogs during dog walking was estimated to be 0.83 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.81–0.85), and the associated daily contact rate was estimated using log‐normal distribution with a mean of 2.73 (95% CI: 2.42–3.11) and a standard deviation (SD) of 6.39 (95% CI: 5.18–7.84). Multiple linear regression revealed that the contact rate is mainly influenced by the social behaviour of the owner and to a lesser degree by his/her demographic characteristics including the area of residence, the breed size of dog and the age of the owner. In addition, ten Likert items measured on a 5‐point scale were designed to assess the practices towards potential cases of rabies among dog owners. The respondents (n = 972) achieved a mean score of 2.99 (out of a full score of 4) with a SD of 0.90 in responding to situations related to dog bite incidents and injury from stray cat scratches during dog walking. They achieved a higher score in responding to situations related to sighting a stray or wild animal during dog walking and situations related to non‐specific clinical signs of rabies and bite injuries from stray dogs or wild animals during dog walking with a mean of 3.70 (SD = 0.58) and 3.84 (SD = 0.34), respectively. The level of best practice was also proved to be significantly associated with the demographic characteristics of the dog owner.  相似文献   

Correction of Biapical Radial Deformities by Use of Bi‐Level Hinged Circular External Fixation and Distraction Osteogenesis in 13 Dogs     

Toni W. Kwan DVM  Ola L.A. Harrysson PhD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2014,43(3):316-329

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Personality and performance in working dogs     

Samuel Gosling  Stewart J. Hilliard  Steven J. Schapiro  Simine Vazire  Virginia S.Y. Kwan  Oliver P. John 《Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research》2009,4(2):73-74

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Fecal coliform and E. coli estimates,tip of the iceberg     

B. J. Dutka  S. Kuchma  K. K. Kwan 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1979,11(3):349-362

Pure cultures of E. coli, Klebsiella and Enterobacter, obtained from hospital patients and from natural waters were tested for their growth patterns by spread plate and membrane filtration procedures at the following temperatures; 35°, 41.5°, 43°, 44.5°, and 35°C for 4 h followed by 18 h at 44.5°C. Results indicated that 44.5°C incubation produces the lowest population estimate and that the application of the membrane filtration technique also reduced the potential population. Three water samples collected during June, August and November were tested for fecal coliform and E. coli populations, with 11 different media (broth and agar) and incubation temperatures of 35°, 41.5°, 43°, 44.5°, and 35°C for 4 h followed by 18 h at 44.5°C. During the study, isolates were collected from all positive MPN tubes at each temperature and from each MF medium-temperature regime, 24 to 50 isolates were collected. From the isolate data corrected coliform (oxidase negative), fecal coliform and E. coli population estimates were made. A sample of feces was diluted in lake water and maintained at 20°C for 56 days. Samples were collected at various times and tested for fecal coliform densities using five media and the same temperature regime as for the lake water samples. Data from these studies indicate that, depending on the age of the population being measured, the temperature of the water sample, and the temperature-media-procedure combination used, fecal coliform and E. coli population estimate techniques measure from 5 to 100% of the potential population.  相似文献   

Aroma impact components in commercial plain sufu   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Chung HY  Fung PK  Kim JS 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(5):1684-1691

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The adrenergic receptor antagonists propranolol and carvedilol decrease bone sarcoma cell viability and sustained carvedilol reduces clonogenic survival and increases radiosensitivity in canine osteosarcoma cells     

Megan M. Duckett  Shee Kwan Phung  Linh Nguyen  Ali Khammanivong  Erin Dickerson  Kathryn Dusenbery  Jessica Lawrence 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2020,18(1):128-140

Adrenergic receptor (AR) expression has been demonstrated at several sites of primary and metastatic tumour growth and may influence proliferation, survival, metastasis and angiogenesis. AR antagonists like propranolol and carvedilol inhibit proliferation, induce apoptosis and synergize with chemotherapy agents in some cancers. Radiation resistance is mediated in many cells by upregulation of pro‐survival pathways, which may be influenced by ARs. Studies evaluating AR antagonists combined with radiation are limited. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of propranolol and carvedilol on viability and radiosensitivity in sarcoma cell lines. The hypothesis was that propranolol and carvedilol would increase radiosensitivity in four primary bone sarcoma cell lines. Single agent propranolol or carvedilol inhibited cell viability in all cell lines in a concentration‐dependent manner. The mean inhibitory concentrations (IC₅₀) for carvedilol were approximately 4‐fold lower than propranolol and may be clinically relevant in vivo. Immunoblot analysis confirmed AR expression in both human and canine sarcoma cell lines; however, there was no correlation between baseline AR protein expression and radiosensitivity. Short duration treatment with carvedilol and propranolol did not significantly affect clonogenic survival. Prolonged exposure to propranolol and carvedilol significantly decreased the surviving fraction of canine osteosarcoma cells after 3Gy radiation. Based on our results and possible in vivo activity in dogs, further studies investigating the effects of carvedilol on sarcoma are warranted.  相似文献   

Complement factor H variant increases the risk of age-related macular degeneration   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Haines JL  Hauser MA  Schmidt S  Scott WK  Olson LM  Gallins P  Spencer KL  Kwan SY  Noureddine M  Gilbert JR  Schnetz-Boutaud N  Agarwal A  Postel EA  Pericak-Vance MA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,308(5720):419-421

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of visual impairment and blindness in the elderly whose etiology remains largely unknown. Previous studies identified chromosome 1q32 as harboring a susceptibility locus for AMD. We used single-nucleotide polymorphisms to interrogate this region and identified a strongly associated haplotype in two independent data sets. DNA resequencing of the complement factor H gene within this haplotype revealed a common coding variant, Y402H, that significantly increases the risk for AMD with odds ratios between 2.45 and 5.57. This common variant likely explains approximately 43% of AMD in older adults.  相似文献   

Chemical methylation of inorganic mercury with methylcobalamin, a vitamin B12 analog   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

N Imura  E Sukegawa  S K Pan  K Nagao  J Y Kim  T Kwan  T Ukita 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1971,172(989):1248-1249

Chemical methylation of mercuric chloride with methylcobalamin has been studied. Methylated mercury was detected by gas chromatography; and analysis of the products of the reaction by thin-layer chromatography revealed that the methylation proceeded at a remarkably high rate when methylcobalamin and inorganic mercury were mixed. Dimethylmercury was an initial product of the reaction.  相似文献   

α-Lipoic acid-enrichment partially reverses tissue ascorbic acid depletion in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) fed vitamin C-devoid diets     

Kwan Ha Park  Bendik Fyhn Terjesen  Marcelo Borges Tesser  Maria Célia Portella  Konrad Dabrowski 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2006,32(4):329-338

Effects of dietary α-lipoic acid (LA) and ascorbic acid (AA) on the growth, tissue vitamin C and tocopherol (vitamin E) levels, and malondialdehyde levels were examined in the tropical fish pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus. Pacu juveniles were fed one of four casein-gelatin-based diets for 8 weeks: with 0.05% AA and 0.1% LA (+AA+LA), with AA and without LA (+AA–LA), without AA and with LA (−AA+LA), and without AA and LA (−AA−LA). When the fish received quantities of feed equal to 1.9–2.5% of its body weight, growth was not influenced, regardless of the presence of AA or LA throughout most of the experimental period. Growth was, however, slightly but significantly lower at week 8 in the AA-deficient/LA-supplemented group. An AA-deficient diet caused a highly significant reduction in both total AA and dehydroascorbic acid content in the liver and gill tissues. This reduction of tissue AA concentrations was reversed in a significant manner by LA (antioxidant-sparing effect). The 8-week-long vitamin C deprivation was sufficient to initiate the reduction in tissue ascorbic acid; however, total ascorbate in the liver of fish in the (−)AA/(+)LA group was 127.7±54.3 nmol g⁻¹ tissue, whereas it was 28.6±26.3 nmol g⁻¹ in the (−)AA/(−)LA group, a 4.4-fold difference. This mitigating effect of the addition of the endogenous antioxidant LA to the diet indicates that LA exerts a vitamin C-sparing effect in teleost fish that by far exceeds the phenomena demonstrated in non-scurvy-prone mammals. There was no difference among the different diet groups for vitamin E and malondialdehyde levels in the liver. These results suggest that LA is a potent substance for the prevention of AA deficiency in cultured fishes. The optimal dietary level of LA needs to be determined in the light of the slight reduction in body weight gain after 8 weeks of feeding in the absence of AA.  相似文献   

Dependence of olfactory bulb neurogenesis on prokineticin 2 signaling     

Ng KL  Li JD  Cheng MY  Leslie FM  Lee AG  Zhou QY 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,308(5730):1923-1927

Neurogenesis persists in the olfactory bulb (OB) of the adult mammalian brain. New interneurons are continually added to the OB from the subventricular zone (SVZ) via the rostral migratory stream (RMS). Here we show that secreted prokineticin 2 (PK2) functions as a chemoattractant for SVZ-derived neuronal progenitors. Within the OB, PK2 may also act as a detachment signal for chain-migrating progenitors arriving from the RMS. PK2 deficiency in mice leads to a marked reduction in OB size, loss of normal OB architecture, and the accumulation of neuronal progenitors in the RMS. These findings define an essential role for G protein-coupled PK2 signaling in postnatal and adult OB neurogenesis.  相似文献